Urban and Regional Planning

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Accessibility Measures to Public Services in Palestinian Cities: The Case of Nablus City
(2007) Ghrood Ghaleb Subhee Awadeh; Dr. Khaled Al-Sahili; Dr. Ali Abdelhamid
The distribution and planning of public services is considered one of the major objectives of city planning due to its direct relation with serving residents, meeting their needs, and their accessibility to these services. The Palestinian cities in general and Nablus city in particular are suffering from the random distribution of public services without referring to the planning regulations that are based on population density and range of these services. In addition, there is a difficulty for the inhabitants of some residential districts, especially the outer ones and the suburbs, in accessibility to basic services like education and health. The major aim of this thesis is to study and analyze the current situation of public services in Nablus City as a case study through the application of certain accessibility measures to these services. The methodology of the study was based mainly on the descriptive and analytical methods using the available data and the field survey of public services as well as the results of the questionnaire distributed to a random sample in the city to measure the accessibility and determine the difficulties in access to these services. The results of the study indicated that there is a medium degree of accessibility to public services for most districts in Nablus City except some suburbs like Kufr Qallil, Zawata, and Roujeeb, which face difficulty in access to these services. Also, the results showed that there is a medium degree of difficulty in most districts and a high degree of difficulty in the suburbs to access to public hospitals. For other services like public libraries, banks, and post office, the results indicated that there is a medium degree of difficulty in access to such services from most of districts in the city. The results of the study have referred the difficulty in access to public services in Nablus City to certain factors, the most important being the long distance from public services, traffic congestion, and the absence of public transportation. The study suggested providing certain public services in specified locations in the city of Nablus so that to cover the shortage in distribution of these services throughout the city; and to provide better accessibility for these services to the surrounding neighborhoods. The study recommended the necessity of using the accessibility measures as a basic factor in the planning and distribution of public services in the city. In addition, it recommended the necessity of undertaking a traffic plan for arranging the transportation network, and the provision of public transportation service in Nablus City. Finally, the study recommended the importance of preparing similar studies in other Palestinian cities on the regional scale including the city and its surroundings.
Analysis and Evaluation of Current Situation of the Food Industries in Nablus City
(2007) Mahdi Othman Mahmoud Al-Aghber; Dr. Ali Abdelhamid; Dr. Azziz Salem Dweik
This study is concerned with the analysis and evaluation of current situation of the food industries in Nablus city in terms of the importance of industrial location, decision making in allocation of industries, as well as identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and available potentials to develop these industries. The major aim of this thesis is to identify the significant factors that affect the selection of the food industries in Nablus city, and determining the factors that contribute to the development and promotion of these industries. The methodology of the study is based on the descriptive and analytical research methods, using the tools of the questionnaire and field survey of the locations of food industries in Nablus, and the available data from the related official sources. The results of the study have indicated that most of the problems and obstacles facing the sector of food industries in Nablus city such as obstacles in importing raw materials and exporting the products are due to political and security condition as well as the measures taken by the Israeli occupation. Also, the study indicated the significance of the competition, capital and transportation cost factors in the selection of the location of these industries. The study has recommended the necessity of protecting the food industries and both the local and national products. In addition, it emphasized the necessity of making future plans for the food industries in Nablus city in the light of the need of local and national markets, and the requirements of the general planning of the city.
Analysis and Evaluation of Development in Palestine using Urban Carrying Capacity Assessment System: Tulkarem Governorate as a Case Study
(An-Najah National University, 2018-04-01) إيهاب حجازي, علي عبدالحميد
This study examines the analysis the development in Tulkarm governorate using the urban carrying capacity assessment system during the period (2005-2016), which is defined as the maximum level of human activities, such as population's growth ,land use and physical development without considerable degradation and damage. The problem lies in this study is that the Tulkarm governorate developed highly and intensely during the period (2005-2016), Consequently, more pressure was put on natural resources. However, this rapid development may does not commensurate with the urban carrying capacity. This, in turn, leads to persistent and permanent problems, especially those related to population and overlapped land use, which jeopardize the natural resources . In addition to the impact of the political factor that limits and prevents the achievement of the potential development, which is compatible with the urban carrying capacity of the governorate, where there is enough area that can be exploited in the case of absence of the occupation to guide and achieve the best development that preserves the governorate in a sustainable manner. This study aims first to analyze ,and evaluate the development in Tulkarm governorate using the Urban Carrying Capacity Assessment System (UCCAS) through building up a Framework of factors of urban carrying capacity. Therefore and in order to determine the change in the development in the governorate and identify the influential factors of carrying capacity. the researcher divided the study , according the available data, into two periods : (2005 and 2016) , used GIS for built up spatial databases for the study periods, and used aerial photographs (Orthophotos 2005 and 2016) for the sake of review and audit. secondly, planning for potential development scenarios in terms of carrying capacity in both cases with and without the geopolitical situation of the Governorate to develop it in a convenient manner in case of land availability and suitability. The results showed that the urban carrying capacity of the Governorate was determined mainly by two factors: population density and agriculture land use , and it also showed according to the analyses of both scenarios, that the political factor limits and prevents the achievement of the potential development, which is compatible with the urban carrying capacity of the governorate ,where there is enough area that can be exploited in the case of absence of the occupation to guide and achieve the best development that preserves the governorate in a sustainable manner. Based on these results, the researcher came up with the following recommendations: establishment of a geospatial database based on Geographic Information System (GIS) for the classification the land uses accurately. The researcher also recommends, to prepare ways to control future developments in any area of Palestine within its urban carrying capacity, and application of this methodology of different levels and characteristics of urban environments in Palestine to achieve to achieve the desired sustainable development.
