Physical Education

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The Effect of Proposed Training Program on Selected Physical and Technical Variables Among Junior Soccer Players in Governate of Nablus
(2011) Raid Faik Qassem Hussin; D. Badr Dwaikat
The study aims at introducing the effect of a proposed training program of 8 weeks, 3 training weekly units on developing some physical elements (speed, power, fitness, endurance) and skills (ball control, scoring, passing, running with the ball, throw) for soccer juniors at the Soccer clubs at the Islamic Schools. The study sample included 40 players below the age of 12, whom were divided into 2 groups: experimental one and controlling one. The experimental group undertook the proposed training program designed by the researcher. While the controlling group undertook the traditional one. The researcher used the experimental methodology to cope with the nature of the study and in order to achieve the main goal. 5 physical tests and 5 skills tests were made (before and after) SPSS program was also employed and after processing all results the researcher found out that the proposed training program achieved positive results and indicators that affected the development of all study variables and the experimental group outdid the controlling one in all variables of the study. The researcher recommends providing soccer trainers with the results of this study in order to alleviate the physical and skill levels for the soccer players and consider the proposed training program to develop the junior players and then organize similar studies on groups aged less than 15 years.
The Level Of Tactical Thinking Among Professional Soccer Players In West Bank
(2011) Alaa Abdelrahman Al-watad; Professor Imad Saleh Abdel – Haq
The present study aimed at identifying level of tactical thinking among professional soccer players in West Bank , and to explore how varied is the tactical thinking level among the players through between aggressive and defensive positions , and to explore how varied is the tactical thinking level by study variables (different playing positions and the years of experience). The study was conducted on a sample consisted of (48) soccer players selected from four clubs in the professionals league in West Bank, and these clubs are (Helal Al-Quds, Balata Centre, Tulkarm cultural club and Tulkarm centre). To measure the level of tactical thinking the researchers used the descriptive approach by using (10) aggressive positions and (10) defensive positions, which were tested for validity and reliability. The finding showed moderate level of tactical thinking among professional soccer players in west Bank , and that there were no statistical significant differences at (0,05=α) on tactical level thinking among professional soccer players in West Bank through the aggressive and defensive positions, and there were no differences on tactical thinking level that attributed to the study variables (years of experience and the different playing positions). According to the results and conclusions of the study, the researcher recommends that the soccer coaches in West Bank have to take care of the tactical and mental preparation of the players to develop the level of tactical thinking among players to achieve the highest physical levels.
Building Standard Levels For Some Physical And Skill Variables Of Youthteam Clubs Whom Football Professional In The West Bank (Palestine)
(2011) Omar Khalil Shar'ab; Dr. Sobhi Nimr Isa
This study aimed to build standard levels for some physical and skill variables of youth team clubs for football professional in the West Bank (Palestine). The study sample consisted of 145 players from youngsters enrolled in the Union of the Palestinian soccer professional clubs in Palestine for the year 2010/2011, cultural 8 clubs have been chosen randomly, and they were, (a Sport Tulkarm, Foundation Youth beera, Am'ari Sports Club, a youth center of Tulkarm, a youth center of Askar, althaheryah, youtg of hebron, Jerusalem Hilal). Periodic respiratory six physical test have been chosen, and they were endurance for 1500m run, 30m run, explosive power of this jump the vertical consistency, sitting from lying down 30 seconds, running winding for Barrow, the flexibility of seating, position long(6.22seconds, 4.700seconds, 39.903cm,26.358times, 18.914 seconds, 8.606cm ),the best percentile Rank (90%) and more respectively (5.412second and less general bear,4.296 seconds and less speed, 50.00cm and higher long jump, 31.00times and more sitting from lying down, 17.232 and less fitness, 16.000cm and more flexibility ) six skill test of bouncing ball for a minute, the accuracy of the scroll, running the ball in a zigzag among the lists, The accuracy of shooting on the wall, the accuracy of shooting by the head, throw the farthest distance were respectively (91.565times, 5.786goal, 19.464seconds, 6.606goal,1.641goal, 15.250cm) were used as descriptive curriculum to fit the objectives of the study in order process the data used statistical software packages for social sciences SPSS. Through the use of the following statistical treatments: the mean, standard deviation and rang to determine the level of measurements under study, ranking the percentage level (Percentile Ranks) (91.565times, 5.786goal, 19.464seconds, 6.606goal,1.641goal, 15.250cm) and more respectively 110 times and more hitting up and down, 8 goals, 17.538 seconds and less running winding with a ball 9 goals and more by scoring, 3 goals and more by hitting with head, 18.74cm and more farthest distance. To build a standard levels of the variables under study, and showed the results of the study low in the levels of the physical abilities and basic skills. and the researcher recommended the need to adopt these standards to assess the physical abilities and basic skills for the juniors in football.
