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ASSESSMENT AND RISK MANAGEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTED URBAN ROADS- CASE STUDY: MUNICIPALITIES OF SOUTH NABLUS
(An-Najah National University, 2026-05-25) Odai jamal Mustafa odeh
Background: Road construction projects carry a significant amount of risk due to their spread over a wide geographical area and their exposure to underground conditions. Risk can be defined as an event characterized by uncertainty, and this uncertainty is measured in terms of its probability of occurrence. Understanding risks in early project stages enables project managers to mitigate impacts and enhance efficiency through effective risk management. This involves identifying, analyzing, and implementing methods to minimize risks while appropriately allocating them to contracting parties, including owners, consultants, and contractors. , Aims: The main objectives of the research are to identify and analyze risk factors, their severity, and their allocation from the perspectives of public general road users and stakeholders.; to propose risk prevention and mitigation measures; and to strengthen the resilience of roads in the targeted municipalities. Methodology: The research methodology includes five municipalities in southern Nablus, utilizing data from ten streets in each area based on relevant factors. Structured interviews with a questionnaire gathered detailed information, which was analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Average Weighted methods (AWE) to create a comprehensive risk index. Main results: The main results include evaluating the current situation in risk management, identifying the most common risks after the implementation period, and examining major models used in risk assessment and Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA). Conclusions of the study: The findings suggest several recommendations for evaluating the status of road projects post-implementation, based on a survey of drivers and road users. Risk factors for municipalities were assessed on a 5-point scale, revealing Aqraba as the least risky (1.94), followed by Qablan (1.96), Huwara (2.53), Beita (2.70), and Jammaein (2.97).
ASSESSING EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT STAFF KNOWLEDGE, COMPETENCY, AND IMPLEMENTATION OF TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE IN WEST BANK HOSPITALS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
(An-Najah National University, 2026-05-14) Salah, Wafa
Background: Both patients and clinicians frequently face trauma exposure in the emergency department (ED). Trauma is characterized by a sequence of incidents or situations that adversely affect a person's mental, physical, social, emotional, or spiritual health. Promoting a culture of responsiveness to the effects of trauma and active resistance to re-traumatization is the foundation of trauma-informed care, a framework for service delivery that is founded on knowledge and understanding of how trauma impacts people's lives as well as their health service needs. Aim: To assess emergency department nursing knowledge, competency, and implementation of trauma-informed care in North West Bank hospitals Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study design was conducted in the emergency department at private and governmental Hospitals in the North West Bank. The target population was all emergency department nurses in hospitals who met the inclusion criteria. Convenience sampling was used with a sample size of 158 emergency department nurses. In addition to a demographic questionnaire, the study employed the Trauma-Informed Care Provider Survey v2.0 to evaluate nurses' knowledge, attitudes, competence, perceived barriers, and behaviors regarding trauma- informed care. 13 Result: Over half (53.2%) had never been trained in trauma-informed treatment (TIC). Overall, nurses showed positive attitudes (mean = 21.0 ± 2.0) and enough trauma- informed treatment knowledge (mean = 35.16 ± 3.47). The majority of participants (>90%) stated that they were somewhat or extremely skilled in providing trauma- informed treatment, especially in patient communication and emotional support. Lack of organizational support (90.5%), lack of training (89.9%), and ambiguous trauma- informed treatment requirements (89.2%) were often mentioned as obstacles. Despite these obstacles, most reported using trauma-informed treatment techniques regularly, including detecting distress (86.7%) and controlling patient anxiety (90.5%). Except for age, which was substantially correlated with worry about re-traumatizing patients (p =.027), no significant correlations were discovered between demographic characteristics and trauma-informed treatment knowledge, attitudes, or competence. Conclusion: This study provides insightful information about the knowledge, abilities, difficulties, and implementation of trauma-informed treatment among emergency department nurses. The findings indicate that emergency department nurses a moderate to high degree of skill in using trauma-informed treatment principles and an appropriate level of knowledge. They showed a solid understanding of the psychological effects of trauma and the significance of offering supportive treatment.