Analysis and Evaluation of Governmental School Buildings in the West Bank
(2003) Nazih Omar Mohamed Yousef;
The state of education in Palestine was and still suffering from various problem and obstacles related with the design of school buildings according to the basic standards and regulations concerning the area, number of classes and students as well as services. In order to deal with this situation, several governmental and non-governmental institutions, which appeared in the West Bank, have been trying to build schools. This study constitutes an analysis and evaluation of how much the governmental schools were able to deal with this situation by showing the proportion between the construction price and the ability to solve problems related students' achievement and performance from one side and the architectural design of school from the other side. In addition, the study aims at seeking the applicability of governmental Palestinian schools to standards of formal schools in other countries. The study is based upon three major parts. The first part includes the study of evolution of education and schools in Palestine with emphasis on the current situation in terms of types and characteristics of schools, and the range of meeting the population needs as well as identifying the problems and obstacles they are facing. In the second part, some theories, models and concepts concerning planning and design standards of schools are reviewed. Consequently, in the third part, the governmental schools in the West Bank are analyzed and evaluated according to theoretical bases in the second part. Then, certain results and recommendations are given in order to develop the current situation of education by improving the activity of schools and their applicability to planning and design standards. To achieve the aims of the study, the author used the historical descriptive research method while studying and reviewing the development and evolution of education in Palestine. Also, he depended on the filed survey of existing governmental schools in the West Bank, by using questionnaires, interviews and observations. Moreover, the author used the analytical method in analyzing and evaluating the collected data and identifying the positive and negative aspects as well as problems facing these schools in terms of buildings, students and teachers. As a result, the study indicated that the governmental schools in the West Bank are affected by various factors such as the location, area and the allocated financial resources. Also, it indicated the inapplicability of most of these schools to the applied planning and design standards. Finally, the study emphasized the necessity of building governmental schools on accurate bases in terms of the relation between the site of school and surrounding communities, and also the applicability to design standards and building regulations.
Analysis and Evaluation of Land-use Patterns in the Town of Jericho
(2006) Hussein Mohamed Sa'd Alnojoom; Dr: Ali Abdelhamid
This study is focusing mainly on studying and analyzing the land-use patterns in Jericho city during the 20th Century, through reviewing the structural plans, regulations and laws that were prepared during this century. The main objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate various land uses by identifying weaknesses in the prepared plans, and trying to put some recommendations and proposals which help create land use plans for in the city of Jericho in a scientific way, so as to enable the city in achieving its goal and performing its functions properly without clashes, or deformation, and meeting citizens and local community requirements in the modern age. The methodology of the study was based on the descriptive analytical method in analyzing the structural plans and planning rules and their impact on the city of Jericho depending on the available data and the experience of the author through his work in the Department of Local Government in Jericho. The results of indicated the negative aspects in the city, such as the overlapping and interference of land uses as well as the ignorance of previous structural plans to certain necessary and significant uses. Also, the study emphasized the urgency of preparing and approving a new structural plan for the city, which regulates the existing land uses and identifies the future or proposed uses in the coming period. Moreover, the study recommended the necessity of enhancing and straitening the touristic role and value of Jericho city as well as emphasizing the conservation of the historical and cultural areas and sites in the city, besides developing the sector of public services and facilities that support and enhance the touristic role of Jericho.
Analyzing and Evaluating Visual Pollution In Tulkarem City (Center of Tulkarem City – Case Study)
(2009) Mohammad Talal Jamil Khaled; Dr. Mohammad Atta Yousef
This study aimed to investigate the phenomenon of visual pollution in the city of Tulkarm, as an example of the Palestinian cities, identifying it’s manifestations, the impact of these manifestations into the general scene in the city, and to propose treatment recommendations for municipality of Tulkarem and related institutions. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher recognized and documented with figures and charts the manifestations of visual pollution in the city, and also designed questionnaire to assess the phenomenon of visual pollution. The questionnaire was validated and distributed to a stratified random sample of size (196) of engineers and others. The researcher revealed the following results - The most important aesthetic elements that must be met is the water fountains, the night lighting, and the walls of cinema. - The elements that have most contribution to the visual pollution are the places of supply of goods, umbrellas, kiosks. - There is a negative role for the municipality of Tulkarem in the rebuilding and planning of the square of Jamal Abdel Nasser. - The places of selling goods, traffic congestion and narrow streets are the biggest planning and environmental problems faced by the city of Tulkarem . - There is a very big role lying on the Tulkarem municipality to find parking, guiding plates, street lighting, and removal of places of selling goods, and the development of waste baskets, standardization of billboards, the restoration of old buildings, and to identify the pattern and system of each street, the redesign of the city center. In the light of the study, a set of recommendations were concluded, as follows. - The necessity of setting appropriate laws and legislations, to curb the further spread of the phenomenon of visual pollution, particularly with regard to building. - Caring of a unified model for advertisements, and their location, and the spaces allocated to them. - The need to redesign the square of Jamal Abdel Nasser. - The need for the restoration of old buildings to create a state of coherence and harmony between the two types of buildings throughout the city.
