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الهجرة الفلسطينية إلى خارج فلسطين خلال عهد الانتداب البريطاني 1917-1948
(1998) مفيد عمر أسعد صلاح; Dr. Nezam Izat Abbasi
From its emergence and up to our present time, humanity has witnessed a continuous series of human immigration, simply because the movement of Man on earth is as old as the oldness of humanity. Immigration is not a new occurrence. There is difference between immigration and evacuation, despite their resemblance in context. Immigration in most cases comes in search of gaining and improving living conditions, whereas evacuation comes as a result of a natural or political disaster lading to it. Thus there is neither choice nor an opinion for a people in it. The causes of immigration or exodus of groups or individuals form their countries and the recourse of them to other states results mostly from wars, an external invasion or the outcome of economical deteriorating circumstances. There are some people who desert their countries, hoping to return to them after the disappearance of the state of insecurity or fright. These expectations might last for a long time. That is what happened to the Palestinians who left their home land hoping to return to it before WWI and later. Immigration in Palestine was distinguished by characteristics and features that made it different from most of the movements of demographic immigration, where Western imperialist forces-wishing to replace the Zionist existence in place of the Ara b one played a major role in ht adaptation of a Palestinian pattern of immigration, its range and timing. The Zionist movement, through the past decades, sought to vacate the Arab Palestinian land in order to Judaize it. Basing on this background definitely, it emerged into existence and imposed into practice programs and projects of expulsion-against the Palestinians for creating demographic changes on the land of Palestine and realizing these changes.
Saudi Arabia Position on The Question of Palestine 1936-1948
(1998) Mahmoud Birawi; Dr. Tayseer Yunes Jbara
The Study reveals the position of Saudi Arabia toward Palestine from 1936-1948 Arabia was ruled by many families as AI-Rashid who could dismissed AI-Su'ud Family who immigrated to kwait. After that Mubark As-Sabbah helped them to restore their political position. Abdul-Aziz Ibn Su'ud attached AI-Riyadh and killed their ruler and restored his family authority. He then began expanding his power on Arabia; so he defeated Ar- Rashid Family as well as the Ottman power. Many battles took place between him.and Hussein Iben AIi (Mac(froler) till the later was defeated and king Then Su'ud established his kingdom in 1932. King ThenSu'ud interest in Palestine was not enormous before the Revolution of 1936. He refused to sign Jadda Treaty in 1927 when he asked to adjust Al-Aqueer Treaty in order to become a king over AI-Hijaz and Najd. This is because Britain asked him have privileges for Jews in Palestine. But at last Britain neglected this demand and Jadda Treaty had been signed. By the eruption of AI-Buraq Revolution (1929), Then Su'ud sent a complaint letter to the British Government in which he protests against jews abuses against the Palestinian prayers. Then Su'ud shared the Islamic world in the Islamic conference (1931) which dealt with Palestine and Jerusalem. Prince Su'ud Then Abdul-Aziz visited Palestine and prayed at AI-Aqsa and .met .. the leaders of the National Movement who asked him to support Palestine. Saudia Arabia supported Palestine in the Revolution of 1936 from the different levels through the contacts between king Then Su'ud and the High Arab Committee. Saudi Arabia with the other Arab countries asked the High Arab Committee to stop the strike and meet the Royal Committee. The High Arab Committee accepted and met the Royal Committee. But the decisions of the Royal Committee was disappointing. The Division Resolution was announced in 1937. And the Saudi Arabia protested against it and supported the Palestinians. The Islamic and Arab world refused the Resolution and held Bloodan and the Arab Congress Commences (1937) in Cairo. The British Government asked the independent Arab countries, the jewish Agency and the High Arab Committee to hold London conference (1939). King Then Su'ud asked his son to defend the Palestinian Rights to which they have a just claim But again the Connfrence has been failed because of the British supporting policy toward Jews. Saudi Arabia was hesitated against the white paper (1939). When nthe World War II began; King Then Su'ud refused all conspiracies against Palestine, because these are against his policy. The Zionist Movement became active during World War II in order to force the American President-Rosefolt to help Jews. King ThenSu'ud sent many letters to "Rosefolt" to clarify the Palestinian Right. Then a meeting was held between RosefoIt and King Then Su'ud in which Rosefolt asked for Permission for the Jewish immigration to Palestine. But Iben Su'ud refused this and sent him a letter in which he insisted on the Palestinian Rights. The Anglo-American Committee visited Palestine in 1946 and some of the Arab Countries. The Committee met Then Su'ud whom insisted on his refusal to the Committee Division Resolution and his support to the Palestinian. But the Committee again supported the jewish and American demands. The Arabs then held two conferences in Anshass and Bloodan (1946) to refuse the Decision of the Anglo American Committee. The British Government asked the Arabs to attend a conference in London (1946). And again, it was failed to achieve the Palestinian demands. Then, Palestine Case was referred to the United Nations who in turn announced the Division Resolution in (1947). Saudi Arabia protested against the Resolution. After that the Arabs, held many conferences in Sofer, Alia and Cairo to support Palestine. When the Israeli- Palestinian War erupted, Saudi Arabia participated by supplying Palestine morally and financially. Also Saudi Arabia sent volunteers to defend the Palestinians.
