Telecommunication Engineering

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/10120

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2D Image Reconstruction using SAR
(2019) Daraghma, Ahmed; Salman, Mohammed; Abu-Zaid , Naser
Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object and thus in contrast to on-site observation, especially the Earth. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an example of remote sensing. it can provide detailed information on scattering mechanisms that could enable the target or structure to be identified. This study aims to presents the methodology followed to improve the images taken by SENTINEL-1 SAR satellite and the processes used to cancel the noise that comes from many sources . In addition , The Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) and MATLAB were used to analyse the terrestrial terrain features on the earth surface .Finally , this methodologies were applied to find the area of the residential places in any image and an approximation for the amount of water lost in Tiberias Lake (in Occupied Palestinian Territories ) between the years 2014 to 2019 .
4G LTE Handover Parameter Optimization Using Machine Learning Techniques
(2019) Fallaha, Saly; Breijieh, Alaa; Dweikat, Alaa; Dama, Yousef
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a fourth-generation cellular network technology that provides improved performance related to data rate, coverage and capacity compared to legacy cellular systems. In this context, one of the main goals of LTE is to provide fast and seamless handover from one cell to another to meet a strict delay requirement while simultaneously keeping network management simple. Hence, the decision to trigger a handover is a crucial component in the design process of handover, since the success and the efficiency, to a large extent, depends on the accuracy and timeliness of the decision. The design of an efficient and successful handover requires a careful selection of HO parameters and the optimal setting of these. The LTE standard supports two parameters to trigger the handover and select the target cell: hysteresis margin and Time-to-Trigger (TTT). The research topic of this project which is “LTE Handover Parameter Optimization'' focuses on different combinations or settings of HOM and TTT values to evaluate the handover performance based on Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurement within certain deployment scenarios, such as different UE speeds. The main goal of this project is to pick the best hysteresis and time to- trigger combinations to evaluate the performance of LTE handover, with measurements for different handover parameters settings in certain deployment scenarios such as number of handovers, signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR), throughput, a simulation procedure is carried out and an evaluation methodology is applied to analyze the simulation results. To do this the NS-3 has been used, a discrete-event network simulator that is regularly updated and maintained , latter the LTE handover model was used to create topology with a script completely written in C++ using the LTE handover module as described by the NS-3 documentation, the topology consists of eNBs, femtocells, buildings, and UEs followed by propagation model and mobility model. Subsequently, some simulation scenarios using different values for specific variables have been run. Finally, the output data for different case analyzed using MATLAB which is a powerful tool for realistic understanding, then plot the output result and compare it to understand the effect of each parameter.
4G LTE on TV Band
(2017) Mahmoud, Eman; Thawabi, Abeer; Masri, Dr. Ahmed
The telecommunication world is growing up rapidly, and the need for reliable and high speed technologies has become an important issue. In order to satisfy the expectations of the users to have more advanced wireless access techniques even in the wireless environment, 4G LTE technology emerged to fulfill the users’ needs. Unfortunately, the telecommunication advances in Palestine cannot be deployed easily as they are prohibited due to political issues and license problems. But nevertheless, in order to keep up with the modern telecommunication technologies we adopted this project in which we are going to exploit the unused TV band to deploy 4G LTE technology. This project will take into consideration the implementation of 4G technology within the TV band, where we will first study the actual usage of TV band in Palestine and see where we can fit the 4G technology within it, then we will do dimensioning with its two phases of capacity and coverage planning. In our project we started the capacity planning and we managed to analysis the big data of TV band spectrum usage and decided over which band exactly we can implement both the uplink and downlink of the 4G mobile technology, we did dimensioning and managed to make our own Graphical User Interface by using MATLAB to calculate number of three sector sites and data rate in LTE network.
5G Network
(2017) Salahat, Ghada; Hatim, Wejdan; Omar, Mena
Due to the huge technology evolution nowadays, the world is moving towards implementing new advanced networks aimed to provide better services. 5G will need to meet very challenging requirements and cover a wide range of scenarios and services. The evolution path and the system concept of the 5G radio access are quite important for the successful migration from LTE-Advanced to 5G and the effective integration of key radio access technologies. The purpose of this project is to take a step toward clarifying architectures for the future 5G mobile cellular networks. In the first project focused on understanding previous generations such as 2G,3G, 4G and understanding some concept in communication system such as handover, modulation, fullduplex, beamforming and studying the fifth generation in general terms. In the second project focused on expected architectures for the future 5G mobile cellular networks.