The Applicability of Knowledge-Based Urban Development in Urban Development Processes in Nablus City: An-Najah National University and their Neighbourhoods as a Case Study
(An-Najah National University, 2021-04-21) كتانه, شروق خالد تميم
Over the past several years there have been several discussions about the approach of knowledge-based urban development (KBUD) in urban planning and development processes, which is mainly based on developing the city and spatial environments to meet creative, productive, smart, and knowledge worker’s needs. Moreover, KBUD concentrates on how to provide a better life quality for residents, workers, students, and visitors of a city. Space here is a force of production, especially universities, knowledge and education institutions, cultural centers, interaction places, and recreational centers which play a prominent role in creating environments that generate and attract employments from around the world to live and work within the city. Therefore this study is focusing on how the An-Najah National University campuses (ANNUC) in Nablus city are integrated together and with the urban fabric to create a knowledge precincts spine between the two campuses made up of educational and recreational centers to fulfill the student’s, worker’s, and resident’s needs. In addition to examine the applicability of KBUD approach in the city. The identified need for this research is to examine which spatial and environmental considerations must be taken into account at ANNUC’s neighborhoods in the urban development processes to achieve KBUD in Nablus, which are assumed to be different from conventional universities claims.
Assessment of the Master Planning Practices in the Palestinian Rural Areas under the Israeli Occupation in the West Bank
(An-Najah National University, 2017-12-20) منصور, ريما جهاد سعود; عبد الحميد, علي
This study deals with the planning process in the Palestinian areas under Israeli occupation or the so-called Area(C), as well as the importance of these areas as the extension of the Palestinian rural land. The objectives of this study are: analyzing the process of rural planning in Area (C), assessing and analyzing the master plan practices in the Palestinian rural areas under the Israeli Occupation in the West Bank, examining the criteria and objectives accredited by the international and regional planning, including: economic, social and environmental objectives and enhancing the value of the Palestinian rural areas. Three Palestinian villages from the Palestinian rural area in Area (C) were reviewed and analyzed as cases of study. Each case has been studied separately. The researcher tried to study how much of the master plans with the criteria of rural planning have been achieved. This is also an attempt to address the weaknesses and strengths of the structural planning practices in the Palestinian rural areas in Area (C). The study follows the analytical descriptive method, which is concerned with collecting the facts and analyzing particular aspects of the study. The researcher has also used both the quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods since they are relevant to the purpose of the study. The study shows the uniqueness of the Palestinian situation in the planning of the Palestinian rural areas under the Israeli occupation in Area (C) and the planning mechanism, procedures and obstacles together with the assessment of the whole process based on the international situation in rural planning (England) as well as the regional situation (Saudi Arabia). The study proposed certain guidelines together with the respective requirements and limitations in areas under occupation in Area (C). The study recommended to prepare a planning guide for all Palestinian rural areas in general and another one for Palestinian rural areas under the control of the Israeli occupation in particular, and also recommended to start developing regional plans to link the Palestinian rural areas in an integrated manner. The Palestinian rural areas should be studied and researched more and also the local and international efforts should be consolidated to preserve these areas and protect them from confiscation and depletion.
Buildings and Population Qualities in the City Of Tulkram
(2003) Nasr Ibrahim Abdullah Brih;
This study shows the qualities of buildings and population in the city of Tulkarm that the researcher talks about the number of inhabitants in the past and present, the domestic and international migration and the distinctive features of buildings concerning ownership, building substance and other features. The study aims at showing the qualities of buildings and population in the field area, showing the most influential factors in city planning through the structural plans of the city during different periods of time, adding a practical study to the Palestinian Library and trying to enrich it, and helping the different parts of the municipality know the characters of the subject of study and there in need to space to work at providing residents with their requirements and reinforce the role of the city in its region. The researcher based on the descriptive method inhis study to give a comprehensive description for the population qualities and buildings in the city through making use of the consequences of the consensus made for the buildings and population and to get benefited from other previous consensuses; on the other hand, he relied on the analytical method through distributing a special questionnaire for the buildings and population in the area, then he based on the selective random sample that he determined the size of this sample of %5 of the families in the area of study which were 6141 families distributed on five zones, the size of the sample was about 307 families. The researcher has used some other methodologies in making the statistical reports, like frequency distributions, charts, in addition to Chi- square distribution and Chavez Test and other statistical methods. The most important results:- 1. A high average in those who work in the administrative jobs and sale. That the administrative employers were 18.5% and the sale job 29% in the city, that thing referred to the political and economic situation. 2. A high an average in the building structure of stone that they were 60.7% in the centre of the city and this average lowered to 26.3% in the eastern part that most of the buildings there made of bloc 68.8. 3. Buildings consisted of roofs are 60.6% and separated are 39.4%. 4. Most houses were built in the 1970s about 72% and those built before were 15.4%. 5. The close average between the Israeli-licensed houses which were 47.2% and the Palestinian- licensed ones 47.6% though it's high cost. 6. Buildings sized (41-180) m2 were 76.1%. 7. It was found that people who work in the city 77.2% and those working in Israel 8.1% observing that the low average of those working in Israel because of the restrictions opposed by Israel to enter the occupied area of 1948. 8. It was found that most houses are sponsored by husbands 90.3% and those sponsored by wives are 4.2% and children's 0.4%. 9. The family member average is six people each.
