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SEXUAL HORMONES MARKER AMONG PREVIOUS CO- EDUCATIONAL VS NON CO- EDUCATIONAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
(An-Najah National University, 2026-05-04) AlAghbar, Esraa
Introduction: While several studies have discussed the hormonal variations across educational settings, a notable gap exists in terms of understanding the long-term effects of educational background on sexual hormone regulation, in addition to the influence of several factors, such as stress, physical activity, diet, sleep and social dynamics. The current study aimed to investigate the differences in estradiol and testosterone as main sexual hormones across, and psychological distress, among university students from coeducational and non-coeducational backgrounds, as well as the most common related sociodemographic, health-related, reproductive health and psychological factors that affect such differences among An-Najah National University Students. Methods: A comparative, cross-sectional design was applied on a sample of 300 first-year students of humanities and scientific faculties at An-Najah National University. Collected data included blood samples for sexual hormones (analyzed using Abbott ARCHITECT Assay Kits) and self-reported questionnaire for demographic and other health factors and DASS-42 tool. Data were collected with respect of ethical considerations of anonymity and confidentiality, and were analyzed using SPSS software. • Results: There are significant differences in sexual hormone markers between students in coeducational and non-coeducational settings at An-Najah National University at the level of p < 0.05. Which Females from non-co-educational backgrounds showed higher estradiol levels and Males from non-co-educational backgrounds showed higher testosterone levels. The median scores of DASS-42 tool were 29 for depression (55.7% extremely severe), 26 for anxiety (48.3% severe) and 28 for stress (35.3% severe) out of 42, with 93.3% and 98.0% having normal estradiol and testosterone levels, respectively. Higher sexual hormones and DASS-42 scores were significantly found among students of non-coeducational backgrounds. Among other factors, stress scores predicted estradiol levels among females, while anxiety scores predicted testosterone levels among male students. Conclusion: The current study succeeded in providing a psychoneuroendocrine model to assess the continuity of psychological-hormonal nature between coeducational and non-coeducational backgrounds from puberty to early adulthood phases. The findings agreed with several proposed theories on related links in this scientific area, with the recommendation of expanding populations in Palestine to gather insights from broader contexts. It is also recommended to conduct further qualitative studies, compare findings with Western countries, and include further factors, like sleep and nutrition.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING ADHERENCE AND NON-ADHERENCE TO STATINS USING A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN PALESTINE
(An-Najah National University, 2026-04-21) Afana, Ladees
Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases are one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Statins are significant in the management of lipids and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, but their adverse clinical association are greatly hindered by low adherence to medications. Objectives The purpose of the research was to determine the rate of adherence with statin therapy among Palestinian patients and to determine the demographic, behavioral, psychosocial, and economical factors associated to adherence. Methodology A cross-sectional analysis of 379 statin using patients was done. Pharmacies and outpatient clinics all across the West Bank in Palestine were sampled by using a paper questionnaire which comprised of sociodemographic, economic and behavioral variables. The rate of statin adherence was assessed with the help of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), and the attitude of a patient concerning statin therapy was measured with the help of Attitude Score. Statistical analyses were non- parametric and Chi-square tests that were used to analyze the association between independent variables and adherence levels. Results The low adherence rate was 73.6%, moderate adherence was 25.3% and high adherence was 1.1% out of the 379 patients. There was no statistically significant association between statin adherence and age and sex, education level and place of residence (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, the association between statin adherence and smoking (p < 0.001), type of health insurance (p = 0.029), costs of medication (p < 0.001), and social support (p < 0.001) were found to be statistically significant. Poor adherence was associated to behavioral factors, including forgetfulness, drug stopping when the symptoms are better, and disruption during traveling. Statistically significant relationship did not exist between familial hypercholesterolemia and adherence to statins (p > 0.05). Conclusions adherence to statin therapy is very low among the Palestinians. Adherence was mostly dependent on behavioral and socioeconomic factors as opposed to demographic characteristics. In routine clinical practice, cardiovascular outcomes and interventions need to be optimized through the use of targeted interventions, such as pharmacist-led education, follow-up, cost-reduction, and family involvement interventions. Keywords Statins adherence, Hypercholesterolemia, MMAS-8, Cross-sectional study, Medication adherence