5G Network and it was a joint study with Jawwal company
(2018) Salahat, Ghada; Hatim, Wejdan; Omar, Mena; Dama, Yousef
Due to the huge technology evolution nowadays, the world is moving towards implementing new advanced networks aimed to provide better services. 5G will need to meet very challenging requirements and cover a wide range of scenarios and services. The evolution path and the system concept of the 5G radio access are quite important for the successful migration from LTE-Advanced to 5G and the effective integration of key radio access technologies. The purpose of this project is to take a step toward clarifying architectures for the future 5G mobile cellular networks. In the first project focused on understanding previous generations such as 2G,3G, 4G and understanding some concept in communication system such as handover, modulation, fullduplex, beamforming and studying the fifth generation in general terms. In the second project focused on expected architectures for the future 5G mobile cellular networks.
5G Propagation Models
(2017) Esawi, Hala; Masri, Hana; Abu Assab, Shorouq; Dama, Dr.Yousef
Future mobile communications systems are likely to be very different to those of today with new service innovations driven by increasing data trafﬁc demand, increasing processing power of smart devices and new innovative applications. To meet these service demands the telecommunications industry is converging on a common set of 5G requirements which includes network speeds as high as 10 Gbps, cell edge rate greater than 100 Mbps, and latency of less than 1 msec. In our first project, we present a preliminary overview of the 5G channel models for bands up to 100 GHz in outdoor scenarios. Then it we focus on extensive simulation using ray tracing across frequency bands from 6 GHz to 100 GHz with stress on 50 GHz band. Shifting from voice to multimedia services is the new focus of wireless communication. There is a growing concern in providing and improving radio coverage for mobile phones, short range radios and WLANs inside buildings. The need of coverage appears mainly in office buildings, shopping malls, train stations where the subscriber intensity is very high. The cost of the one of indoor wireless systems and also cellular systems depend heavily on the number of base stations required to achieve the required coverage for a given level of field strength. Already there are diverse optimizations methods published which can be applied to the optimal design of such indoor networks. Common drawback of the methods is the slow convergence in a complex environment like the indoor one. In our second project, we focus on 5G channel models indoor scenarios. We made many trials and applied a certain mechanism within specific steps. After a lot of analysis and calculations we get a rule equation representing path loss for indoor scenarios.
Analysis the Performance of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network- Simulation Based
(2017) Afaneh, Wafa; Bani Odhe, Doaa; Tarapiah, Dr. Saed
Recently, Internet becomes an important significant factor of our lives; the dream of a Wi-Fi enabled city is becoming closer and closer to reality. The Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network, or VANET, is a technology that considers moving cars as nodes in a network to create a wireless mobile network. VANET turns every participating car into a wireless router or node, allowing cars approximately 100 to 300 meters of each other to connect and, in turn, create a network with a wide range. As cars fall out of the signal range and drop out of the network, other cars can join in, connecting vehicles to one another so that a mobile Internet is created. It is estimated that the first systems that will integrate this technology are police and fire vehicles to communicate with each other for safety purposes. VANET offers countless benefits to organizations of any size. Automobile high speed Internet access would transform the vehicle’s on-board computer from a basic service tool to an essential productivity one, making virtually any web technology available in the car. While such a network does pose certain safety concerns (for example, one cannot safely type an email while driving), this does not limit VANET’s potential as a productivity tool. It allows for “dead time”—time that is being wasted while waiting for something—to be transformed into “live time”—time that is being used to accomplish tasks. A commuter can turn a traffic jam into a productive work time by having his email downloaded and read to him by the on-board computer, or if traffic slows to a halt, read it himself. While waiting in the car to pick up a friend or relative, one can surf the Internet. Even GPS systems can benefit, as they can integrated with traffic reports to provide the fastest route to work. Lastly, it would allow for free, VoIP services such as Google Talk or Skype between employees, lowering telecommunications costs. We intend to use wireless simulation program in our project because it an open source network simulated ensures environment study and analyzes various networks , provide efficient simulator to design VANET (vehicular Adhoc network) , and minimize over head in simulation. Moreover, we are looking to study the VANET performance in many aspects such as, end to end delivery delay ratio, loss probability, stack overflow… Vehicular Ad-hoc Network is one type of network are developed to control traffic, avoid accident and to reduce unwanted defects occurred by traffic network. Nowadays, various new vehicles are developed with more features and methodology which is completely achieved by a VANET projects.