By-Pass Roads Effects On The Physical Environment In The West Bank
(2000) Adeeb Ibrahim Suleiman; Dr. Aziz Dweik
During the Israeli Occupation of the West Bank, many physical actions were done on the land. Constructing By-pass roads by Israel in the West Bank is one of these actions. By-pass roads and Settlements are jointly going on in the West Bank, so as to create new facts on the Palestinian ground in the West Bank. This research studies the effects of the By-pass roads on the main fields of the Palestinians life especially on the physical environment of the West Bank. Data about By-pass roads lengths, areas and location were collected and analyzed. Questionnaire, statistics, maps and field visits were used for analyzing the By-pas roads effects. In general it was found that there is a relationship between By-pass roads and Settlements. These two actions succeeded in creating Israeli facts on the West Bank land. So the future of this land is not clear, many fields were affected by the construction of the By-pass roads, such as physical planning, urban development, land use, agricultural lands, economic and environment even the social life of the Palestinians was affected.
Conceptual and Practical Indicators Of Good Governance at Local Palestinian Authorities
(2008) Ayman Taha hasan Ahmad; Dr. Hussein Al-Araj
This study aimed at identifying the reality of conceptual and practical indicators of good governance at the local Palestinian authorities and the extent of the application of its principles from the viewpoint of the members and chairpersons of the local Palestinian authorities and their employees. The study also aimed at determining the role of each variable including: number of the board of authority, its classification, sources of financing local Palestinian authorities, method of forming their councils, academic qualifications of their members, knowing the regulations and laws of local authorities by their crews. This study included a case study of Qalqilia Governorate and its villages. The study population consisted of the chairpersons, members, and employees of the local Palestinian authorities at the Qalqilia Governorate. The study sample consisted of 260 questionnaires distributed on the chairpersons, members, managers and one of the employees of the local Palestinian authorities. The sample was taken at a percentage of 100 % of the study population. To achieve the objective of the study, the researcher designed and used a questionnaire based on some of the literature related to the study subject. The questionnaire consisted of seven parts each of which measured one indicator of the good governance indicators. Each part included five items, making a total of 35 items in the questionnaire. The researcher verified the validity of the questionnaire by qualified experienced arbitrators from An-Najah National University. Validity coefficient was calculated by the researcher using the alpha Chronbach coefficient for internal coherence. To answer the study question, to measure the ranges and indicators, and to test the hypotheses, the researcher used a number of statistical procedures. Findings The study reached the following findings: • The total degree of responding to the fields of good governance indicators was medium. The order of responding to the fields of good governance indicators is in descending order as follows: 1) There is a real presence of the integrity indicator at the local Palestinian authorities, as the percentage of response reached 67.8 % i.e. a medium evaluation. 2) There is a real presence of the efficiency and effectiveness indicator at the local Palestinian authorities, as the percentage of response reached 67.6 % i.e. a medium evaluation. 3) There is a real presence of the questioning and law enforcement indicator at the local Palestinian authorities, as the percentage of response reached 67.4 % i.e. a medium evaluation. 4) There is a real presence of the transparency indicator at the local Palestinian authorities, as the percentage of response reached 67.2% i.e. a medium evaluation. 5) There is a real presence of the decentralization and independency indicator at the local Palestinian authorities, as the percentage of response reached 66 % i.e. a medium evaluation. 6) There is a real presence of the satisfying the needs of the community indicator at the local Palestinian authorities, as the percentage of response reached 63 % i.e. a medium evaluation. 7) There is a real presence of the community participation indicator at the local Palestinian authorities, as the percentage of response reached 62.8 % i.e. a medium evaluation. • The study findings showed that the variable of the academic qualification of the members of the local Palestinian authorities and their numbers do not affect good governance at the authorities. • There is a significant positive relationship between the knowledge of the members of the local Palestinian authorities of the laws and regulations applied at their authorities and the reality of good governance at their authorities. The more the members of the local Palestinian authorities are knowledgeable of the laws and regulations, the more they are committed to the principles of good governance and moving towards it. • There is a significant relationship between the classification of the local Palestinian authorities and the reality of good governance. If the local authority is classified as a municipality, this classification will be a reason for raising the reality of good governance indicators and its commitment. • There is a significant relationship between the method of forming the local Palestinian authorities and the reality of good governance in it. This means that if the method of forming the authority is based on elections, it will supply a suitable basis for applying the characteristics of good governance. Recommendations The study put forward the following recommendations: • The local Palestinian authorities law should be reconsidered so that they will be granted more decentralized authorities and to abstain from interfering in their affairs to ensure their independency. • It is necessary to complete the laws and regulations related to the work of the local Palestinian authorities and involving them in their formulation such as personnel system. • Efforts should be made to raise the levels of the efficiency and effectiveness of the local Palestinian authorities and their members, to put forward criteria for their nomination, and to be committed to the systems and drafts that call for applying the principles of good governance. To carry out further similar studies to recognize the variables that affect and ensure the application of good governance.