Education In Nablus During The British Mandate
(1998) Majd Abed-Al-Fatah Abdoh; Dr. Mahmoud Ataallah
The education public system in Palestine was essentially established by the Ottoman law in 1869 and 1913. During the Ottoman period, few public schools were available Nablus The oldest were AI-Khan School built in 1879, and the Rushdiyah School in 1889. The two famous schools were the Eastern Rashadiyah School and the Western Rashadiyah School. The Kutab System ( the Old Quran Schools) was found in Nablus in Mosques and Maqamat Al-Awliya. The religious instructions formed part of the curriculum. There were no qualified teachers, and each Kutab system had its own curriculum. In general, the education system, during the Ottoman period, was very poor in the number of qualified teachers, ignorance of the significance 01" the education both females and males. There were no schools for girls, no budgets, lack and shortage in textbooks. Even the curriculum was traditional and not flexible, and the teaching language of instruction in schools was the Ottoman language (Turkish). During the British Mandate 1918-1948, a new Education Ordinance replaced the then existing (Ottoman) legislation. It was proposed under the Ordinance to make regulation for local education authorities and for schools in the public system. The Government Department of Education was established in 1920, and it was headquartered in Jerusalem. It was controlled by director, with a deputy director (both British) and were assisted by a Palestinian Inspectorate. There were Arab Inspector in Jerusalem, Jaffa, Nablus and Haifa They were in charge of running government schools in their own districts. The education system during the British Mandate improved slightly. In 1933, a new Education Ordinance was issued. It aimed at encouraging the establishment of elementary schools, and allowed the establishment of national and private schools like An-Najah Nabulssiyah School, and Oar Al-Aytarn School. Also a special local committee for education was set up, to manage the education system inside Nablus, impose the education tax, and appoint teachers in the local schools. In Nablus, there were five schools for males and six schools for females, and in addition to eight private schools. The famous and the largest was An-Najah National School which late became a secondary school and community college. But Nablus needed more schools to overcome the problem of illiteracy, due to the shortage in the number of schools. Also many shortages prevented from developing the public schools system. The financial policy prevented any marked expansion of activities in the field of Arab education. No new elementary schools were established for both females and males. There was no maintenance of the old schools. Secondary schools were not available. The government opened secondary classes in certain elementary schools in Nablus such as Salahiyah school for male, and in 1946 for female in Al-Aishiyah school. In Nablus only one elementary school had secondary classes for females and males. Some elementary schools consisted of seven years, while other schools had only a four-year program. There were no Palestinian universities, or vocational school, or agricultural school. The British Mandate education policy aimed at preparing a few qualified people to work as clerks in the government departments, rather than the education of the Palestinians. This policy prevented the Palestinians from any national education system. The education ordinance allowed the British Director to punish, or to arrest any teacher or student for any political activities. During the 1936 rebellion, the British Mandate closed all schools in Palestine. For example, the British authoroties had closed An-Najah National College for three years.
The Commerce And The Caliph State In Early Islamic Times From The Message To The End Of Ummayes State
(1999) سحر يوسف القواسمي; Dr. Jamal Judeh
This study discusses the relationship and role of the commerce in the Caliph State. This project is divides into five sections: THE FIRST SECTION: The Social And Cultural Conditions Of Merchants: It is apparent that the majority of merchants in the early Islamic Times were Arabs. In the Ummayes Times, the Arab merchants role weakened and was substituted for the Mawalyes. Furthermore, women, slaves, and clerks practiced trade activities. Merchants had good relations with all sectors of the public. That helped them to play administrative and political roles in the state. They also have an important role in the social and cultural life of people. That's is, they were so educated that they were reporters, postmen, and journalists They carried people's messages, and helped in spreading the Islam in areas never reached before by Muslims. Moreover, they took part in solving many financial problems of their society and worked as Iiazon between the public and the rulers. THE SECOND SECTION: The Economic Status Of Merchants: This section discusses the financial resources and abilities of merchants, and their investments in buying lands and properties. Their wealth had been shown clearly in their levels of living, clothes, and wives jewellery. That good situation gave them an advantage to establish business similar to the bank works, people and government used to borrow from them. THE THIRD SECTION : The State Officials And Trade: It has been found out that most of the state men (Officials) and rulers were merchants in the first half of the century of the Islamic appearance. The prophet Mohammed (PBUH) was a merchant. Those merchants supported the Islamic Da'waa (message) and contributed in building the state. Therefore, the state supported them. For example, it chose its ambassadors and messengers from them, also it gave them high positions in the state. THE FOURTH SECTION: Merchants And The State Economical Institutions: Merchants, officials, and notables had benefited from Beit-Elmal (the State Save). They could borrow money from it and make business. They sometimes bought debts or goods .cheaper than their real prices and sell them. After the spread of Islam, there were many commercial centers for the public and private people. The trade had flourished and made a big progress. There were various types of goods. The government issued a new tax called: the tenth. Dealers were requested to pay such taxes. THE FIFTH SECTION: Merchants And Jihad: Merchants have a big role in the Islamic spread and Jihad. They got benefit from that because new markets would be open in front of them, and thus new benefits and activities. The leaders of the armies focused on commercial markets and centers when invading a new area .That situation explained why merchants used to call for peace and (suluh). Also, they contributed much in supporting the armies with food, weapons, and money. Another important role for them was to work as spies for Islamic armies leaders. Merchants also, politically neutral. They dealt with hostile rivals equally concerning selling and buying goods. Thus, they were allowed to enter all countries and war areas without permission. All the varies Islamic treaties supported that.
Education In Hebron During The British Mandate 1920-1948
(1999) Yasser Hussen Soleman Saleh; Prof. Nezam Izzet Al-Abasy
This study examines the educational and cultural conditions In Hebron during the British mandate on Palestine (1920-1948). The significance of the study stems from the fact that the subject matter has not been thoroughly researched despite its historical importance to the people of Hebron in particular and to all Palestinians in general. The first chapter examines the educational situation in Hebron in the later episode of the Ottoman era, with a special emphasis on schools, their types, terms of study and curricula. Moreover, foreign schools, whether Jewish or Christian, were also studied. The Second Chapter examines thoroughly the educational and cultural conditions in Hebron during the British mandate era. The chapter has two sections, first a general description of the state of education in Palestine during that period; and, second, a descriptive and critical analysis of the educational situation in Hebron in the same period, including schools, number of students, teachers' salaries, appointment of teachers, extracurricular activities, cultural clubs and their role in the educational process, and the role of Hebron students In contemporary political events and the official government curriculum. The third chapter examines government schools in Hebron, including all-male and all-female schools. It cited schools, locations, students, staff, and relations to the Government's department of education as well as extracurricular activities. The fourth chapter is devoted to Hebron municipal schools, including locations, students, staff, and relations with the municipal council, and the later transformation of these schools into public schools. Finally, the fifth chapter examines private schools in Hebron. The author examined these schools in detail, illustrating their history (according to seniority) and role in the educational process as well as their relations to the Supreme Islamic Council and their extracurricular activities.
Damascus_Al_Sham Province During Prince Tinkiz 712-740H/1312-1339/1340G
(2000) Abdel Jabbar Ahmed Moh'd Al_Amleh; Dr. Mahmoud Atallah
This Study approached Damascus Province in a short period of time of Mamluke age history, the period when Al-Husami prince Tinkiz ruled Damascus between (712-740Hl1312-1339/1340G) It's noted that AIMamalik paid much more attention to Damascus than other provinces of AL-Sham (Syria). Its governor was given large authorities and powers more than others. From managemental point of view, jobs were different and various as well as other provinces, but the importance of Damascus resulted in increasing jobs in comparison with other provinces. From political and military point of view, Damascus played an important role for the Mamluke state. Prince Tinkiz became responsible for the whole areas of AI-Sham, and was considered as deputy to the Sultan Nasser ibn Qalawun in Al- Sham. He also played an important role in foreign affairs with both Maghoul and Armanians. In economical field, products varied in Damascus, and industry flourished. Trade flourished internally and externally, too. In scientific sphere, Damascus witnessed various educational organizations, and scholars appeared in the area, the matter that Damascus became a place to which scholars and learners go. In social side, Damascus community contained various groups. There were Muslims, Christians and Jews. Besides, there were the Egyptians, people of Jerusalem, Nablus, Aleppo, Hama, Kerak and others.