The Relationship Among Proposed Field Anaerobic Work Tests For Physical Education Students
(2011) Ali Abed Al-raheem Qadoumi; Prof. Imad Saleh Abed Al-haq
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among proposed field anaerobic work tests for physical education students in An-Najah National University. The purposive sample consisted of (40) students who are studying gymnastics course (1). The means of (age, height, weight, and body mass index) were respectively (20.35 yr, 176.20 cm, 72.22 kg, and 23.32 kg/m²).The researcher carried out anaerobic power tests (vertical jump, long jump, triple jump, sprint 30 m, sprint 60 m, sprint 90 m & step 15 s) and capacity tests (sprint 200 m, sprint 400 m & step 60 s) on the sample. The researcher used (Sayers and et al, 1999) equation as criteria to predict the measurement of anaerobic power and used (Adams, 1990) equation as criteria to predict the measurement of anaerobic capacity. The results indicated that the level of anaerobic power and capacity were high, so that the values of anaerobic power and capacity were respectively (4143.15 watt, 2061.53 kg.m/min). Also, the results indicated that there were a positive relationship between anaerobic power tests, the correlation range from (0.32 –0.82), so that the best correlation anaerobic power tests was between vertical jump and Sayers and et al, equation (0.70). On the other hand the results indicated that there was a positive relationship between anaerobic capacity tests, the correlation between 200 m sprint and 400 m sprint was (0.70), and between 200 m sprint and Adams step equation was (0.32). Furthermore, the results of simple regression (R2) revealed the following two equations of anaerobic power and capacity: anaerobic power (watt)=(1861.798)+ [(vertical jump cm) × (45.220)].(R2 = 0.669). anaerobic capacity (watt)=(3330.958)+ [( 200 m sprint sec) × (-41.814)].(R2 = 0.313). Based on the study findings the researcher recommended to generalize these results to Palestinian universities, sport clubs, physical fitness centers, sport federations, and physical education teachers, in order to use it as criteria for measuring anaerobic power and capacity. Keywords: Anaerobic System, Anaerobic Power, Anaerobic Capacity.
The Effect of Sand and Solid Training Surface on Selected Physical and Technical Variables for Volleyball Players in West Bank-Palestin ( Comparative Study)
(2011) Rafi Husin Mahmoud Asfour; Dr. Sobhi Isa
The purpose of this study is to compare the effect training has on sand and Solid surfaces, on Selected Physical and Technical Variables , for volleyball players in the West Bank. And the study show: training on two different surfaces(solid and sand ).Sample athletes were chosen from 18 volleyball players representing Sinjel and Aseera Al-Qibliyyeh sports clubs that were identified as top teams in Palestine. Players were assigned to two groups of nine players each, equal in height, weight, age and sports experience. For the sake of the study, the players were also equal in physical and Technical Variables. Both groups were observed through the same training program for three weekly sessions for the duration of eight weeks. The SPSS program was used for obtaining results and testing hypotheses. The T-Test, percentages, Pearson Correlation, mean and standard deviation were all used in the study. Results indicated that significant statistical differences were found pre and post testing in physical and Technical Variables in both groups. Results also showed significant statistical differences post testing in some physical changes such as (The ability of the muscular leg , Endurance , Agility). Other physical changes such as (accurate spiking from cenrer4 to center 1 and 5 and repetitive blocking) were found in favor of the sand group. On the other hand, results showed no differences in post testing between the two groups in some changes such as (Speed and accurate bigger pass on the wall).According of this study, researcher recommend the necessity of using sand floor for training because of its positive effects on the physical and skill aspects of the volleyball players. Researcher
The Effect Change Sport Practice and Gender and Class on Behavioral Problems for Student of Higher Basic School in Nablus Governate
(2011) Nidal Abed Al-sNaser Abu-Zahra; Dr. Badr Refaat Dweikat
This study aimed to identify The impact of Sport Practice Changes and Sex and Class in Behavioral Problems on Students of the Basic High Stage in the Governorate of Nablus, also aimed to identify existing problems in students' behaviors of Students of the Basic High Stage in the Governorate of Nablus. In order to achieve the goal of the study, the researcher developed the instrument of the study (Questionnaire) which consisted of 50 questions . It has been distributed on five areas , which are: the area of aggressive behavior, And the area of low self-concept. And the area of hyperactivity and the area of intransigence and rebellion, and the area of social withdrawal. In each area there were 10 question. This Questionnaire has been shown to a number of arbitrators with experience and competence. The arbitrators said the questionnaire is a valid tool to measure it, while the Reliability coefficient (96.46 %), a good factor that fulfills the purposes of scientific research, which was distributed to the study sample which consisted of (1935) students of the schools of the Directorate of education in Nablus. The researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach to data collection. The results of the study showed the existence of a few degrees in response to a question on the first study and all areas, which stipulated: What are the behavioral problems existing in students of the basic high stage in the governorate of Nablus? The results of the study also showed significant statistical differences at the level of an indication (α=0.05), in terms of the impact of sports practice changes in behavioral problems on students of the basic stage supreme in the governorate of Nablus, the differences were in favor of non-practitioner for sports. The results of the study also showed significant differences at the level of statistical significance (α=0.05) in behavioral problems attributable a variable grade, and that these differences were in favor of the level of grade 7 of the one hand and levels of (the eighth, ninth) on the other hand, there are differences between the level of the eighth grade and the level of the tenth grade, and that these differences were in favor of the level of the tenth grade. Finally, there are differences between the level of the ninth grade and the level of the tenth grade, and that these differences were in favor of the level of the tenth grade. While the results showed the absence of significant differences at the level of statistical significance (α=0.05) were due a variable sex. In the light of these results, the researcher recommended several recommendations: Work on activating sports practice and the rehabilitation of physical education teachers and supervisors educational training, in addition to the support and activating the centers and different sports clubs.