Current Situation and Potentials for Sustainable Development of the Local Communities in Tubas Area
(2008) Ghaleb Mahmoud Hussein Al-Salem; Dr. Ali Abdelhamid; Dr. Rabe'e Uwais
Tubas area is being of one of the significant areas in the West Bank due to its geographic location as a border area and also its agricultural value. In addition, this area faces several problems and constraints resulted from the measures taken by the Israeli occupation including confiscation of land for the purposes of building settlements, constructing bypass roads as well as building the separation wall. Moreover, the area is being neglected by the Palestinian Authority in terms of development projects. This thesis aimed primarily at identifying the current situation and possibilities for sustainable development of local communities in the Tubas area (Tubas, Tammun, Tayasir, Aqaba, Al-Fara). The methodology of the study followed the historical, descriptive and analytical approaches by using some scientific tools such as the questionnaire and interview to provide as much basic information for the study as well as using some other information available from various sources. One of the main findings of the study is that there is no justice in the distribution of public services in the area, which led to distinguish some communities from each other in the study area. The results of the study showed a weakness in medical services, as the region suffers primarily from the lack of any hospital, in addition to a deficit in health centers and a shortage of specialist doctors. Results of the study also pointed to the community's orientation towards the physical expansion in the agricultural land, which threatens the future of agriculture as an important and basic economic resource in the area. The study recommended the need for a justified distribution of public services among the communities in the study area, especially education, health, cultural, and recreational services. Also, the study recommended taking action towards building a hospital in the area aimed at providing the required medical services. Furthermore, the study recommended the need to support agricultural and livestock sector in the area due to their direct and essential role in the development process, in addition to working on reclamation of unused land for increasing the amount of agricultural land and thus increases the chances and possibilities for development.
Current Situation and Strategies for the Development of Local Administration in the Palestinian Territories
(2006) Sana' Qasem Mohammad Haseeba; Dr. Ali Abdel Hamid
This thesis have attempted to examine the Palestinian local administration through reviewing its stages of development, analyzing and evaluating the current situation following the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority The major aim of the study is to evaluate the current situation of the Palestinian local administration under the present circumstances; and to determine the obstacles and difficulties facing it in order to put programs and proposals for a future strategy, which will improve the performance of the local authorities and enhance their role and contributions in the process of development and the establishment of the future Palestinian State. To achieve this aim, the concepts and models related to management systems and local administration was studied. Also, the performance of previous local administration in Palestine was reviewed. The study has adopted a historical descriptive approach in addition to applying the analytical approach to analyze and evaluate the existing situation in Palestine depending upon information and data available through various resources, in addition to the results of the questionnaire distributed to a number of local authorities and related persons in north West Bank. The study's results have pointed out the existence of centralization within the local Palestinian administration system as well as availability of the multi-administrative levels, in addition to the large number of local authorities (particularly newly established municipalities). Also, it revealed the disability of those authorities to perform tasks and duties and meet the needs of citizens. In addition, the study has shown the irrelevance of the local authorities' law to the current situation, and the absence of the vital flexibility to confront challenges and accommodate developments. The study has concluded by pointing out a number of recommendations. The most important recommendation is to reconsider the role and performance of the Ministry of Local Government; so that it becomes only supervising and monitoring role. Also, it recommended the attempt to improve the administrative role of local authorities, and to reduce the administrative hierarchy. Moreover, the study emphasized the enhancement of the governor's role; and the merging (either wholly or partially) of municipalities. In addition, it recommended offering local authorities financial independence; developing the taxation and accountability systems, as well as reinforcing the decentralized administration policy in their relation with the Ministry of Local Government. Finally, the study has recommended the importance of revising a new law for the local authorities containing appropriate legal and legislative texts taking into consideration the participation of all related parties in laying out the proposed strategies, and considering the psychological, behavioral and environmental factors related to the Palestinian people.