The Jewish Community in Hebron between 1917-1936
(2000) Shehadeh Murshed Shehadeh Rajabi; Dr. Taysir Jbara
This study comprises an introduction, a forward, three chapters and a conclusion. In the forward I talked about various names of Hebron in history. In addition I talked about the city and its geographical position, its historical and religious importance to both Muslims and Jews. In the first chapter, I discussed the arrival of Jews during the Ottoman rule. During the Ottoman authority position toward there the work they carried out, their schools and places of worship and the effect of Zoinism upon them in the 19th., century. However in the second chapter , the study talks about the conditions of the Jewish community in Hebron between 1917- 1929 ; how they were affected materially in their trade with the Arabs ; the social relations among the community and relations with the Arab ; the political conditions and its effect on the Jews and their relations with the Zionist Committee on the one hand, and with the British mandate, on the other hand; and the position of the national movement in Hebron towards the Jews. In the third and last chapter, the direct and special reasons of the uprising of Hebron people in 1929 were discussed , explaining how clashes occurred on 24/08/ 1929 and their effect on Jews and the Arabs. Also, how the Zionist Committee made great efforts to resettle Jews in the city which lasted from 1931 to 1936
Nahiye of Khalil Al-Rahman In The 10th.,A.H. , 16th, A.D Century
(2000) Basem Mohammad Hashish; Dr. Mahmoud Ataallah
This study talks about Hebron city and the surrounding areas in the io". A.H corresponding to the 16th , . A.D century which were known as Nahiye of Khalil AL-Rahman. The study has been divided into four chapters, the first chapter describes the management situations of the city, its forms, borders, villages and farms that belong to it. Besides, the chapter describes the management functions in the city . It talks about Hebron citadel and the preeminent soldiers who were present, their numbers and ranks. It talks about feudual forces and the religious staff. The second chapter describes the people and their division as city dwellers, villagers and beduin , then the non-muslim; Jaws and Christians and relations among themselves . Also, it talks about role of women in public life, clothes, food and the history of Ibrahim, May God have peace upon him, his belongings, sources, beneficiaries and people in charge. The third chapter describes the economic issues; the land, agriculture, fruitful trees, roads and industry, trading and the role of the county in this field; the export and import, taxes placed on agriculture, industry, trading and roads. It also talks about balances, money and waqf properties and how they went used. In the fourth chapter, the study talks about movement in civilization such as public houses, paths, roads, houses and others. Besides, it talks about the religious places, mosques, and the commercial buildings such as inns and baths, then the educational buildings, particularly schools. Presenting this thesis depended on records kept at shariat court of Jerusalem and other several references.
The History of Jewish Settlement In Nablus Area 1967-1998
(2000) Mohammed Odeh Mohammed Gulmy; Dr. Nezam Izat Abbasi
The research talks abaut settlement in Nablus area .It has specialty of the area itself, which forms the biggest Palestinian population and the biggest provinces, What is meaut of Nablus area is the area which contains Nablus province, Salfeet province and Tubas province . The IsreaIi authorities had many administrate procedures and interferences in citizen Ivies during its government of this region since 1967, which broke the social structure of the area. Some of those steps were administarial separation of some villages and cities and Joining them to narrow provinces like, Jenin and Tulkarem. Those Israeli procedures aimed to apply the Isreali law on the Palestinian lands to facilitate the settlement function and the repeated raping for the Palestinian lands. That area had many population developments. Its inhabitant number had decreased after war in 1967 because of the compulsory of emigration and had restabilized after 1994 where the Palestinian inhabitant's number reached 377149 persons at the end of 1997. Those People live in 118 housing -collections. About 54000 Settlers had settled in the area after war in 1967 to 1998, they lived in 55 colonies and those settlers formed 16% of the Palestinian inhabitants of Nablus. Yet, the settlement number in the area formed 45% to the percentage of Palestinian housing- gathering in the same area. The area space reached to 1475000 donum, which equal 1475 KIm, it composed 28% of west bank land area. 31078 dounm is aconrtlled area by Isreali colonies formed 2% of Nablus area, but the controlled area by different methods and preteuds is 643420 dounm, which equal 43.6% of the regional area. The region had different political conditions due to the political specialty it has the biggest living and economical throng in West Bank ,this has an importance in drawing the Israeli policy of the area. The people of it contributed in refusing and resisting the occupation, beside refusing all the political projects imposed on the area before the negotiation of P.L.O with Israel. The economic condition for this area depends on agriculture, especially olive oil agriculture; .The; economy in the; area suffered from the arachment performance with tax-tgranng and so it remains weak economy depending at Israeli economy. The setllement had historical, traditional and old festemental motives in ruling Nablus area, for that, the settlement theorizers and political markes modefied heritage reasons for every settlement and cnnected it to historical or old festemental. This settlement Ideology cuvred the colony nature in Nablus which is driven with other motives than the traditional motive like, Securitical , Economical , Water, demographical and geographical motives, for those motives many colony plans and projects made on the land. The Isreali settlement movemenets and governments depended on many methods to control and steal the land by the continuous governmental support for settlement movement and the confiscation of thousand donams undr different justifications . The Palestinians rejct and resist thise methods in owing the land by different ways, The colonization resisting movement passed in four stages since 1974until1998 starting with resisting the first settlemental basic in Sapastah and Rujeeb land in 1974, then it developed as long as the occupation exists.