Constructing Norms of Health Related Physical Fitness among Male Secondary School Students in Tulkarem District
(2011) Mohamad Lutfi Abo Salah; Professor Imad Saleh Abdel – Haq
The study aimed to identify the level of physical fitness related to health among students in secondary schools in the province of Tulkarem, and building levels of standard, and determine the impact of variables of place of residence, and class and their interaction at the level of physical fitness related to health, to achieve this study was conducted on a sample of (1200) students from the class of Tenth grade and atheist and Twelfth grade, and make statistical analysis on all the sample according to the ranks of distributors: Tenth grade (509) students, and atheist ten (340) students, and Twelfth grade (351) students, were selected random sample in the manner of Tulkarm. I have been using the battery of the American health-related fitness (AAPHERD,1980). which included four tests Measure the thickness of the folds of fat to behind the upper arm and the bottom of the board, and bend the trunk to sit long, and test the sit up, and run 1609, (mi), and after the process of collecting data coded and treated statistically using the software packages Statistical for Social Sciences (SPSS) using the averages and deviations and analysis of variance two-way anova. The results showed: - low level of health-related physical fitness of students compared to global standards. - The differences are statistically significant at the significance level (α = 0.05) in the total thickness of the fat behind the upper arm and below the scapula and the flexibility of the lower back in a place to live among the students of the city and students of the village and for the students of the village. As well as the existence of differences in the durability of the abdominal muscles and endurance periodic respiratory place of residence in the city between students and students of the village and for the students of the city. - There is no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α = 0.05) in the elements of endurance periodic breathing, and the total thickness of the fat behind the upper arm and below the scapula, and flexibility of the lower back due to the variable of the class, while the differences were statistically significant in the durability of abdominal muscles due to the variable grade and for the twelfth grade - there is interaction between the variables of school location and grade influence the flexibility and thickness of the folds of fat, and abdominal muscle endurance while not severely affected by the interaction of the element of endurance and periodic breathing. - set benchmark levels for each row of the rows and the sample as a whole Results of the study recommends that the researcher should make use of such criteria to identify the level of physical fitness in schools Tulkarm Governorate, the Ministry of Education and Higher Education in building the curriculum .Study and selection of players for different sports. Key words: Health-related fitness, standard- degree ,Normative levels.
The Relationship Between Self-Concept and Athletic Achievement Motivation Among School of Jenin Directorate
(2012) Nashwa Sinan Nayif Hindawi; Prof. Emad Abdel-Haq; Dr.Bader Ref'at
Abstract The study aimed to determine the relationship between self-concept and athletic achievement motive among the players of school-teem in the directorate of jenin, a sample of (1047) players who are officially registered in the directorates school for the year (2012\2011). These players were chosen according to the describtive method and by using "Barakats-self-concept scale (2008)" and" Always scale (2004). The researcher has modified these scales to fit with the young ages of the players, and to maintain truth and constancy of the the scales. After collecting all the data, the (SPSS) programe was used to analyse the results, which showed that the self-concept among the players was a high level, and there weren’t any statistical differences at Indication level due to (gender, sport game, residency). The study also showed a positive relation ship between the self- concept and achievement motivation among the players to the extent of (0.63). Based on the finding of the study the researcher recommended to development of positive psychological features between the players, towards self-concept and athletic achievement, for their basic rule in stimulating and building the leading personalities of the players.
The contribution professionalism in developing the level of soccer game in west bank
(2012) Mohammad Omar Shawahny; Dr. Mahmoud Al Atrash
This study aims at identifying the Contribution of Professionalism in Developing the Level of Soccer Game in West Bank. The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical methodology due to its suitability in this field of studies, the study sample was composed of (81) individual, which were randomly selected, the sample candidate of (47) player in four main clubs, (22) judges, (12) trainer of the same clubs, the percentage reached of 58% of the total sample while the judges were around 27%, at the same time players consisted of 15% of the total sample. The sample chosen were represented of 12 clubs, after data collection, the data were analyzed using the SPSS , the main results the study reached were that professionalism participated in improving the level of soccer game in the west bank from the perception of players, trainers and judges, moreover, there were a positive relationship between professionalism and performance level for the main teams in the Palestinian league of professional soccer game, this indicated the need of the athletic communist for professionalism. Finally, the researcher recommends that there is a need to establish sport facilities and distributed among the professionalism leagues to guarantee the needed infrastructure in preparing qualified cadre of trainers, judges, and players to reached the level of professionalism in soccer games, and also the importance of paying attention to the main clubs an increase their level to investment companies and expand the concept of professional to include trainers and judges.