Degree of Green Line Influence on Population and Housing Characteristics in Qalqilya Villages
(2000) بشار محمد عبد الرحمن أحمد شتيوي;
Qalqilya has been a governorate since the advent of the Palestinian National Authority in 1994. 1 low ever, Qalqilya has always received the interest of all political governments that had governed Palestine. This importance of the city has remained until it became a governorate. The Qalqilya Governorate was chosen as the target population of this study because it is the most targeted Palestinian area by the Israeli colonization policy. It's a matter of fact that Qalqilya, like Tulkarm and Jenin, is one of the important border cities separating between the lands of 1948 and the lands of 1967. Further, in the researcher's opinion, the city has not been studied before. This study focused on the rural areas belonging to Qalqilya Governorate. The areas have been chosen on the basis of the geographical distance from the Green Line. The researcher selected Habla Village, bordering the Green Line, Jayyous Village, 10 Kin from the Green Line and Kufr Qaddoum, 20 Km away from the Green Line. The three villages were chosen to measure the extent of their closeness and remoteness from the Green Line also called Truce Line. In this research, the researcher used a variety of research methods. The statistical descriptive method was used to make data processing. Chi-Square was used to test the study hypotheses. The researcher also conducted a field study. He designed and distributed a questionnaire tocollect data from subjects of the study in addition to personal interviews and reviews of literature. The researcher used the SPSS statistical method. The reliability of the study hypotheses were proved. It was proved that the Green Line had an influence on traits of family members in terms of A- Age, number of family members, years of schooling, monthly income, age at first marriage. This is attributed to the variable of closeness or remoteness from Green Line. B- Marital status is attributed to closeness and remoteness variable from the Green Line. It was also proved that the Green Line had an influence on characteristics of housing and home conveniences. The differences between Green Line houses and those in the West Bank may be attributed to closeness and remoteness of these from the Green Line. The study found there was an influence of the Green Line on building materials used, size and shape of windows, red roof tiles used, landscape (green areas), guest room entrance, kitchen, number of floors, different levels of the residence ground, window protection bars, special bathroom for major bedroom, and the house electricity supply. The closer the houses were to the Green Lines, the more they were influenced by what was inside the Green Line. However, no influence of closeness and remoteness of Green Line was found on the guest room. Another proved hypothesis was that the Green Line had an influence on nature of family breadwinner's work, place of his work, reason for joblessness of the unemployed, the family financial difficulties and percentage of income spending. Pertaining to the nature of the family breadwinner's work, it was found that work in the public sector would increase as the area got far from the Green Line. Work in construction increased as the area got closer to the Green Line. Concerning place of work, it was found that the work, in the West Bank, would increase as the area got far from the Green Line. Work in Israel would increase as the area got closer to the Green Line. Another proved hypothesis was that the Green Line had an influence on social characteristics: lifestyle in the first year of marriage, presence of relatives inside the Green Line, social relations among the 1948 Arabs, and standard of living among these Arabs. This means that closeness to the Green Line had an influence on social ties. Finally, this study also proved the validity of another hypothesis which maintained that the Green Line had an influence on demographic characteristics such as family fertility in the year past and using Hebrew in daily communication. Concerning fertility in the year past, it was found that the more the Green Line was far, the higher the fertility was. And concerning speaking Hebrew, it was found that the percentage would increased as the area got closer to the Green Line. This means that influence of cultural aspects existing in Israel would increase as the area got closer to the Green Line.
Development and Improvement of Visual and Aesthetic Elements in the Central District of Tulkarm City
(2009) Abdel Fattah Ahmed Ali Al-Qum; Dr. Ali Abdelhamid; Dr. Khalid Hijazi
In the light of the rapid development in most cities today, especially in third world countries, there is an urgent need to take care of the urban environment due to the serious deterioration that these cities faces in their centers, which have become unsafe, unclean, full of waste, and visually distorted, in addition to their crowded streets, and an overlap of old and modern buildings. This requires attention to both planning and architectural aspects, focusing on the visual and aesthetic elements of the urban centers. This thesis aims at examining and analyzing the visual and aesthetic elements of the central district of Tulkarm city, by assessing the current situation of these elements and identify the positive and negative influences, and develop proposals to help improvement of the area aesthetically, functionally and visually, thereby helping to create a visual and aesthetic composition of a harmonious and compatible in terms of urban spaces, green areas, street furniture, and architectural style. The methodology of the study is based mainly on the descriptive and analytical approaches depending on the available information for Tulkarem city and its central district, in addition to a comprehensive field survey and interviews with stakeholders. The results of the study indicated that the center of Tulkarem city is facing a visual distortion reflected in the facades of buildings, advertising billboards, umbrellas of shops and street pavements, as well as the lack of aesthetic and visual elements such as street furniture, green spaces, in addition to the lack of services and facilities such as parking, toilets, umbrellas and places to sit The study concluded a series of recommendations, notably the need for the restructuring and rearrangement of the city center by Tulkarem Municipality through the organization of spaces and arenas, providing the area of street furniture, studying the movement of vehicles and pedestrians in the region, organization of billboards, and the activation of municipal laws and regulations for the protection of historical and archaeological areas in the city center in coordination with the concerned authorities. Finally, the study emphasized the importance of promoting community participation in maintaining the aesthetic and visual elements in the Tulkarm city, and synergy among all institutions of the city and its inhabitants in order to upgrade the city physically and aesthetically, and retrieve its image as a green and clean city.
Development Strategy for Joint Services Councils in North west bank
(2012) Kahir Hafith Abdallah Mahmoud; Dr. Ali Abdelhamid; Dr. Abdul Nasser Makky
This study aimed to investigate strategies to develop joint services councils and their role in the development process by focusing on the governorates of North West Bank through the diagnosis and analysis of the reality of these councils. To achieve the objective of the study، the researcher designed and used a questionnairem, which was developed by reference and build on some previous studies relevant to the subject of the thesis. The study relied on the survey descriptive and analytical research methods to assess the joint services councils depending on the information and data available from various sources, in addition to analyzing the results of the questionnaire that distributed to a number of joint services councils and the concerned persons in North West Bank. The results of the study indicated that the reality of the joint services council is ambitious، despite the difficulties they face، and that there is the desire of the councils to achieve better services and developed management. The study also showed that the presence of joint councils enhanced opportunities to attract funding for the creation of local development. The councils were also able to appropriate between their priorities and the local community and donor requirements. Moreover, the results indicated the presence of fluctuation in the levels of funding depending on the current security and political situation، and that there is a need for a stable source of income from the budget of the Palestinian National Authority to contribute to the local development across the joint councils. Consistent with its results، the study recommended a number of recommendations including the need to create a common database on the work of the joint services councils, leading to better planning of the services provided to citizens, and the need for immediate action to provide development projects for young people and those with special needs as there are of great importance to the investment capacity of young people, and directing it appropriately and development of talent and potential in it. It also recommended the need for councils to provide self-financing and local sources through development projects that belong to the joint councils are manufactured by the joint projects، including productive and industrial projects. Finally، the study highlighted the importance of research in the mechanisms of merging the Palestinian local authorities to reduce their increased number and activate the local development.