Education In Tulkarm District During The British Mandatory 1922-1948
(2000) Ahmed Mahmod Hassan Ammar; Dr. Bahjat Sabri
This study deals with Education" in Tulkarm district, during the British Mandatory between 1922 - 1948 . A.D. The first chapter presents the demographic and cultural situations in Tulkarm, during the Mandatory, and it is obvious that the district was less civilized and less civilized in compare with the other districts Palestine. The area of the district was nearly 318565 dunnume. Its population was 83800 inhabitants in 1944 distributed over 49 villages the educational situations over 49 villages. The educational situations in this district during the Ottman era. It is clear that the predominant form of schools was (elementary), The highest class was 4th grade. The schools were scattered nearly over all villages. The number was 27 schools, and the number of the students, was 1153 students from 1893-1894. The outstanding feature for education was the religious one at that time. There was no specific syllabus teaching depended totally on repetition and cramming. Schools were not equipped with the apt aids for the learning process. It should be noticed that the curriculum was Egyptian during the British Mandatory, then they were changed under the British supervision. The aim for these curriculums was creating angus mentality for students in order to make them believe in the idea of the Jewish existence in Palestine, and that was represented through the academic text books. The local people and the teachers protested against the British policy in education. A slight progress in the teaching and learning process took place after the second world war. And this was due to a activeness of the local people and corporations. In the last days of the Mandatory, the number of schools amounted to 48 in 1946. Those schools were distributed over 42 villages in addition to 3 schools in Tulkarm city . There were 42 schools for boys, and 6 schools for girls. The total of number of the students was 9112. g031, males students and 1081 finales. The number of the teachers was 146 in 1946 financed by the government and 60 financed by the local people. The number of female teachers was 23 financed by the government and 4 by local people. The highest class was get grade and that was the " Tulkarm Sec. School" But the other districts school were up to 4th grade in Some schools and 6th Grade in some other schools. The main good turn of the improvement of education in Tulkarm refers to the local people especially the Judicial authorities. The situations of the teachers who clear political or patriotic role were tackled in the last chapter of this study. And this passive role was due to the restrictions imposed by Britain in addition that the teacher was totally occupied in earning his living. Knowing that his salary was not enough to cope with the basic necessities of life, and the highest salary was & pounds Per month. This study there sheds light on khaduri school which was established in 1932. For the sake of improving forming in Palestine. The result wasn't satisfactory because no objective was fulfilled during the 16 years from 1932-1948. Consequently the agriculture and education remained. The same as it was before the establishment of the school. Finally, it’s worth mentioning that the education was retarded during the Mandatory in Palestine. But Tulkarm was distinguished among other di - tracts which followed great steps in developing the learning and teaching process due to the efforts of its local people.
Lataif Unse Al-Jalil Fi Tahaif Al-Quds Wal Khalil by Mustafa Asad Al-Luqaymi Al-Dimyatti(1105-1178/1693-1764 A.D)
(2000) Khalid Abdul Kareem Hamshari; Dr. Hisham Abu Ermeileh
The name of this book "Lata 'if Unsi AL-Jalilfe Taha'if al-Quds wal Halil" which comes in eight chapters written by MUSTAFA ASAD ALLOQAYMI AL-DIMYATTI (1105-1178Hljri/1693-1764A.D.), implies the antique & marvelous places in Hebron & Jerusalem, According, to this book too much concern was paid to most of the villages, cities, & holy sites which included mosques, tombs, graves, grave yards, & many holy places in Palestine "the holy land", This book also included many accurate & precise details about the history, schools, water resources, ruins, in addition to many places in Hebron & Jerusalem. The author of this book belongs to "AL-SOFIEH' religious party, & hereby was interested in visiting many holy places & sites in Palestine "holy land" like many follower of this party who according to their principals & traditions believe that such visiting’s are very important to please god & therefor has his blessings. The investigator (researcher) exerted many efforts to point out the content of this manuscript which necessary required time & a 19t of work. the outcome of this work is a comprehensive study which illustrates the different "Sofia" & "khelwattieh" methods, & an explanation of their terms due to the fact that the author of this book used many of them. The Researcher throughout his research & investigation included many information about the survey methods he followed, illustration of the author's curriculum vita, his era & a lot of detailed information about the geography of the cities & villages mentioned and the personal in that era. The investigator also went through many, text books of "AI Suneh" to verify & confirm many "hadith" & the meanings of many words mentioned. -i1'- The investigator tried to exchange the Hijri chronology with A. D. one to make it easy for the Readers ..The investigator made up a map to illustrate the sites mentioned in the research. Finally the investigator after his extensive study & investigation. coincided that this book as one of the most important books, which• concerned with the history of Jerusalem & Hebron in particular & the rest of Palestinian sites In general.
نزهة الناظرين في تاريخ من ولي مصر من الخلفاء والسلاطين، دراسة وتحقيق
(2000) أميرة فهمي محمد دبابسة;
Egypt had played a very important role in Islamic history , inparticual under Ayyubbids and Mameluks and contributed much in making up an Islamic rooted civilization. Also it had been the burden center in political and cultural aspects, consequently ,scientist were attracted to it from all over Islamic world regions especially, the Syrian countries. And because of the existence of great educational institutions there The research included a definition of the author, Marie ben yousef Al karmi .Who died in 1033 higril 1623 Mceladee in a time required paying,.attention to the book of tradition and its publishing on one scale, , and focusing on the works or Alkarmi on an another scale. So 1divided this study in two main parts: The first part which dealt with the life of the author. his book and his age. This part was divided into two main chapters .In chapter I shed Light on the lire of the author according to his birth, childhood .sheikhs, jobs, scientific position .verses, literary books arranged according to topics and the age of the author concerning with the political ,economical , scientifically, and social life in Egypt and that had ,special importance in the study or this period in Which the author lied. The second chapter dealt with the definition of the book in many matters the subject of the book, its its importance, style, source of information. and a dscripation of the manuscript copies at which the researcher depended upon in this study which head 8 capies found in the Jordanian university I described these copies according to its history , the name or the copies if known .The shape of writing ,the size of papers, the number of papers for each copy, its place and it's arrangement. The second part concerned with the verification of the manuscripts, in other words, my rolewas to compare the copies, define the idioms and the marked scientists mentioned. finally. hope to show the reader a work of a Palestinian scientist and join him to the list or palestinian scientists who enriched the Arabic Library and the humane civilization with their works and their efforts preserved for as by history.