The Effect of prposed Training Program on the Development of Technical Performance for non-Dominant Leg Among Soccer Beginners in the West Bank
(2012) Adel Atiyeh Mohammed Al-Farran; prof. Imad Saleh Abdel-Haq
Abstract This study aims to identify the proposed training program impact on skil based performance for thw non practicing (none used) foot for football beginners in the West Bank. The study targeted 30 beginners under the age of 13 whom were divided into two groups:trial group.Theb trial group undertook the proposed training program while the control group undertook the traditional one. The researcher utilized the trial methodology for suiting the nature of the syudy and achieving the targeted goals. Five skill based tests were conducted before implementing the proposed training program. The results were concluded through befor/ after approach. SPSS application was used to analyze data. After processing the data it has been shown that the proposed training program has appositive impact on developing the skill based variables as the trial group over exceeded the control group in all skills variables ( running with the ball,ball control, accuracy of shooting and accuracy of passing) these results doesn't include the accuracy of passing in term of timing as the results show(-19.49%),ball kicking (47.46%),ball control (384.98%) accuracy of shooting(116.27%)passing in terms of timing (-8.78%) and passing in terms of numbers of goals (146.57%). The researcher recommends the proposed training program for beginners from early age categories as well as advices the couch and trainers to concentrate on training players' feet, develop basic skills for beginners
The Relationship Between the Team Cohesion and the Level of Aspiration among the Soccer Players in West Bank
(2012) Naser ahmad naser azazmah; Prof. Abdel Naser Qadumi
Abstract This study was aimed to understand the relationship between the team cohesion and the level of aspiration among the soccer player in West Bank, in addition to determine the differences in the cohesion and aspiration levels among the soccer players in the West Bank according to academic qualification, playing position , experience, and the club degree variables. To achieve that, the study sample was composed of 387 soccer players from professional, first degree and second degree clubs in the West Bank. The sample represents 30% of study population,The (Group Environmental Questioner) (GEQ) (Carron, &etal, 1985) was used to measure the team cohesion which is composed of 34 items and distributed into four domains which are, group integration tasks, individual attraction to group social, group integration social and individual attraction to group tasks. Aspiration scale developed by (Moawad& Abdel Atheem,2005) was applied to determine aspiration level, which consists of 36 items distributed into four domains, optimism, ability of formulate objectives, acceptance of new ideas and depression tolerance. To address questions in the study, means, percentages, standard deviation, person correlation, One Way ANOVA and Scheffes’ post-hoc test were used. The results showed that the team cohesion level of the soccer players in the West Bank was high for all domains, where the percentage of response was more than 70%, and was high for the total score of cohesion (75.6%), the rank order of domains were as follows: firstly, group integration social (78%). Secondly, individual attraction to group tasks (77.4). Thirdly, Group integration tasks (76%). Finally, individual attraction to group social(71.4%). Moreover, the results showed that, the aspiration level among soccer players in the West Bank was high for all domains, The ability of objectives formulation occupied the first position (77%). Secondly, optimism (75.75%). Thirdly, depression tolerance (74.5%).Finally, renewal acceptance (73.75). Furthermore, the results showed that there were a significant correlation between the team cohesion and the aspiration level among the soccer players in the West bank where the value of person correlation was (r = 0.74). Also ,the results showed that there were no significant differences in team cohesion according to the academic qualification and playing position. Whereas, there were significant statistical differences according to playing experience, since soccer players having more than 10 years experience had team cohesion higher than those having 5 years experience and less. And those having 6-10 years experience had team cohesion higher than those having 5 years experience and less. Moreover, there were a significant differences accoeding to the club degree, since the proficient's showed the highest group cohesion, The results also showed that there were a significant differences in the aspiration level according to the academic qualification, since the soccer players who have bachelor degree or another degree higher had the highest aspiration level. And there were a significant differences according to playing experience and club degree. Since those who had more than 10 years playing experience as well as those who belong to a second degree club had the highest aspiration level. Based on the findings of the study the researcher recommended to that: - Aspiration and cohesion development particularly, among the low experience soccer players, through increasing their awareness to the importance of these aspects to develop the team level. - Conducted of similar studies among younger soccer players as well as for other sport activities.