Development Strategy of Local Authorities in Jericho and Jordan Rift Valley
(2009) Rashed abdelAziz Ahmad Hamd; Dr.ali abdel Hamid; Dr.abdel Nasser Makky
This study aimed to identify the reality of the local authorities in the area of Jericho and the Jordan Rift Valley (JJRV) through reviewing the stages of the development of local authorities in Palestine in previous periods, analysis and evaluation of the current reality of these authorities. The study assesses the current reality of the local authorities in the area of JJRV under the current circumstances, determines the obstacles and difficulties they face, develops proposals for a future strategy for the upgrading of local authorities and enhance their role and contribution in the development process of the study area. To achieve the objective of the study, the researcher reviewed concepts and models of management systems and local administration, as well as access to the previous stages of the evolution of the local administration in JJRV. The study used a descriptive approach, to assess the Palestinian reality based on available information and data from various sources, in addition to the results of the interview guide which was conducted with all the local bodies in the area of study, a total of 20 distributed between the village councils, joint councils and directors of the Ministry of Local Government (MOLG) in three provinces which constitute the study area. The results of the study indicated the existence of a central administrative system of local authorities and multiple levels of management, and the presence of a large number of local authorities, as well as the inability of these authorities in the performance of their role and tasks to meet the needs of citizens. On the other hand, the study showed the inappropriateness of the Local Palestinian Authorities Law of 1997 to the present reality in the region. Also the study indicated the lack of the necessary flexibility to cope with various challenges and developments. The study recommended that the study region (JJRV) has to be reformulated both administratively and geographically since the region is administratively and financially independent. Also, it suggested that a regional council of the study area including all local authorities should be formed. The tasks of the new council are planning, policy implementation and developing projects in the region. In addition, the study recommended that the existing laws should be reviewed and new laws and regulations be formulated, and also legislate the recommendations included in this study regarding the formation of a regional council of the territory of the Valley. Finally, it is recommended reducing the central administrative of central through reshaping of the role of the Ministry of Local Government to be only supervisory and regulatory over local authorities, supporting the administrative decentralization through the transfer of part of the authorities to the local authorities, not delegated to them.
Directions of Urban Growth in Dura Region
(2004) Mohammed Fwiad Moustfa Dwdeen; Dr. Ali Abd Al–Hameed; Dr. Azeez Dweek
Due to the absence of the national authority that is concerned in the process of planning and development, the city of Dura and its surrounding region had suffered numerous urban problems like the uncontrolled and random growth, the lack of financial resources, and the weak investment in the infrastructure. This resulted in great need to plan the city within its regional framework and its interaction with the surrounding areas whether the villages belonging to Dura, or other minor urban centers that have strong relations with Dura. Those centers are the towns of Dhahriyyeh, Samu, and Idna. The region suffers real urban and planning problem . It lacks modern skeleton plans that regulates the urban development process and puts into perspective the regional and spatial relations between the different parts of the region. This thesis has discussed the directions of the urban development of the Dura region and tried to reach a future vision for its development based on the collected data, statistics, and materials. The major aim of the thesis is to study the existing potential to develop the Dura region that includes the city of Dura, its villages, and the other minor urban centers of the region. The thesis tries to suggest the most suitable method to guide the process of development of the region in order to contribute to finding the suitable solutions for the existing problems and discuss the means to supply the urgent needs for the inhabitants of the region. The thesis has reached several results and recommendations. However the main recommendation was to transform the region of Dura within the suggested borders, into a separate governorate independent of the existing Hebron governorate. The suggested region enjoys great natural and human potential, however in order to achieve this recommendation, all the efforts must be invested in a comprehensive planning process in order to direct and control the trends and directions of the future urban development. This can be explored through the detailed study of the net of regional relations between the city of Dura and the rest of urban centers in the suggested region.
Distribution and Planning of Green Spaces in Nablus City "An Analytical Study of the Eastern District of the City
(2011) Azzam Issam Ezzat Al-Masri; Dr. Ali Abdelhamid; Dr. Iman Amad
This study aimed to search in the distribution and planning of green spaces in the city of Nablus through the diagnosis and analysis of the reality of these spaces, focusing on the eastern district of the city, which suffers from a lack of green spaces and their random distribution. To achieve the objective of the study, the researcher designed and used a questionnaire, which was developed by reference and build on some previous studies relevant to the subject of the thesis. The study relied on the descriptive and analytical research methods to assess the green spaces in the city of Nablus in general and the eastern district in particular, depending on the information and data available from various sources, as well as interviews with stakeholders, in addition to analyzing the results of questionnaire which was distributed to a representative sample of the beneficiaries of these spaces in the district (population, shopkeepers and crafts, school students and university colleges, visitors). The results showed that the east district of the city of Nablus has many unused open spaces, and that the area suffers from a lack of green areas (public parks and spaces) despite being the main eastern entrance of the city and includes a large number of population and educational, trade and craft activities. The study recommended that the municipality of Nablus, as a responsible for the planning and organization of the city, takes into consideration the appropriate distribution of green areas in the eastern district and the provision of recreational places suitable for population growth and take into account the needs of children and their interests, as well as the exploitation of neglected space in the area and increase plantation, especially in the industrial area that suffers a sharp lack and a clear imbalance in the distribution of services and places of entertainment, or planted sidewalks and islands of the streets and public squares. Finally, the study emphasized the need for concerted efforts at the level of public and societal institutions to raise public awareness and promote the citizens' participation in conservation of green areas and spaces in the city of Nablus in general and the eastern district in particular.