الأوضاع الصحية في نابلس إبان الانتداب البريطاني 1922-1948م
(2000) إنصاف اسعد حسين خاطر; Dr.Bahjat Sabri
I have discussed in this thesis the health services in Nablus during the British mandate on Palestine. I divided the research project into five chapters to include all the aspects of the subject. In the first chapter, I explained the general situation in Nablus as a whole, with special emphasis on the health sector in particular; in the late Ottoman era during which deterioration of these affairs prevailed as in other Palestinian cities and territories. I explored the economic situation from agricultural, industrial, and commercial points of view. then I shifted to the administrative aspect, then to the social aspect, and then to the architectural aspect, and finally I studied the health status in some details including the public health, medical and curative services. The second chapter dealt with the British military administrative procedures aimed at controlling the health services, and the response of citizens to these regulations which seemed lacking in seriousness to a large extent. The third chapter entailed the duties assumed by the health directorate to prevent diseases: especially communicable ones, and the ways and means taken by the British authorities to achieve this aim. In the fourth chapter I described the role played by Nablus Municipality and the regulatory procedures taken in the health sector, in a serious attempt - on their part - to protect citizens from the danger of epidemics and infectious diseases, especially following the appreciation of the local officials that the British authorities who issued these rules were not serious in implementing them on the ground. The reality indicated that the ugly occupation issued these rules to improve their image. through trying to display some concern in the health of citizens. ABSTRACT At the same time honorable people used to plan and implement services in coordination with the local notables and intellectuals, who used to participate in running the municipal affairs. As for the fifth chapter, I clarified the campaign taken by the local people to establish a group of societies which assumed the duty of dealing with health of citizens. The initial stimulus in this regard was the establishment of the Evangelical (Anglian) Hospital which motivated the patriots to pay a special attention to the poor and the needy so as to alleviate the burden of disease on these citizens, so as to enable them to rise up to their duty towards their homeland and people.
Ali Bin Mohammed AL-Mada'ni And His Role In Writing The History
(2001) Imad Azzam Jawabreh; Dr. Jama joudeh
Al-Mada 'ni was Ali Bin Mohammed Bin Abdullah Bin Abi sif , he was nicknamed Abi L-Hasan. his loyally was Qurashi, as he was loyalist to Samra Ibn Abd-rahman Ibn Habeeb Bin Abd Shams Al-Qurashi . lie was born in Al-basra in 135Hijri, it was expected that he grow up in Al-basra his hirth place, then moved to Al-Mada 'en to it he descended, then moved to Baghdad where he stayed till he died in 228 hijri, while sources didn 't mention his movement date from Al-Basra to Al-Mada 'en and from Al- Mada 'n 10 Baghdad or the period he he spent here or there. AL-Mada 'ni was very devoted to Ibrahim Al-Mousli, the poet and singer to the Caliphs and Ministers. so, he benefited from him scientifically, financially and socially. Sources indicated that he was related to the Caliph ALMammon through his several meetings with him. Despite that he had no political activity. During his last decade of his life, Al-mada 'ni tended to asceticism as he practtsed fasting and worshipping to agreat extent. Al-mada 'ni was distinguished by his abundant scientific produce, it li'as shown that he classified 256 papers and books, But, Alas, we haven't received except two books ou.t of them, they are :the book of Al.-Tazi and the Book of Al.-Mordafat . This study took interest in collecting all his historical traces from its original sources which maintained them, so the number of historical narrations was 5236 ones. These narrations were classified according to the subject and the succession of time, then comparing the news when it arrived in more sources .and fixing it in the earliest one, while the differences were fixed in the margins .It was noticed that Al-Mada 'ni dealt with the Islamic history through the universal history as he talked about the beginning (the human termj.till Al-watheq period(227- 232)Hijri ,through this he showed the first interest in the Islamic period especially the Ommayad and Abbassi, that is, the center of the world history is the Islamic history, this was shown by the major historians, especially AL- Tabari in 310 hijri. Obviously, Al-Mada 'ni was aware of the movement of history and its understanding is related to the social, literary and political situations and to the nation activities. Then he took interest in all these fields. What increased the importance of his narrations, is that he took them from different Islamic countries, as the history school was influenced by Al-Hadeeth school in the third century Hijri, we noticed that he took interest in the attribution in a clear way, So, all his narrations were attributed. Al-Mada 'ni was introduced as critic and scrutinizer, in the negation through his interference in the negation, fixing or clearing the news. Al-Mada 'ni was educated by group of AL-hadeeth scientists, he listened to them all, some of them were trustful while others were liars and weaker the litterateurs ,the tellers and the bibliographers, such as Maslama Bin Muharib (tutor of Jafar Bin Abi Jafar AL- Mansour) to Wh0111158 narrations were attributed .And 98 narrations were attributed to Sohim Bin hfis (Abo AL-ykazan) in 290 hijri ,And 52 narrations were attributed to Yazeed Bin Juodaba in 147 Hijri ,And52 narrations were attributed Ali Bin Mojahed Bin Mossalam AL-Kabli in 157 Hijri ,and Lout Bin Mokhannaf Al.-Azdi in 157 hijriand others. Agroup of Major narrators and historians were educated by Al-Mada 'ni. He had a ring, his students used to sit in narrating his books and discssing them, among them were Al-Basn.Al-Madani, Al.-shami andAlmasri and others. Most of them were classifiers and tellers.the most famous of his students whom he narrated, 11msOmr bin shebbha bn obeid bin Reeta Al-Nimri in 262 Hijri, /0 whom about 228 narration s were attributed, And Hammed bin AL- Alhareth Al-karaz 258 hijri to whom about 178 narration s were attributed. besides Al-Murdfat book. And AL hasan bin Al-mutawakel in 291 hijri . AL- Tazi book with 154 narration were attributed to him. And Ahmed bin obi khauthema , zuheir bin Harb bin Shaddad in 279 hijri ,96 narrations were attributed to him. And khlifa bin khayt bin abi obeyed AL- osfari, shabbab in 240 hijrt 78 narration were attributed to him. And zabeir bin Bakar bin Abdulelah bin Thabet AL- Asdi Ai-madeini in 256 Hijri about 38 narrations were attributed to him and the others. The size of attributions narrated by him, indicated the trust he enjoyed, this let him rank scientific degree, higher than his ancestors and formers. Al-Mada 'ni style was clear and simple. He used the dialogue method in the narrations, this gave, them an attentive scientific, literary form .He was interested in the time factor, the distances, the initial of things and locations of geographical places. He also quoted from the Holy Koran, Al-Hadeeth, the poetry and reconciliation treaties in most of his narrations to fix or to reject a particular news. With his abundant narration, Al-Mada 'ni was able to formulate developed society in the narrative school to transfer it to the historical school. Thus he was considered as one of the earlier historians. Besides, he took interest in the nation activities and his attempt to link them with the world history in a primitive way. So, major historians who come after him, directly, such as, Al- blather in279 Hijri, and Al-tabri in 310Hijri, depended on him.