Application For PLC using Sound Command
(2021) Aqil Faris, Rahma; Abdallah, Rawan; Dwaikat, Abdulhaleem
The main objective of the project is to make PLC smart with Sound and Insert it into a smart Home field behind KNX system, because when it compared with this system it’s clear that its cheaper. So, PLC need to receive Sound Command from human through device which can deal with it. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) is an industrial computer control system that continuously monitors the state of input devices and makes decisions based upon a custom program to control the state of output devices, Today’s world of the Industrial Internet of Things (iIoT), and Industry 4.0 programmable controllers are called upon to communicate data via Web browser, connect to databases via SQL, and even to the cloud data via MQTT. Google Home Mini is a smart speaker that can handle many functions of your smartphone using only your voice. The Mini packs the brain power of the Google search engine in combination with other information about you to provide useful answers and actions to voice commands. In this project, relation between PLC and Google home mini has been done. the first step is dealing with PLC using set of instructions to Make it happen then insert Google Home mini using internet to send instruction with Sound Command.
Applying Real Time Intelligent Transportation System Based On Raspberry Pi/GPS/3G Technologies
(2019) Tahan, Sondos; Dweikat, Al’a; Rihan, Imtithal; Tarapiah, Saed
Nowadays, the huge and rapid evolution in the transportation systems motivate to design a model that helps to detect the position of the accident by reach it as soon as possible and save the human lives by increase the road safety. The proposed model can be represented through implemented a smart on-board GPS/3G system to be attached to the vehicles for online monitoring, ticketing and tracking. In case of traffic accidents in somewhere, by using some sensors are attached to the raspberry pi, one of them called shocked sensor, and the other called vibration sensor, which placed on the front of the vehicles, the proposed system will send massage to the hosting server located in police station by using 3G contains information about vehicles such as location, maximum speed, feedback picture, and accident date and time, which detected by using GPS, this will contact to the nearest hospital or paramedics and civil defense. The goals for proposed model is reducing traffic jam, leading to cut the affection of the accident, as a result decreasing the number of casualties. All these are in favor of human safety.
Automatic Blood Determination Using Image Processing Techniques
(2018) Hasan, Sajeda; AL-Athmah, Deema; Masri, Ahmed
In emergency situations, we don't have a lot of time to detect the blood type before transfusion it to another body using the technical methods which done manually at the laboratory ,which could threaten the lives of many patients, since it will have a lot of error due to the human and mechanical error's .Our projects is to develop a new method that can be effective and also at the same time reduce the time for detecting the blood type , this can be done by using image process technique for determining the blood type system. The image processing techniques such as thresholding and morphological operations are used by a MATLAB code can achieve these steps. The images of the slide test are obtained from the pathological laboratory are processed and the occurrence of agglutination are evaluated. Thus the developed automated method determines the blood type using image processing techniques. The developed method is useful in emergency situation to determine the blood group without human error.Our project also created a database that containing the information for each patient, which including their own blood type , in this way we save more time for any blood transfusion .
Automatic Blood Type Determanation System
(2019) Mousa, Aya; Oshebe, Farah; Shaar, Muna; Hasan, Falah
Blood type determination is very important step in emergency situations where there is a need for blood transfusion to save people lives. The traditional blood determination techniques require long time which may delay blood transfusion in emergency situations, and these tests are performed manually by laboratory technicians, which are subjected to human errors, and thus delay saving lives. This project aims to develop a fast, accurate automatic blood type determination system using digital image processing techniques. This system is very useful in emergency situations. To implement the automatic blood type determination, a blood sample is taken into test slide. An image for the blood sample is captured by camera then processed using image processing techniques such as thresholding and morphological operations to enhance the image .The next step is to use features extraction algorithms such as Object counting, SIFT, SURF and ORB to decide the blood type accurately. The project aims to implement these algorithms for blood type determination and compare between them to adapt the algorithm with the best results based on accuracy and time requirements
Automatic Class Attendance System Based On Face Detection And Recognition
(2017) Berawi, Ala; Makhlof, Sujod; Hanani, Samah; Abu-Zaid, Naser
Human face detection and recognition is an important technology and has been used in various application.This abstract reports student attendance system. Since every school, college,And library attendance is mandatory. Traditional method for taking attendance during lectures such as calling student name and recording the attendance, is a waste of time when done by hand. To avoid these losses, we use automatic attendance system which depends an image processing face detection and recognition. The student data base is collected. The data base includes name of the student, their images and number.The camera will be connected to the Raspberry pi module. This Raspberry pi module will be installed at the front side of class in such a way that we can capture entire class.Thus with the help of this system. Time will be saved and we can take attendance at any time.