Maximum Oxygen Uptake ,Anaerobic Power, Resting Metabolic Rate and Body Composition among Female Soccer Players in West Bank
(2012) Muntaha Abed Al Jawwad Ishtayah; Prof. Abdel Naser Qadumi
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the Maximum oxygen uptake (Vo2max), Anaerobic Power(AP), Resting Metabolic Rate(RMR) and Body Composition (BC) among Female Soccer Players in the West Bank. And to determine the relationship amongst variables, as well as to identify differences in these variables according to the playing position . The sample of the study was consisted of (55) players, and the means of age, height, and body mass were respectively: (15.58 years old, 1.59 meters, 59.16 kg). The study adopted the following tests on the study sample that include: Queen's University Step Test(QUST) to measure the maximum oxygen consumption, Lewis equation and an 40 meters-sprint test to measure Anaerobic Power, Meflin equation to measure RMR, and the Beaulieu equation to measure body composition. After collecting and processing data (SPSS)was conducted, and the study reached following results: - The means of maximum oxygen consumption, 40 meters sprint, vertical jump, long jump, Lewis equation, Resting Metabolic Rate ,body mass index, percentage of body fat, fat body mass, and body fat free mass were respectively: (36.08 ml . kg / min), (7.55 seconds), (33.69 cm), (166.6 cm), (97.89 kg. m / s), (1352.5 kcal / day). (23.15 kg) , (26.78%), (15.89 kg), and (43.26 kg). - There was no significant relationship between maximum oxygen consumption and the rest of the variables under study. There was a set of relationships between variables, and the most interesting of these relations was between the Anaerobic Power and body fat free mass (0.68), and between (RMR)) and body mass (0.91), and between body mass and body fat free mass (0.81). - There were a significant differences at the significance level (0.05) in maximum oxygen consumption due to playing position in favor to midfield players. Where the highest average of the maximum oxygen consumption was for the midfield players (37.45 ml / kg / min), and the lowest value was for goal keepers (34.41 mL / kg / min). - There were a significant differences at the significance level (0.05) in the Anaerobic Power (Lewis formula) according to the playing position in favor of goal keepers; the highest value of the Anaerobic Power for the goalkeepers (119.99) kg. M / s and lowest was for midfield players (91.87) kg. M / s. - There were a significant differences at the significance level (0.05) in the 40 meters sprint test due to playing position in favor to attack players , the best mean was for attack players (7.139) seconds and the lowest mean was for goalkeepers (8.065) seconds. - There were a significant differences at the significance level (0.05) in vertical jump due to playing position in favor to goalkeepers, where the best mean was for goalkeepers (37.63 cm) , and the lowest mean was for midfield players (31.69 cm) . - There were a significant differences at the significance level (0.05) in long distance jump due to playing position in favor to attack players , the best mean was for goalkeepers (178.13 cm) ,and lowest mean was for midfield players (158.85 cm). - There were a significant differences at the significance level (0.05) in RMR due to playing position in favor to goalkeepers, where the highest was (1422.91 kcal / day) ; the lowest mean was for Defense players (1335.47 kcal / day). - There were no significant differences at the significance level (0.05) in body composition due to the playing position variable. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher made the following recommendations: -Coaches should Pay attention to the parameters in the physiological measurements of the variables under study because of their important role in the preparation of training programs needed to attain international standards in soccer. - The need to provide some important information in the records of each player of the physical and physiological measurements to facilitate researchers to conduct scientific research for improving the level of this sport in Palestine.
The relationship between the flow state and physical, Technical Performance among Professional Soccer Players in Palestine
(2012) Ahmed Sameer Ahmed Jaradat; Prof. Abdel Naser Qadumi
The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of flow state and physical, technical performance among professional soccer players in Palestine and to determine the relationship between the flow state and physical, technical performance. Furthermore, to determine the differences in the flow state level and physical, technical performance among professional soccer players in Palestine according to playing position and experience variables. To achieve that the study was conducted on (75) players from professional clubs of soccer in Palestine, and to measure the flow state , the scale of Ratib, Masri and sayyed (2004) was used ,and to determine the physical, and technical performance, a lot of tests were applied. To answer the questions of the study, the researcher used means, percentages, standard deviation, person correlation, one way ANOVA and Scheffes pos-hoc test. The study revealed the following results: - The flow state level among professional soccer players in Palestine was high in all domains (self-confidence, attention focus, facing concern, enjoyment, sense of control, performance technique) where the percentages of response were more than (70%), and the total level of the flow state was high and it reached to (79.60%). The highest domain was enjoyment domain ( 85.33%) and the lowest one was attention domain (75%). - The mean value of physical fitness tests among professional soccer players in Palestine for: (50-m sprint, long jump from stable position, zigzag running, flexibility, sit-ups, touch two parallel lines in a minute and Cooper test ) were respectively : (6.72 second, 2.31 meter, 22.77 second, 40.74 centimeter, 30.46 times, 33.32 times and 3080 meter). - The mean value of technical tests among professional soccer players in Palestine for ( control the ball, zigzag run with the ball, kicking the ball to specific target, kicking the ball by head to score, exciting the throwing for the farthest distance, punctual long passing, kick the ball for farthest distance) were respectively : (36.45 meter, 16.12 second, 2.56 times, 39.86 centimeter , 33.99 meter, 6.08 meter and 54.03 meter ) . - There is a positive significant relationship between the flow state and physical tests (50 m sprint, long jump, zigzag run, sit-ups 30 second, touch two parallel lines in a minute), but there was no significant relationship between the flow state and ( flexibility and Cooper test ). - There is a positive significant relationship between the flow state and technical tests (control the ball, zigzag run with the ball, kicking the ball to specific target, exciting the throwing for the farthest distance, kick the ball for farthest distance), but there was no significant relationship between the flow state and (kicking the ball by head to score and punctual long passing). - There are no significant differences at (= 0.05 ) in the flow state among professional soccer players in Palestine in the domains of: (self-confidence, attention focus, facing concern, enjoying, performance technique ) and total score of the flow state according to playing position, but the differences were significant in the domain of facing concern according to the playing position in favor to defenders. - There are no significant differences at (= 0.05 ) in the flow state among professional soccer players in Palestine in the domains of: (self-confidence, attention focus, facing concern, enjoying, control, performance technique) and total score of the flow state according to the experience, but the differences were significant in the domain of attention focus according to the experience in favor to long experience . - There are no significant differences at (= 0.05) in (50-m sprint, long jump, zigzag run, sit-ups in 30 second, touch two parallel lines in a minute) among professional soccer players in Palestine according to the plying position, but the differences were significant in the test of (zigzag run) according to the playing position in favor to attacker players. - There are no significant differences at (= 0.05 ) in (long jump from stable position, zigzag running, flexibility, sit-ups, touch two parallel lines in a minute and Cooper test) among professional soccer players in Palestine according to experience, but the differences were significant in the test of (50-m sprint) according to the experience in favor to the players who have long experience. - There are no significant differences at (= 0.05) in (control the ball, zigzag run with the ball, kicking the ball to specific target, exciting the throwing for the farthest distance, kick the ball for farthest distance) among professional soccer players in Palestine according to the playing position, but the differences were significant in (kick the ball for farthest distance) according to the playing position in favor to middle and attackers. - There are no significant differences at (= 0.05) in (control the ball, zigzag run with the ball, kicking the ball to specific target, exciting the throwing for the farthest distance, kick the ball for farthest distance) among professional soccer players in Palestine according to the experience, but the differences were significant in (zigzagging run with the ball and exciting the throwing for the farthest distance) according to the experience in favor to the players of long experience. Based on the findings of the study the researcher recommended the following: - The coaches must develop the physical, psychological, skillful sides that can improve the level of football players in Palestine to reach for high sport levels. - Focus on the psychological preparation of short – long period for football players that may help them to get champions, especially when there is a similarity in the physical, skillful, planning characteristics between teams; the psychological factor becomes the one to identify the result of the matches . Key words: Flow state , Physical, Technical Performance, Professional Soccer Players , Palestine.