The Arab Ba'th Socialist Party in Palestine And it's Role in The Palestinian National Movement Between 1948-1982
(2001) Abed Al Azeez Ameen Mosa Arar; Dr. Nezam Izat Abbasi
Popularity of the Arab National current which included both the Ba'th party and followers of Jamal Abed-Al- Naser. Simultaneously, The Palestinian political Entity current and the P.L.O were going up in popularity and reputation among people. Ba'th party gave great attention to Palestinian issue since 1959, thus, it illustrated the importance of the eminent role of the Palestinian people to liberate Palestine. Indeed, and after 1965, it adopted public liberation War to liberate Palestine. I Following the defeat 1967, it established two organizations, ALSai'qah (liberation War Vanguards) and the Arab liberation front. With these organizations Ba'th maintained the same idea to reject reconciliation with Zionism. And with its communities, they fought Against Jordanian and Lebanon attempts to cease militant actions. They also fought to defend the Palestinian Revolution in 1970 and 1976. Despite that, these two organizations were of less popularity Compared with (FAT H) and Popular front for the liberation of Palestine, since they were affected by political shocks and by the circumstances in both Iraq and Syria and the role of the tow played in towards the Palestinian cause The popularity of Sai' qa has declined, indeed it is eliminated in Palestine, whereas, the Arab Liberation Front is still active and taking part in the Palestinian uprising (Intifada), due to Iraqi, Ba'th support for the Palestinian issue. The Iraqi brave attitude to resist the Western American savage attack, has increased the popularity of (A. L. F) as a good means to encounter the western coalition.
إقطاعية بيسان ودورها في الصراع الإسلامي الفرنجي من سنة 492-690هـ / 1099-1291م
(2001) أسامة احمد عبد الرحمن حمد;
It was known in many other names such as Beithsan, Skethopolis, Nesa and the Sun city. The (Canaanites) built the city 4000 B.C. many peoples and civilization had controlled it, the Egyptians ruled it 1500 13.C. then the Israelis in 1200 B.C. and in the year 721 B.C. the (Ashories) had controlled it and then in the year 538 B.C. the Persians had their turn and controlled it. Alexander of Macadonia had occupied it in the year 323 B.C. The Greece had rehabileted it and called it Scythopolis. The (al-Batalesah) had ruled it in the year 302 B.C., then of 223-187 B.C. It was destroyed by the John Her Kanos al-Makabi in the year 129 B.C. Then the Romans had rebuilt it in the year of 62 B.C. and was one of the 10 cities alliance (Decapolis) and became the second capital of Palestine in the year 400 A.D. in the era of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantie). It was under the control of the Persians in 614 A.D. then it was recaptured by the Roman Empire in 629 A.D. but their control did not last long so as the Arab Muslims concqured it in 634 A.D. at Fahl Battle, and they moved the capital to Tibries. It remained under the Islamic rule I until 971 A.D., then it was under the rule of Byzantie Emire whose emeror was (Jeant Zimiseces), who took care of it and assigned a military governor and gave it high prestige, but this didn't last long so as the Byzantie emperor had left the area and went back to his country in 976 A.D. The (Saljuks) captured the city in 1070 A.D., and the conflict was flared between them and (fatimids) to control the Syrian Area and so it eas under the control of (Saljuks) and (fatimids) for different times, the situation remained to till the Crusades under the leadership of Tancerd conquered the city at Ashkelon Battle in 1099A.D. Since Beithsan is considered the key point of the Gallil Area to control the remaining provinces, Tancerd prepared an invasion for this purpose in August 1099 A.D. In march 1101 A.D. Beithsan (Constituency) was established by Adam the Bethun governor, it was given to him by the king of Jerusalem Baldwin I. It was big area so as Samaria mountains (Nablus) was its Southern boundry and the delta of Yarmouk and Jordan rivers was the northern boundary, the source of Jalout river and Taboun village the Western boundary and the Jordan river from the east. Its total area was 250 square K.M. , then it was extended to contain the area eastern of the Jordan River and Southern of the Yarmouk River. The (Constituency) followed the Western Constituencies system in which the land lord represent the highest command of authority then the (Feskont) whose responsibility is the security and order. (al-Muhtaseb) help the (Feskont) and act as his deputy in his absence, supervise road ethics, prevent deception, and assume the judge of the count of the city. Every village has mayor, the Crusades had found a judicery system that serve their constituencies system and so they established group of courts among them the high court which was founded in Beithsan in 1149 A.D., also the national court, the capital court and the president court. The Crusades had built the settlements such as al-Beireh and also they built the castles and military towards to defend the constituency in Beithsan, Kawkab al-Hawa, Afarbala, Afula. The Beithsan constituency had joined the King of Jerusalem in fighting the Muslims in 1101- 1187 A.D. , it had provided 15 Knight riders and 125 soldiers, It also participated in the war against (Fatimids) in the first Ramlah Battle in September 1101 A.D. Its role was acknowledged in the second Ramlah Battle whose leader was Adam, he fought the (Fatimids) in May 1102 A.D. It also participated in capturing Arsouf and Cesarea in 1100 A.D. , Akka in May 1104 A.D., Ashkelon in August 1153 A.D. The constituency had played are workable role in the conflict between the kingdom of Jerusalem and Damascus province, it had joined the king of Jerusalem in his repeated raids on al-Sawad province in the years 1105, 1108,1111 A.D. It also took part in the attacks of Damascus since 1148 A.D. as a result of the military high council desecion in the presence of Hugh of Besan. The constituency had faced many attacks as arevenge of the agressions of Baldwin II on al-Sawad and Huran provincies such as the attack by Dakkak in 1103 A.D., Dhahear al Din Taghtakeen in 1105 and 1113 A.D., Bezwash in 1131 A.D. and Nur al Din in 1169 A.D. In the second phase these attack became liberational was when Slah al Din care from Egypt to Syrian and started his raids on Beithsan and Gallili province, these raids carried out by the leaders Ezz al-Din Farukh Shah in 1182 A.D. The aim of these raids was to weaken the enemy and safe storage of supplies area.This was ended when Salah al-Din managed the conqure of the Jerusalem kingdom in 1187 A.D. and the liberation of Jerusalem even before the start of the battle. Slab al-Din took Beithsan after Hitteen Battle in 1187 A.D. as a headquarter base from where he attacks the rest of the castle of the constituency and the Palestinian cities. He appointed Sarem al-Din as his representative who had shared against the third crisades battle in Palestine in 1189 A.D. Which ended in Ramlah cease fire . Accord in September 1192 A.D. in which the Muslims kept under their control Beithsan and the internal cities. The governor of Beithsan Ezz-al-Din Osama had played adecisive role in the conflict among the (Ayyubids) after the death of the Sultan Slah al-Din in march 4,1 193A.D. He sided with the strongest and that encourged the Crusades to attack Beithsan and the Gallil province in 1201 A.D. Al-Moazam Isya put in Jail Ezz al-Din Osama and conflicted all his belongings in 1211 A.D.The Beithsan constituency was attacked by the crussades where leader was (John Brain) in 1217 A.D. he took by force the city and seized Tour castle but failedin conquring it, the leader kanded had defended it so bravely. The citizens of Beithsan togother with the people of Nablus and Hebron had joined in the attack of of the Crusades of Jerusalem in 1229 A.D. Al-Saleh Najm al- Din Ayyub had ruled it in 1239 A.D. then to the rule of alMoazam Turanshah in 1249 A.D. In 1250 A.D. the conflict flared between the (Ayyubids) and (Mamluks) on the control of Suria and as a result Beithsan was under the control of al-Naser Dawood. Beithsan came under the occupation in 1266 A.D. and remained so till Qutoz conqured them in Ain Jalut Battle in September15, 1260 A.D. Mamluks took agreat care of Beithsan so Qutoz appointed prince Shams al-Din as agovernor of the city. Sultan Daher Baibars built the bridges, the post office and land marks as it sided with Mamluken in the war against the Crussedes until! all the Palestinian cities were liberated in 1290 A.D. The people of the constituency were of different desencies of different religions but the political system was based on the (constituent) system of local social norms and habits, and as a result of colonial occupation, every aspect of life had been affected negatively especially sciences because the scientists had departure the city, and only velegous teaching were conducted in the churches. The three pilars of economy were agriculture , industry and trade and they were effected severly by the policies of the colonials through high taxes, and because the constituency was committed to provide horse rides, and supplies for the wars against Muslims in addition to earthquake and diseases. The constituency had been known of architectural structures, building castles and towers, bridges, landmarks.