Distribution and Planning of Industrial Areas in the Cities of Northern Palestinian Bank
(2003) Abdel Rahim Mahmoud Hasan; Dr. Aziz Dwek
This thesis is different from the previous studies by the database that it relied on. This database has been obtained directly from the field and from the official parties of the Palestinian National Authority. This database is related to the industrial sector in the towns of the Northern Palestinian Districts of the West Bank regarding their development and the available components of industry. their contribution in employment, production and commerce. Et is also related to the obstacles and problems facing the industrial establishments. This thesis has added a number of indicators about the reality of the industrial establishments in the towns of the .northern Palestinian districts of the West Bank. The present study is considered the first of its kind in Palestine because it has covered four towns: Nablus, Jenin, Tulkarm and Qalqilia. It is also a complementary of the previous research carried out by other researchers including the study of Iyad Ahmad ( 1999 ) about the determinants of choosing the industrial locus in the Tulkarm District, and the study of Mustafa Ghanem (1997) about industry in the Jenin District. The study contains comparisons of various independent variables including the locus, the type of industry, and the size of labor, factory ownership, district and their impact upon the locus. Variance relationships among these variables were analyzed by using the SPSS statistical analysis program. It is expected that the findings of this study will give a clear image about the industrial establishments in this respect to the Palestinian Ministry of Industry and Commerce. In this way, it will supply the various ministries with feedback about this reality in order to identify and reinforce the points of strength and to find out the points of weakness so that a corrective program could draw up to treat them. The study seeks to achieve the following aims: 1. To recognize the determinants of the geographical distribution of the industrial establishments in the northern Palestinian towns of the West Bank. 2. To recognize the reality of manufacturing in the northern Palestinian towns of the West Bank regarding: - Locus and the reason of choosing this locus, - Raw materials, - Marketing, - Available services, and - Workers in factories 3. To carry out comparisons in the reality of the industrial establishments in the northern Palestinian towns of the West Bank according to the following variables: - Type of industry: (foods, smithery, carpentry, aluminum, clothes, construction industries), - Size of workers: (fewer than 10), (21-30), (more than 30), - Factory ownership, - Town (Nablus, Jenin, Tulkarm, Qalgilia), and Others. The methodology of this study relied on three major axes: First Axis: general and theoretical framework of the study, reviewing, of concepts and theories related to industrial zones, their distribution and planning, reviewing some previous literature related to the subject of the study. Second Axis: Informational framework about the development of industry in Palestine, and the factors affecting the choice of the industrial locus in the main towns. Third Axis: Analytically and evaluative framework through analyzing the factors affecting the selection of the industrial locations, the problem facing them, and reaching findings and recommendations. The study reached in the following results: - The most important factor affecting the selection of the factory location in the northern Palestinian towns of the West Bank has come in consistence with the findings of the study of Iyad Ahmad Abdul-Hadi (1999) and the study of Al-Hamadani (1991)which showed that the market variable is the most important factor in economic settlement. -The highest ownership of factories is individual ownership (73.08%), and the lowest ownership is public stock ¬(3,04%). -The study findings and analysis showed that the majority of factories in the sample included factories where fewer than 10 workers work (36.3%), followed by workers where (11-20) workers work (32.5%). This finding indicates the small sizes of the factories in the study population. - The factor that has the greatest effect upon the location selection of the industrial establishments is the market variable. - The study showed that the private ownership of the industrial establishments is very high (73.8%) in comparison with the public ownership (3.04%). - The greatest problems that face manufacturing at the factories of the northern Palestinian towns of the West Bank are: border closure and lack of raw materials which might be attributed to Al-Aqsa Uprising and the closure policy adopted by the occupation authorities. - The most available services at factories are: water, followed by electricity and finally sewage. - There are differences in the sources of raw materials, the problems of obtaining raw materials, and marketing problems among the towns of various districts. Nablus suffers from the highest percentage of problems related to raw materials (78.0%), obtaining raw materials (88.2%), and marketing of' factory products (88.6%). This may be attributed to the fact that Nablus contains the largest industrial collection of the northern Palestinian towns of the West Bank (Abu-Shukur and Saleh Alawneh 1991) in addition to its distant location from the Green Line, the severe closure policy adopted by the occupation since the breakout of Al-Aqsa Uprising, the economic blockade, prohibition of importing raw materials, and exporting products. - The greatest problem in marketing factory products is in construction industries (92.1%).

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