The Relationship Between Psychological Hardiness and Achievement Motivation Amongst the Physically Disabled Athletes in The West Bank
(2012) Mohammed Zuheir Radi Eleiwi; Dr. Bader Dwaikat
The study aimed to determine the relationship between psychological hardiness and achievement motivation amongst the physically disabled athletes in the west bank. Further more, to determine the differences in psychological hardiness and achievement motivation according to gender, type of game, and experience variables. A sample of (86) Disabled athletes players who are officially registered in the Palestinian Paralympics Commission (2012\2011). These athletes were chosen according to the descriptive method and by using "Obadah & Abdel Wahab –psychological hardiness scale (2005)" and" Alaweys- Achievement motivation scale (1998). After collecting all the data, the (SPSS) program was used to analyze the results, which showed that the level of psychological hardiness and achievement motivation were high amongst the physically disabled athletes in the west bank. The study also had shown that there were a differences in psychological hardiness and achievement motivation level due to (gender, kind of game, and experience). The study also showed a positive relationship according to Pearson correlation coefficient between psychological hardiness and achievement motivation in (achieve success dimension) among the disabled athletes to the extent of (0.75), and a negative correlation between psychological hardiness and achievement motivation in (avoid failure dimension) and the correlate to the extent (0.65-), also a negative correlation between achieve success and avoid failure to the extent (-0.19). Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommended to work on develop of the positive personality traits (specially psychological hardiness) between the disabled athletes, and proposed a training psychological courses to improve their achievement motivation in sport
Constructing Norms of Some Anthropometric Measures and Physical Fitness among Soccer Referees in Palestine
(2012) Alaa El Din Ahmed Mahmoud Alhotri; Prof.Abdel Naser Qadumi
This study aims to identify the level of the selected anthropometric measures and fitness, and the relationship between the selected anthropometric measures and fitness, and the impact of experience, the degree of refereeing and the number of matches on the selected anthropometric measures and fitness. In addition to, constructing norms of anthropometric measures and physical fitness among the referees of soccer in Palestine .To achieve this, the study was conducted on a sample of (46) soccer referees who are active in the Palestinian soccer league in various degrees in the end of the sports season (2010-2011) were selected in a comprehensive survey. The selected anthropometric measurements which were taken: age, body height, body mass and the circumeference of the neck, the waist, the hips, the thigh and the celf in addition to the percent of fat, the vital capacity, the University of California test to measure the maximum oxygen consumption and testing the sprint for (30) m, to measure the transitional speed , the test of the running zig-zag in a rectangular (3X 5) m to measure the agility, the test of the long jump from stability to measure the muscle power for both legs, and the test of the trunk bending forward and down from the long sit to measure the flexibility. The results showed that the level of the selected antropometric measures among the soccer referees in Palestine was good, it showed that the level of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) of soccer referees in Palestine was good (55.18) ml / kg / min, and the level of 30-m sprint test was good (3.91) sec. While the study showed a decrease in each of: the agility, legs power and the flexibility of soccer referees in Palestine, which were respectively : 12.93 seconds, 2.07 m,and 8.09 cm . The results of the study showed many correlations at the level of significance (α = 0.05) and significance level (α = 0.01), it was the best correlations as follows: among maximum oxygen consumption and the percentage of fat in terms of (-0.48) , among the transitional speed and the chest fat in terms of (0.58), among the agility and the hips circumeference which reached (0.40), among the ability of the muscle legs and the proportion of fat in terms of (-0.55), and among the flexibility and thigh fat was (-0.54). Also, the study indicated a significant differences at (α = 0.05) in circumeferences of the neck, the waist, the percent of fat due to referee experience .Also, the results indicated a significant differences at (α = 0.05) in the circumefernces of the neck, the waist, the hips, the thigh, the celf and the percent of fat according to the degree of refereeing .While the differences were not significant in selected anthropometric measures ccording to the number of matches among the soccer referees in Palestine . The study showed a significant differences at (α = 0.05)in transitional speed according to the degree of refereeing .Furthermore, the results revealed that there were not significant differences in the other physical fitness elements according to experience and the number of matches among soccer referees in Palestine. The study constructed norms of anthropometric measures and physical fitness of soccer referees in Palestine by the researcher. Based on the results of the study the researcher recommended a number of recommendations including: the benefit from the results of this study in selecting and rehabilitation and the follow-up of the refrees, hiring fitness spsecialists for training referees collectively or in groups, focusing on all factors of fitness, without exceptions, to rely on the physical aspects level when we hire a referee to manage the matches, distributing and training the refrees institutionally. Finally,conducting studies on other aspects of soccer referees in Palestine and similar studies of the referees of other games. Keywords: Anthropometric measurements, Fitness, Norms, Soccer referees.