Zionist Settlement in Jerusalem From 1967-1993
(2001) Mohammad Rachied Innab Hussein; Dr. Nezam Izat Abbasi
In Jewish religious thinking, Palestine, and Jerusalem in particular, occupied a high status. Jewish colonization of Palestine, on the other hand, formed the backbone of Jewish thinking (ideology).The religious nature also characterized this Jewish ideology. Therefore, the Zionists coloni - zation plans have targeted Jerusalem since the beginning of Jewish colonization blitz of Palestine. Montefiore residential quarter was the first Jewish form of colonization in Palestine. To have full control of the Holy City, the Zionist movement used all means at its disposal and received full British support during the British occupation of Palestine (1918-1948). When the Partition of Palestine was announced, and the Israeli-Arab war broke out, Israel was declared as a state and made Jerusalem its own capital. This action signaled a new wave of Jewish colonization of Jerusalem. After the 1967 June war, Arab East Jerusalem fell in the hands of the Israeli occupation forces. In 1982, during Menachem Begins term of leadership, Israel announced its annexation of East Jerusalem and officially declared Jerusalem as its "unified capital". To reinforce this status of Jerusalem, Israel has taken a munber of measures, both administrative and practical, to control the city. For example, it introduced and passed a number of laws all aimed at the Judaization of the city- . Israel also waged a campaign of massive land confiscation from the Palestinian Arabs especially between 1967-1993. During the same period, it controlled some 48~o of land belonging to Palestinians. It also established 15 Jewish colonies on an area which amounted to 39.9% of East Jerusalem land. It also closed 44% of its land and declared it "green areas" or reserve land for future Jewish colonization. The massive Jewish colonization in Jerusalem has rendered political, economic, demographic and social changes in the traditional character of Arab Jerusalem. The demographic change has formed the core of Israeli policy in Jerusalem which aims at making the population of the city dominantly-" Jewish and the Arabs only... a minority. This means the creation of a new political reality in the city which makes it impossible to change in any future negotiations. The Palestinians have strongly resisted the Jewish colonization policies in the city. However, this struggle has remained moral. It has never risen to the occasion of paralleling the massive colonization of the Arab city by Jews. In other words it has had so far little influence on the ground . .After 1967, the European and American positions changed towards the Arab- Israeli conflict. The Americans' and Europeans' policies stood against Jewish colonization in Jerusalem given their economic and political interests in the region and the then new international balance to face the then Soviet Union stance which had supported the Arabs political positions pertaining to the Arab-Israeli conflict. However, the European and American public political positions, defying Jewish colonization in Jerusalem, was accompanied with financial support to Israel, particularly from America and Germany. Israel pumped most of European and American money in the Jewish colonies. The American and European understanding, sympathy, tacit support and even collusion are crystal clear in the interactional arena, such as the UN, After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, and given the weakness and divisions among the Arab countries. the American and European have backed down in their anticolonization positions, in their policy consuming the status of Jerusalem and even in their positions in the U1.
دور الجمعيات الإسلامية المسيحية في الحركة الوطنية الفلسطينية في الفترة ما بين 1918-1931م
(2001) Ahmad Mahmmod Ahmad Al-hroub;
This research aims at pointing out the Islamic - Christian Societies which formed the first aspect (phase) of the organized political perception in the Palestinian consciousness. It also aims at pointing out the role of these societies in the national Palestinian movement between ''i' A- , 'ii' A.D. specially if we know that those societies formed the public base of the this movement. The researcher was encouraged to deal with this issue because of the lack specialized studies in this field , regardless of the great many researches issued on the Palestinian crisis during the British mandate. These studies didn't discuss the thesis ( subject-matter) of these societies in details . So , we can say that these researches only gave definition of these societies . The research procedures depend ultimately on the references and primary sources available which talk directly or indirectly about these societies . The researcher depends on the chronically sequences to classify the information . to clarify everything of his research , the researcher divided his research into five chapters and an epilogue besides tables and appendixes . The first chapter discusses the subject matter of these societies , their nature , their beginning & establishment, their procedures , aims , branches in the Palestinian societies , and their development . Then the researcher moved to their role in the national movement ; so he talked about the national conferences and the role of these societies in these conferences . He stated the societies activities in the face of ( King - Krin) American committee and the Public Syrian Conference and the role of these societies in supporting the Palestinian delegation . Then he talked about the demonstrations and disturbance which spread through Palestine ; he talked about all the events which the Islamic and Christian societies had a role in it . After that , the researcher talked about the role of these societies' in confronting the Zionist movement and the British government . In the first section , he pointed at these societies' activities against the Zionist mission & Jewish emigration and defending the Arab lands against the Zionist greediness; and confronting the Jewish armament and Rotenberg proposal and the establishment of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. In the second section he talked about their role in confronting the British Government on the political issue and reconciliation proposals , and on the administrative issue and government laws . At last the researcher talked about the detachment in the national movement and the effect of this detachment on the Islamic - Christian societies . He talked about the Zionist attempts to separate ( break up ) the "lines" of the Palestinian National Movement: the establishment of the Islamic National .j ". Society, then the National Party , the "Parties of Peasants" and the "Villages Co-operation Society" and the "Party of the Natives" and the effects of these societies & parties on the Islamic - Christian Societies . The relation between lslamics and the Arab official systems vibrated during the last three decades in the twentieth century. Political violence got more ethel more after Sep. 11lh 2001 through financial and security pursuit and security coordination with the Americans... etc in the American campaign on "terrorism". This campaign resulted 1Il the Islamic and their supporters through their rushing in political participation 1I1 any elections in every Arab country and practicing armed violence against exterior fores. This fact shows that lslamics felt that they were the target of the American war on "terrorism" and emphasizes the absence of Arab social voice and the extreme need for it. So I believe that there is an urgent need to have a real political development comprising all the political to give the chance for energies and inventions to overcome tyrany and aggression falling upon Arab societies by political systems.