PopMatic
(Dr. Loai Malhis, 2025-10-07) Yazan Saleh; Anwar Baker
The rising demand for automated snack preparation machines has motivated the development of Popmatic, an automated popcorn production line designed to prepare flavored popcorn cups with minimal human intervention. The system integrates an Arduino Mega microcontroller to control the entire workflow, including corn dispensing, oil pumping, spice distribution, mixing, heating, and automated serving through a conveyor mechanism. The machine provides three operation modes accessible via a keypad: Mode 1 (corn with salt and paprika), Mode 2 (corn with salt), and Mode 3 (corn with salt & double paprika). Each mode follows a predefined sequence that begins with preparing the cooking pot, dispensing the ingredients, and activating the heater and mixing motor. During this process, a DVD-drive mechanism pushes a cup onto a conveyor belt, which stops at the correct position using an IR sensor. After cooking, a stepper motor tilts the pot to pour the popcorn into the cup, which is then transported to the output by the conveyor. To enhance usability, an LCD display is included to show the stages of operation in real-time, such as “Dispensing Corn,” “Adding Oil,” “Heating,” “Pouring,” and “Serving.” This feature improves user interaction by providing clear feedback on system status. Additional components include ultrasonic sensors to monitor corn levels, a fan for ventilation, and relays for safe heater control. The system demonstrates how embedded systems, mechatronics, and automation can be combined to design a compact, low-cost, and efficient food production prototype
KIRA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(Dr.Abdallah Rashed, 2026-02-05) Anwar Mustafa Baker; Nimer Ziad Assad
Kira is a management system designed for IT companies, controlling tasks and projects. It also provides a chat system for employees and trainers, allowing them to upload their files. One of its key features is an AI system that filters the resumes of trainers and job applicants based on their skills and years of experience and the other main feature is an AI assistant provided with system internally to help to users, and the user able to filter the emails depending anny thing he want like topic or title or time or whatever he want beacuse the system can be connected to the email of the user and he can arrange his emaila as he like, there are four user roles : Admin, HR, User, Trainer. and ther other platform of the kira project is personal platform which designed to help the user to manage his daily task and its open for all people to use it and manage theirtime effeictively. Kira is built using MongoDB, REST Express Nodejs Framework for the backend, React Framework for web and Expo React Native for mobile app.
LASER- ASSISTED BIOMASS-BASED ACTIVATED CARBON: PREPARATION AND APPLICATIONS
(An-Najah National University, 2026-04-15) Jabr, Ahmad Saifeddein Ameen
This study evaluated the use of Laser-Treated Activated Carbon derived from waste biomass, namely, date stones in the fields of energy storage and wastewater treatment. For these purposes, electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) assembly and Methylene Blue contaminated water were used. In this work, biochar was prepared from waste date stones through thermal carbonization process under nitrogen purge. It was chemically activated using Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) and Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) with 1:2 impregnation weight ratio separately. Prepared powder was then laser-treated using pulsed Nd-YAG laser at its fundamental frequency (1064 nm). All laser-treated samples outperformed non-treated ones in porosity measurements especially specific surface area, micro and meso-porosities. They also showed improved surface chemistry in the form of newly developed oxygen containing functional groups. SEM micrographs revealed that laser-treated samples showed higher surface roughness coinciding with X-ray diffractograms which showed lower crystallinity ratios. For energy storage, laser-treated ZnCl2 activated carbon electrodes outperformed non-treated ones in different electrochemical tests. They showed 80% enhancement in specific capacitance, 21% reduction in equivalent series resistance, longer charging-discharging time and enhanced capacitance retention over 10000 cycles. For wastewater treatment, laser-treated KOH-activated carbon outperformed non-treated counterparts in methylene blue (MB) adsorption following Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. It also showed improved kinetics following pseudo 2nd order (PSO) model. Specifically, laser-treated samples showed about 350%, 398%, 369% and 406% enhancements in qmax, PSO kinetics, heterogeneity and initial adsorption rate respectively. Both testing regimes emphasize the efficacy of implanting pulsed laser energy as a single step post treatment method for tailoring the characteristics of chemically activated carbon.