The Influence of Menstrual Cycle Phases on Selected Physiological Variables and Mood State for Female in the Faculty of Physical Education at An- Najah National University
(2012) Nour Abu Hamed; Prof. Abdel Naser Qadumi; Dr. Walid Khanfar
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different stages of the menstrual cycle on some physiological variables and the mood of female in the Faculty of Physical Education at the An-Najah National University. To achieve this objective, the study was conducted on a sample of (15) volunteer female from the Faculty of Physical Education at An- Najah National University. The study adopted a descriptive approach due to its relevance for the purposes of the study. The study measured the variables of (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, RMR, body composition, VO2Max, anaerobic power, grip strength, and mood). data collected and processed by using the statistical packages of Social Sciences (SPSS): using the Repeated Measures test and Wilks Lambda. The results of the study revealed the following: - There were a significant differences at (0.05 = α) in resting heart rate and body temperature according to the different phases of the menstrual cycle in favor of the ovulation stage. - There were a significant differences at (0.05 = α) in resting metabolic rate (RMR) according to the different phases of the menstrual cycle in favor of the menstruation phase. - There were no significant differences at (0.05 = α) in the body composition according to the different phases of the menstrual cycle. -There were a significant differences at (0.05 = α) in the grip strength and anaerobic power according to the different phases of the menstrual cycle in favor of the follicular phase. - There were no significant differences at (0.05 = α) in the maximum oxygen consumption(VO2Max) according to the different phases of the menstrual cycle. -There were a significant differences at (0.05 = α) in tension , anger and depression according to the different phases of the menstrual cycle in favor of the stage of ovulation, and the confusion for the follicular phase. - There were no significant differences at (0.05 = α) in the the variables of fatigue and dynamic according to the different phases of the menstrual cycle. Based on the findings of the study the researcher recommended the following recommendations: - The coaches must taking into account the menstrual cycle in the process of sports training. - Taking into account the high heart rate in the stage of ovulation in determining the components of athletic training, as well as concern for the Sportswear light cotton during training and at this stage due to the high body temperature. Key words: Menstrual Cycle, Body Mass Index, Resting Metabolic Rate, Maximum Oxygen Consumption, Anaerobic Power, Mood.
Constructing Norms of Selected Gross Motor Development Characteristics Among the Basic Stage in Nablus
(2012) Mona "Mohamad Mamdoh" Abdul- Alarawoof Afaneh; Dr. Walid Khanfar
This study aimed to identify the level of motor development among the students of the first four grades in the Nablus district, as well as to identify the level of motor development among the students of the first four grades in the governorate of Nablus, according to the variables of gender, class and geographical location(the researcher used in this study, a descriptive and analytical approach due to its suitability for the objectives of the study. The study population consisted of all students in first primary grades in the governorate of Nablus (40985)and the researcher selected a convenience sample of students of the first four grades and the total study sample size 464 students distributed in 16 Division, (female=8(249); males=8(215)). study results reveal that less skills that demonstrate the performance of students by the skill (catching) The more skills that performance was mixed in which is the skill of kicking a ball and deficiencies in the level of performance skills motor to the students the research sample as a result of lack of interest in programs of physical education in schools from either the school or pupils is the most important recommendations recommended by the researcher to use indicators standard reached by the researcher as a tool to assess motor skills essential for students in grades four first need to develop indicators of standard psychomotor skills essential not referred to the courtyard.