The Relationship Between the Umayyad Emirate in Andalusia with Christian Kingdoms in Spain (138-300 Hijri / 755-912 AD)
(2001) Sayda Abdelfatah Anees Sweilem; Dr. Hisham Abu Irmailah
This study discussed the relationships between the Islamic Andalusia with Christian Spain during the Umayyad Emirate. It contains four chapters : Chapter One discusses the conditions of Islamic Andalusia that affected its relationships with Christian Spain. It includes the external threats represented by the failing Charlemagne campaign at Saragossa in 161 Hijri (778 AD) , the Abbasid attempt to recapture Andalusia through their support of opponent movements, and finally the Norman attacks at the Andalusian coasts and the devastation they left behind them. But the biggest danger came from within Islamic Andalusia itself represented by the conflict among some of the princes and their alliances with the enemy. In addition, the social classes of the Andalusian society lacked harmony, which increased the number of rebels who took part in tribal and factional conflicts. They also sought alliance with the Christians of the north against the government of Cordoba. Another factor that made up a major obstacle for the government of Cordoba is the difficulties of the geographical features that increased the duration of some rebellions that sometimes lasted for many long years such as the rebellion of Omar Ben Hafson. Chapter Two discusses the origin and development of the Christian Kingdoms during the Emirate age. The first Christian assembly against Muslims started at the Austria region ( 98 Hijri / 716 AD ). By this movement, the Recon quest started in slow but firm steps. In the year 294 Hijri / 910 AD, the capital was moved to leon and this Kingdom was henceforth known as the Kingdom of leon. The second Christian assembly was known as the Kingdom of Nabra whose base was the fortified Pambelona, which was inhabited by a strong population known as the Bushkan. This Kingdom became independent towards the end of the second Hijri century, the eighth century AD. The third Christian assembly was the Catalonia Emirate whose base was Barcelona which was established after the fall of Barcelona in 185 Hijri, 801 AD. This Emirate was ruled by a number of Lords who were subordinates of the French kings. However, this subordination to the French kings did not last long; Catalonia became independent during the third Hijri century/ the ninth century AD. After studying the north Spanish Christian assembly centers, it was necessary to identify the internal conditions there and to what extent they contributed to strengthening the Recon quest movement. Despite the fact that the conditions of Christian Spain were not much better than the conditions of its neighbor due to the tyranny of its kings, noblemen, and clergymen in addition to the weakness of the Spanish economy. Nevertheless, it was always able to achieve new gains at the expense of Islamic Andalusia, not because of its self-power and military supremacy as much as the weak internal Islamic front. The fourth chapter discusses the civilization relationship between Islamic Andalusia and Christian Spain during the Emirate age. Despite the continuous wars between the two sides, they had wide civilization relationships of which the Christians of north Spain made the best. However, although they were enchanted by this great civilization, they did not forget prime objective- brining Spain back to Christianity.
Qalqilya And June, 1967 War, Documental Study
(2001) Izdehar Mohammad Rabi; Bahjat Hussein Sabri
Qalqilia was called like this since the Roman period with some difference. This name has some explanations and it is situated in one of the most important places. It's population work in agriculture, commerce and other administrative jobs. There are four big families. It is surrounded by historical places such as Surakas Mazar, the mazar of shamoun-the prophet, Kherbat Hanouta and Khirbat Sufin. It was developed in the period of the British in the building and agricultural. But it had been considered as a small Village. Through this period some battles took place between the Arabs and the Israelis. If the English people didn't participate, the end of the war was to the benefit of Arabs. Qalqilia developed through the Jordanian time from the management side. Then it became part of Tulkarm District. In 1956 it was the centre of the District with a manager who was called Yahia AI-Droubi . In the Jordanian period some battles happened that had great effects such as: 1.The Markaz Battle which happened on the to" of October 1956. 2. Exploding the oil station, which happened on the 2th of May 1965. 3. Exploding the wells, which happened on the 5th of September 1965. The Israelis defeated it many times till it was captured by the Israelis in the war of the 5th of June, 1967. The city was fired by planes from many directions. The Jordanian defense plan was of Hussein. It depended on three kinds of defense: 1.The defense of the army behind the screen. 2. The first defensive line. 3.The second defensive line. But the Israeli plan depended on the three mean directions. One of Hebron. The second of Ramallah. The third of Jenin. The Israeli army entered the city from the eastern side of Azzon. It was captured (occupied) completely on the 6th of June 1967 and the Jews wandered inside it. The capturing of the city resulted (caused) in killing a number of its young, old, women, and children. Also a number of the houses were damaged and others were burnt. The people of the city were forced to leave it. Where the Jews followed a trick to tell the people, who were living there, about 15,000 people, left the city. This thing affected the surrounding villages and cities. The people of the city went to the neighboring areas. After the people had left, many of the buildings were destroyed All the people met and decided to return. Great efforts with the cooperation of the head of municipality. AI-Haj Hussein Sabri and the head of Nablus municipality Mr. Hamdi Kan'an and AI-Shikh Said Sabri who had an active role in the returning of the people. The people returned after some repairs which were partial and easy completed later. The people returned after 23 days. The city was affected in different ways such as the commercial side where more than 240 traders were affected. The agricultural, also the animals weren't saved. As a result of these great damages' money and other things helped the people and a committee was organized to give help to people. The war of the 5th of June 1967 had great effect on the general situations in the city after the people had returned socially which resulted the marriage and divorce. Also, economically where it affected commerce, work and it pushed the people backward and stopped before. This thing rose anew problem of the things owned by the people who left. It also affected the education when the school year was postponed and many of the teachers left. It also affected the health where the hospital and doctors were affected and water became UN clean. The last thing it affected the religion some way.

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