THE HEALTH CHALLENGES OF WOMEN DURING THE 7 OCTOBER WAR AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS AMONG WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE: CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY FROM GAZA
(An-Najah National University, 2026-05-10) Morgan, Shorouq
Background: Armed conflicts have profound and disproportionate effects on women’s health, particularly among women of childbearing age. Since the outbreak of the 7 October war in Gaza, women have faced severe disruptions in healthcare services, food systems, and living conditions, alongside continuous exposure to traumatic events. These conditions have significantly increased health challenges, food insecurity, and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet empirical data addressing the interrelationship between these factors remain limited. Objective: This study aims to determine the association between women’s health challenges during the 7 October war and post-traumatic stress, nutritional status, and household food insecurity among women of childbearing age in the Gaza Strip. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted between April and June 2025 among women aged 18–45 years residing in the five governorates of the Gaza Strip. A convenience sample of 400 women will be recruited. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. The questionnaire assesses socio-demographic characteristics, displacement-related factors, reproductive and general health challenges, and access to healthcare services. PTSD symptoms have been measured using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), while household food insecurity has been assessed using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). Descriptive statistics summarize participant characteristics, and chi-square tests have been used to examine associations between women’s health challenges, PTSD, nutritional status indicators, and food insecurity. Results: The study is expected to reveal a high prevalence of health challenges, PTSD symptoms, and food insecurity among women of childbearing age in Gaza. Significant associations are anticipated between war-related health challenges and increased levels of post-traumatic stress, poor nutritional status, and household food insecurity. Conclusion: This study provides critical evidence on the multidimensional impact of the 7 October war on women’s health in Gaza. The findings are expected to inform policymakers, healthcare providers, and humanitarian organizations in developing gender-sensitive, integrated interventions that address physical health, mental health, and food security needs of women in conflict settings.
SELF-COMPASSION AS A MEDIATOR IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE WOUNDED HEALER EXPERIENCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE AMONG MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN ONGOING-TRAUMA CONTEXTS
(An-Najah National University, 2026-06-21) Khatib, Rawan
This study aimed to examine the relationship between the wounded healer experience and psychological resilience among mental health professionals working in ongoing trauma contexts, while investigating the mediating role of self-compassion in this relationship. The study adopted a quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational design. Standardized instruments were utilized, including the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) scale to measure the wounded healer experience, the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). The study population consisted of mental health professionals in Palestine , and the main sample included (125) participants selected through purposive sampling. The findings revealed that the prevalence of the wounded healer experience among participants was remarkably high, with the majority reporting high levels of adverse childhood experiences. The results also indicated that both self-compassion and psychological resilience were high among mental health professionals. Although the structural model showed a positive relationship between the wounded healer experience and psychological resilience, this relationship was not statistically significant. In contrast, self-compassion demonstrated a statistically significant positive relationship with psychological resilience. Furthermore, the findings showed that self-compassion did not mediate the relationship between the wounded healer experience and psychological resilience. Based on these findings, the study recommended the development of professional support programs addressing mental health practitioners’ personal experiences, alongside implementing workshops to enhance self-awareness, emotional regulation, and self-compassion to support resilience in ongoing-trauma work environments.
VIRTUAL REALITY IN PAIN MANAGEMENT: A SYSTEMATIC SCOPING REVIEW OF CLINICAL TRIALS
(An-Najah National University, 2026-07-02) Hamadi, Sajeda Najeh Mahmoud
Background: The management of procedural and chronic pain in pediatric oncology remains a critical challenge, often characterized by undertreatment and reliance on pharmacological interventions with significant side effects. Virtual Reality has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological modality to ameliorate the physiological and psychological burden of medical treatments. Objective: This systematic scoping review aimed to map and synthesize global clinical trial evidence regarding the efficacy, safety, and application of virtual reality interventions for pain management specifically within the pediatric cancer population. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials and clinical trials published up to 2025. All eligible studies available at the time of the search were included, with the exception of studies published in 2026. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Data were extracted on study characteristics, Virtual Reality interventions, and outcomes including pain intensity, anxiety, and adverse events. Results: Ten studies involving 433 participants met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (80%) were published after 2020. Findings indicate that immersive Virtual Reality significantly reduces procedural pain in approximately 50% of studies, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to large. Significant reductions in anxiety and fear were also consistently reported. No serious adverse events were documented. Conclusion: Virtual Reality represents a safe and effective adjunctive intervention for managing acute procedural pain and anxiety in children with cancer. While the evidence is promising, methodological heterogeneity and small sample sizes necessitate further high-quality, large-scale randomized control trials to standardize protocols and confirm long-term efficacy.