Automatic Class Attendance System Based On Face Detection And Recognition
(2017) Berawi, Ala; Makhlof, Sujod; Hanani, Samah; Abu-Zaid, Dr.Naser
Human face detection and recognition is an important technology and has been used in various application. This abstract reports student attendance system. Since every school, college, And library attendance is mandatory. Traditional method for taking attendance during lectures such as calling student name and recording the attendance, is a waste of time when done by hand. To avoid these losses, we use automatic attendance system which depends an image processing face detection and recognition. The student data base is collected. The data base includes name of the student, their images and number. The camera will be connected to the Raspberry pi module. This Raspberry pi module will be installed at the front side of class in such a way that we can capture entire class. Thus with the help of this system. Time will be saved and we can take attendance at any time
Cellular Load Balance Analysis
(2019) hamdieh, Jinan; khalili, Mahar; jaber, Ward; Tarapiah, Saed
Our graduation project name is “Cellular Load Balance Analysis”, where we present our practical work in the cellular capacity demands, in order to provide subscriber good quality of services and to reduce energy consumption in the whole cellular system, all of these led us to use several algorithms. In our project we will discuss two of these algorithms which are BTS Power Saving in 2G and the Cell breathing in 3G, also we will simulate the cell breathing concept using Matlab and we will show our real practical results that we got from the field. the first one simply means turning off and on the TRXs or the whole site depending on the traffic load on the base station, and the second one basically means shrinking in or expanding out of the cell also depending on the traffic load, at end we achieved the desired goals in both algorithms, such that, in 2G we were able to reduce the consumed power by the BTS as the results we reduced the OPEX, also the interference level between cells and base stations is decreased and finally the quality of service stayed unaffected. In 3G, we achieved the power reduction but when comparing it to the BTS power saving in 2G it’s relatively low yet the basic purpose was accomplished which is the customer satisfaction, in addition we reduced the cost by two ways which will be discussed in details later.
“ Coexistence between LTE and WiFi on 5 GHz “with corresponding deployment scenarios
(2019) Hamarsheh, Noor aldeen; Khwaira, Yahya; Masri, Ahmed
The use of Unlicensed spectrum by mobile network operators, particularly the 5 GHz band has recently attracts considerable attention, also there is an increasing demand for high data rates in wireless communication systems and since current licensed spectrum is of limited physical extent, new licensed frequency bands are becoming rare and expensive. To respond for this increased in wireless communication capacity demand the innovation focusing on techniques that enable better use of different types of spectrum for traffic off load, including unlicensed band is needed. Our study will focus on how to adjust the resource allocation and interference level adaptively according to the network condition, using a throughput ratio criteria acceptable to all users and without incurring excessive communication overheads, ensuring that LTE can coexist with Wi-Fi friendly and fairly by also complying with regularity requirements, we will investigate mechanisms capable of enabling coexistence and introduce a scenario oriented decision making methods for coexistence. 1. We will study the existing solution and compare between them. 2. We will use an open source simulator. 3. Based on the simulation we will modify the methods of coexistence. Where Licensed spectrum is used as an anchor to provide a robust connection, while unlicensed spectrum is operated as a secondary resource to enhance speed. Since LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) provides subscribers with higher-quality mobile voice, data, and video experience in high-traffic or low-signal locations, a fair coexistence mechanism with other networks, like Wi-Fi, or other LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) is essential. Where we propose two coexistence mechanisms that could be employed to ensure a fair channel access. First, we will present the coexistence mechanism fundamentals, and then downlink system performance of LBT coexistence mechanism are analyzed for multi-operator LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) deployments with different simulation scenarios. Comparing downlink performance of different scenarios driven by existing the LBT coexistence mechanisms and proposed some modifications coexistence mechanisms, first we introduce the most trustworthy coexistence mechanism, and then the high-performance coexistence scenario is provided. We conclude that Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) can coexist with Wi-Fi without impacting Wi-Fi more than an equivalent Wi-Fi network. In other words, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) is a better neighbor to Wi-Fi than Wi-Fi itself. In addition, using NS-3, simulation results to demonstrate the excellent performance of this coexistence mechanism and scenario.
