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ON SOME PROPERTIES OF UU AND UJ RINGS
(An-najah National University, 2025-01-15) Hantouli, Maisoon
In 2015, Grigore Calugareanu introduced and studied UU-rings as a new class of rings.
He named a ring R by a UU-ring if each unit element x of R is of the form, x = 1 + n,
for some t ∈ N il(R) (N il(R) denotes the set of nil-potent elements of R). He discussed
some basic properties of these rings and provided some basic examples of UU and nonUU-rings. More properties and characterizations of UU-rings were provided by Peter
Vassilev Danchev and Tsit-Yuen Lam in 2016. The first part of this thesis aims to reproduce and validate the work done in the literature about the UU-ring property, as well as
discuss more properties of such rings. For example, in Chapter 2, we study the transfer of
the UU-ring property in different ring extensions; such as the product of rings, the matrix
ring, the polynomial ring, and the trivial ring extension.
In 2017, M. Tamer Kosan, Andre Leroy, and Jerzy Matszuk investigated another new ring
concept and called it UJ rings. They defined a ring R to be a UJ ring if each unit element
x of R can be written in the form x = 1 + j, for some j ∈ J(R) (J(R) denotes the
Jacobson-radical of R). It is well known that in the commutative case N il(R) ⊆ J(R)
and so that the class of UU-rings is a subclass of the class of UJ rings. The second part of
this thesis is devoted to studying the UJ ring property and discussing some of its relations
with other ring concepts such as UU-rings, clean rings, and nil-clean rings, ..., also to
determine the transfer of UJ property in the polynomial ring and its relation with Kothe’s
problem.
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DETERMINANTS AND OUTCOME INDICATORS FOR PATIENT SAFETY CULTURE AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS AT AN-NAJAH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, NABLUS, PALESTINE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
(An-Najah National University, 2025-04-16) Kharof, Hamza
Background: Globally, patient safety culture (PSC) is key to improving healthcare efficiency. In Palestine, PSC enhances patient trust, reduces medical errors, and raises care standards. Despite challenges, organizations aim to improve healthcare sustainability by implementing efficient reporting and training systems. This study aimed to assess the PSC among healthcare staff at An-Najah National University Hospital (NNUH), the only accredited academic medical center in the West Bank.
Methods: A convenience sample of 232 healthcare providers, excluding part-time, new staff with less than six months of experience, and contracted services, participated between June 25, 2023, and July 8, 2023. Data collection utilized an online platform (SurveyMonkey) and the Arabic-translated version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC 2.0) to
Results: This study assessed patient safety culture (PSC) at An-Najah National University Hospital, revealing positive evaluations, with teamwork and continuous improvement as strengths. Response to error and staffing were areas for improvement.
Conclusion: adopting proactive strategies is crucial to build a strong PSC organization; these findings are essential for hospital leadership to support staff and formulate effective patient safety programs.
Keywords: Patient Safety, Perception, HSOPSC, Healthcare Providers.
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OPTIMIZING CASH MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES (ATMS) IN PALESTINE: ENHANCING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS
(An-Najah National University, 2025-02-25) Shehadeh, Rabab
Nowadays, banks aim to maintain a solid Automated Teller Machines (ATM) cash replenishment system for the sake of business success and service delivery. An adequate cash replenishment system is critical for maintaining sufficient cash, optimizing operational costs, and improving customer satisfaction on the provided service. Our research aims at solving an ATM cash replenishment vehicle routing problem that integrates environmental, economic, and social sustainability. More specifically, our approach intends to implement a Replenishment Pull System Methodology with three different stock levels to ensure that ATMs are sufficiently loaded with cash. In addition, our approach extends the realism of the research problem by considering two types of ATMs, which are classical and recycle ATMs, to investigate the benefits and profitability of employing recycle ATMs. Furthermore, to ensure business success, our model considers the costs associated with cash management system by minimizing the operational costs. Also, the social factor was studied by maximizing customer satisfaction by ensuring the ATMs are continuously loaded with sufficient amounts of cash. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA) was employed to solve the developed model, because of its high capability to solve multi-objective vehicle routing problems. Results revealed the relationship between cash withdrawal, cash deposit, and the location of the ATMs, in addition to assessing the feasibility of employing recycle ATMs rather than classical ones. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate the effect of altering the number of cash in transit vehicles and ATMs. The execution of the developed model in the banking sector results in advantages for service providers, mainly in terms of reducing the operational costs associated with the cash management system, in addition to achieving customer satisfaction.
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TREATMENT SATISFACTION AND ATTITUDES TOWARD TAKING MEDICATIONS AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM PALESTINE
(An-Najah National University, 2025-02-13) Kareman, Yaseen
Background: Millions of patients are living with hypertension worldwide. This study aimed to assess the attitudes of hypertensive patients toward taking antihypertensive medications and their satisfaction with the treatment.
Methods: This research employed a cross-sectional design with a questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. This study was conducted in the primary healthcare centers of the Ministry of Health in Nablus, West Bank, Palestine. In addition to the demographic and clinical variables, the questionnaire also included the Arabic translated and culturally adapted Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10) and the Arabic version of the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM).