The Relationship Between Brain Dominance and level of Positivity amongst Volleyball Players In Palestine
(2012) Reem Mustafa Ozrail; Prof. Abdel Naser Qadumi
The purpose of this study was to investigate brain dominance and level of positivity among volleyball players in Palestine. In addition ,to determine the relationship between brain dominance and level of possessiveness, according to club division, playing position, experience, educational qualification , and the International participation variables. The sample consisted of (115) players, and two Instruments were used, first one for measurement brain dominance ( Diane , 2005 ), and the other one for measurement level of possessiveness (Eed,Ibraheem,2002). The results of study revelled the following:- _ Integrated brain dominance was the most common type among volleyball players in Palestine, were the mean of total score was (10.18) degree, and the rank order of brain dominance types were respectively: _ Integrated brain dominance(67.3%) , left- brain dominance ( 17.9%) , and right- brain dominance ,(15%). _ The level of possessiveness among volleyball players was moderate, where the percentage of response for total score was ( 57.31%). Also the rank order of possessiveness were respectively:- Creative approach (70.82%), self esteem (62.83%) ,emotional balance (50.81%) , confirmation (54,69%),ego strength(47.39%). -There was significant positive correlation between brain dominance and level of possessiveness ( r = 0.73 ). -There were no significant differences in brain dominance among volleyball players in Palestine due to: club division, playing position, experience, educational qualification, and the International participation variables. -There were no significant differences in level of Positivity among volleyball players in Palestine due to, club division, playing position and the International participation variables. -There were a significant differences in level of Positivity among volleyball players in Palestine due to:, qualification in favour to higher qualification , experience of playing in favour to ten years and more. Based on the findings of the study the researcher recommended to conduct further research studies for both individual and collective sports. Key Words: Brain Dominance, Positivity , Volleyball, Palestine.
Effect of proposed training program on the change curve of legs power and agility of young basketball players in the West Bank
(2012) Mosab Mahmoud Abdul-Rahman Yaghmour; prof. Imad Saleh Abdel-Haq
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the training program using free weights and plyometric exercises on the changing curve of legs’ power and agility of the basketball young players, where the study was conducted on a sample of 15 young players. Countermovement jump test (CMJ), Squat Jump test (SJ), Standing Long Jump test (LJ), 30m-sprint test, agility T-test, and 505-agility test were all used. Sayers equation (Sayers etal,1999) was applied on the results of the (CMJ) test to predict the absolute and relative power. The training program was applied for 8 weeks, 3 times a week for a period of 40 minutes each time. All tests were conducted and the data was collected before the start of the program and then every two weeks after the application of the program. Statistical data analysis was conducted by applying Analysis of Variance on repeated measures using Wilks Lambda test and sidak post hoc test. The results showed that the training program affected the curve of change for all variables of the study with statistical significance level (α <0.05). The improvement was(11.7) cm in(CMJ) test,(15.2) cm in (SJ) test,(13.3) cm in (LJ) test, a decrease of (0.49) s in 30m-sprint test, (1.02) s in agility T-test,( 0.3) s in 505-agility test, and an improvement of (712) watts in absolute power, and to (10.2) watts/ kg in relative power. The researcher had several recommendations, the most important of them was to give more attention to the resistance exercises and plyometric exercises in order to develop the legs power and agility in basketball players.
"The Relationship between Sports Satisfaction and Sources of Sport Self-confidence among Soccer Players in the West Bank”
(2012) Allam Mohammad Ibraheem Hamarsheh; Prof. Dr. Abdel Naser Abdel Raheem Qadoumi; Dr. Jamal Shaker Salem Mahmoud
Abstract This study aims to identify the level of Athlete satisfaction and sources of self-confidence; and their relationship for soccer players in the West Bank, in addition to identify differences in the levels of Athlete satisfaction and sources of self-confidence for soccer players in the West Bank according to the playing position, experience, the degree of the club and the education level variables. To achieve the objectives of the study, the study was conducted on a sample of (210) players from professional clubs from the first-and second-degree in soccer in the West Bank, which represents about of (20%) of the study population. The scale which was developed by Reimer & Chelladurai 1998, was used to measure athlete satisfaction. and Vealey et al 1998 scale was used to measure the sources of self-confidence: Means, standard deviations, Pearson correlation coefficient, One Way ANOVA and Scheffe’ Post Hoc Test were used to answer the questions of the study. The study revealed th following results: - The level of athlete satisfaction among soccer players in the West Bank was average, with an average response of (4.76) degree. - The level of self-confidence sources for soccer players in the West Bank was high with an average response of (6.57) degree. - There’s a positive relationship between athlete satisfaction and sources of self-confidence where Pearson correlation coefficient reached (0.636). - There were no significant differences at (0.05) in the athlete satisfaction among soccer players in all domains and the total score according to the playing position variable. - There were significant differences at (0.05) in the athlete satisfaction among soccer players in the athlete satisfaction among soccer players according to the experience variable. The majority of these differences were infavor of the medium experience (6-10) years. - There were no significant differences at (0.05) in the level of athlete satisfaction among soccer players in the West Bank, according to the degree of the club and the education level variables. - There were significant differences at (0.05) in the level of sources of self-confidence among soccer players in the West Bank in, , according to the degree of the club and the education level variables. - There were significant differences at (0.05) in the sources of self-confidence among soccer players in the West Bank, according to the degree of the club variable. The majority of these differences were for the second degree clubs. Based on the findings of the study the researcher recommended the following recommendations: - The trainers need to pay attention to develop psychological, physical and skills aspect for players which would improve the performance level of the soccer players in the West Bank. This in term has a significant impact on reaching the highest levels in sport. - To pay attention of long-term and short-term psychological preparation for soccer players which has its importance in winning sport championships, especially when there’s a convergent in physical attributes, skills and tactics among teams. The psychological factor is a crucial one to the outcome of the matches. Key Words: Athlete Satisfaction, sources of self-confidence, soccer, West Bank.

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