Controlling Robot Car via Smartphone
(2014) Hareth Hanani; Esmat Hedariya; Hamza Qaddara; Jamal Khrousheh
Abstract Robot Car is a System designed for robot controlling implemented with many features, and is a robot that can be controlled via Smartphone. This system uses microcontroller interfaced with different modules such as Wifly module and Bluetooth module and DC motors and different sensors to detect obstacles and the movement of objects. When anyone wants to use this robot all he can do is to have smart phone (Android device) that connect to Bluetooth then Bluetooth module will send the data serially to the microcontroller and the controller will send the command to motor to rotate and control the robot, this enable users to control their robot from distance up to 100 meter and user can read the status of the robot on their app when they send the command to the robot car.
Design and Implementation of a High Frequency Local Oscillator (2.4GHz-450MHz)
(2015) Aseel Abdou; Isra Subhi; Dina Sholi; Ahmad Masri
Abstract With the rapid development in the area of RF and wireless communication, the interest in frequency synthesizers has grown rapidly in the last few years. The high frequencies (2.4 GHz or 5 GHz) used by Wi-Fi mean that signals cant travels for long distances and penetrate buildings so it is difficult to reach the rural areas. Since the frequency synthesizer depends on a high efficient design of mixer and high frequency local oscillator (LO), our graduation project revolves around how to design the local oscillator at a high frequency 2GHz and describes the implementation and design work of the mixer at 2.4GHz for TV broadcast band (400MHz to 800MHz).In our design we choose to work on an empty available TV channel at a fixed frequency which is 450MHz. Our design is implemented by using the negative resistor configuration for oscillator and for the mixer we designed three types and compare between them to prove finally that double balance mixer has a better conversion gain compared to Non Linear Transmission Line (NLTL) and single balance mixers ,Schottky diode was adopted for mixer circuit. Also the simulation and the measurement results are involved in this project.
Design and Implementation of an Environmental Monitoring Network
(2018) Yasmeen Salhab, Yasmeen; Aseel Naser, Aseel; Rand Taslaq, Rand; Saed Tarapiah, Saed
Development in technologies have evolved during the past 10 years, especially in the communications field, which opened the door to think of many things such as Internet of Things (IOT) which is the major incident. In addition to that, thinking of environmental monitoring system between a set of cars as part of the IOT. It is worth to mentioning that environmental monitoring is often criticized as being unscientific, too expensive and wasteful. While, integrating communication techniques into environmental monitoring techniques will lead to more accurate results and cheaper comprehensive systems. This report will discuss the design and implementation of environmental monitoring system, which will use two sensors Ultraviolet(UV) and particle concentration(PC) sensor in air (air quality) where additional sensors can be added in the future. The results and the locations will be transmitted in real time to an Android application, which will then be relay them again from the application to a server. Speed will be taken into consideration into the analysis since the system will work inside a moving vehicle.
Distance Protection and Monitoring Of a prototype Power Substation Using GSM Technology
(2017) Jaber, Azhar; Salem, Israa; Subhi, Dr.Kamel
In our project, we aim to build a prototype system that will provide an interface between the power substation and the network operator. This system is used to measure the electrical parameters in power substation like voltage, current, phase angle, power factor and frequency and send a real-time value over GSM network using GSM Phone. Then according to the readings from different substations the operator can decide the suitable action to be sent to the substation like turning on and off loads or increasing or decreasing the voltage. This system can provide a remote monitoring and control for the power substation by using GSM wireless communication. Mainly, the objective of this project is to minimize equipment damage and maintain power system stability by developing a wireless communication link to monitor and control equipment that are far away from the user and also develop a high security system.
DWDM TECHNOLOGY PALTEL TOPLOGY FOR PALESTINE
(2017) Nermeen Saleh; Dima Khalil; Salma Soufan; Yousef Daama
ABSTRACT This project aims to design a DWDM optical network for PALTEL Company. The design includes performing link budget taking into account the fiber span and the losses that may on the network. Moreover, studying and analyzing the services that must be carried on the network to determine the required number of lambdas needed for the transmission in addition to provide the right paths for routing the services between the nodes in the network, providing protection for the design to ensure that the network is fault- tolerant and impervious to outages. This is done by assigning secondary paths that work as backup in the case of link failure. In this project we have also implemented a desktop application based on Java Language for the purpose of monitoring and managing the DWDM network. It includes set of modules, the first module works on finding the best available route between two nodes when a new lambda needs to be defined on the network. The second module is used in the case of link failure or fiber cut, it retrieves all the customers available on the affected link , estimates their carried traffic and finds a new temporary route to carry the traffic. The rerouting is done for the highest priority customers only. The third module keeps tracking for the utilization of the traffic on the international links , and gives an indication when the capacity exceeds the limit on a certain link .

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