Results: In this study, 356 patients with hypertension were included. More than half of the patients (57.6%, n = 205) were on amlodipine. Additionally, valsartan was used by 117 (32.9%) of the patients. The vast majority of the patients (95.2%) believed that they benefited from their antihypertensive drugs, and in their opinion, the benefits of their antihypertensive drugs outweighed the drawbacks. The vast majority of the patients (95.2 %) believed that they benefited from their antihypertensive drugs, and in their opinion, the benefits of their antihypertensive drugs outweighed the drawbacks. The Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10) measures the attitudes and adherence of hypertensive patients toward their antihypertensive medications via 10 statements. The DAI-10 scores were affected by the time since diagnosis (p = 0.004), presence of a documented food or drug allergy (p < 0.001), body mass index (p = 0.004), perceived effectiveness of the antihypertensive medications (p = 0.010), side effects (p = 0.001), convenience (p = 0.040), and global satisfaction scores (p < 0.001). The perceived effectiveness of antihypertensive medications was affected by side effect scores (p = 0.002), convenience scores (p < 0.001), and global satisfaction scores (p < 0.001). The global satisfaction scores were affected by the time since diagnosis (p = 0.008), DAI-10 score (p < 0.001), perceived effectiveness of antihypertensive medications (p < 0.001), and side effects (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: The findings of this study revealed positive attitudes and high levels of satisfaction with antihypertensive medications among patients, especially with respect to the perceived effectiveness and convenience of antihypertensive medications. The time elapsed since diagnosis with hypertension, the presence of documented allergies, and high BMI are important factors that can predict negative attitudes and low satisfaction with treatment. Healthcare providers and decision makers should consider measures to improve, maintain, and support positive attitudes and satisfaction with treatment among hypertensive patients.
Keywords: Attitudes, Satisfaction, Hypertension, Antihypertensive medications, Treatment, Cardiovascular disease, Primary healthcare
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VARIATIONS OF THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ARTEMISIA, CHILIADENUS IPHIONOIDES, TEUCRIUM POLIUM. ESSENTIAL OILS FROM JERICHO-PALESTINE
(An-Najah National University, 2025-03-08) Saed, Eman
The growing fascination with medicinal plants is primarily due to the perception that certain plants can treat various conditions without causing negative side effects. In our region, three common herbs, Artemisia, Chiliadenus iphionoides, and Teucrium polium, have been employed in several traditional treatments for a considerable duration. This study aims to examine the chemical compositions of the essential oils (EO) from Artemisia, C. iphionoides, and T.polium gathered in Jericho, as well as their antioxidant, antibacterial, antilipase, and anti-amylase properties. Essential oils were extracted from Artemisia, C. phionoides, and T.polium using hydrodistillation, with their chemical contents characterized subjectively and quantitatively via GC-MS analysis. The antioxidant efficacy of the essential oils was evaluated by inhibiting 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. The micro-dilution technique was employed to assess antibacterial efficacy. The anti-lipase activity was assessed utilizing p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB). The activity of anti-amylase was evaluated utilizing 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA). Seventeen chemicals were found in T. Polium, of which E-nerolidol (27.11%), geranyl acetone (23.26%), germacrene D (19.08%), β-caryophyllene (17.78%), α-caryophyllene (3.35%), and bicyclo germacrene (3.08%) as the major constituents. In C.iphionoides, 47 chemicals were found, comprising 98.81% of the total oil, with cresol methyl ether (52.93%), ethyl oct-2-note (14.36%), epi-cadinol (6.56%), 1,8-cineole (4.25%), and epi-α-eudesmol (3.66%) being the major constituents. Fifty-one chemicals were discovered in Artemisia, with 1,8-cineole (28.67%) as the predominant component, followed by trans-thujone (24.0%), cis-thujone (17.69%), camphor (12.76%), and terpinen-4-ol (8.34%).
The essential oils of T. Polium, C. iphionoides, and Artemisia leaves exhibited notable antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 19.18± 0.34 µg/mL, 17.03± 0.59 µg/mL, and 35.00± 0.47 µg/mL, respectively. The 1:1 mixtures of Artemisia essential oil (EO) with C. iphionoides EO, Artemisia EO with T. Polium EO, and C.iphionoides EO with T. Polium EO showed comparable antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 17.13 ± 0.70 µg/mL, 28.96 ± 0.16 µg/mL, and 18.47 ± 0.86 µg/mL, respectively, all of which are less effective than Trolox (IC50 = 4.3 ± 0.58 µg/mL).Artemisia essential oil and C. iphionoides EO exhibited moderate antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 3.906 and 31.3 µL/mL and MBC values of 250.0 µL/mL. T.Polium had negligible antibacterial activity. The extracted essential oil demonstrated inhibitory effects on swine pancreatic lipase, with IC50 values of 534±0.19 µg/mL for Artemisia, 368.13±0.62 µg/mL for T.polium, and 931.58±0.91 µg/mL for C. iphionoides. The isolated essential oil demonstrated α-amylase inhibitory action with IC50 values of 569 ± 0.20 for Artemisia, 569 ± 0.20 µg/mL for T. Polium and 1550 ± 0.25 µg/mL for C. iphionoides.