Audiology & Speech Sciences

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/15131

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Possible Role of Parental Consanguinity on Having Offspring with Hearing Impairment
(208-05-30) Amal Suleiman; Do’a Haj Hamad; Mhammad Jaber
Hearing impairment could be caused of several factors regardless its type and degree of severity. The etiological role of genetic factors was confirmed in several international cohorts. It was also noted that parental consanguinity was factor for having offspring with HL. In this study, the aim is to test the degree of association of parental consanguinity and hearing impairment in Palestine. This study was carried out on 26 children with variable degrees of hearing impairment from Al-Murabitat school Qalqilya. The Study period started from October 2018 to February 2019 (5 months). We found that about 80.7% of parents were consanguineous. The most common type of consanguinity was first cousins (about 50%). These results are consistent with several national, region and international cohorts. Together, all these studies revealed that parental consanguinity was more common as risk factor of hearing impairment than it was thought before. The practice of consanguineous marriage should be discouraged.
Possible Association of Demyelination and Senserineural Hearing Loss in Multiple Sclerosis
(2018) Athar Khateb; Asala Kabah; Malak Agbria; Dr. Mustafa Ghanim
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) may occur in rare cases of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the frequency of such cases is unclear. This project is to explore the possible association between demyelination and SNHL by searching the related articles in Pubmed published between the first of January 2015 and End of December 2018. Although SNHL was rarely reported in MS patients but its frequency is still higher than that in the general population. Also, the degree of SNHL in MS varied greatly from severe and sudden hearing loss to subclinical hearing defects. This study suggests that demyelination is a risk for different degree of hearing loss. We recommend to regularly check the hearing status as part of the health care of MS patients.
A study of Prevalence of Speech and Hearing Disorders among An-Najah University Students and their Awareness Level toward Audiology and Speech Pathology
(2018-05-30) Fatima Zboun; Haneen Deek; Raghad Amira; Wurud Atrash; Dr. Malik Al-Qub
Prevalence of speech and hearing disorders as well as the awareness of community toward audiology and speech pathology is currently unknown among public in Palestine. Aim:This study reports the results of prevalence of speech and hearing problems among Arabic speaking An-najah national university students and the level of their awareness toward audiology and speech pathology. Methods: A representative sample of 1000 undergraduate students at An-Najah National University was asked to fill a questionnaire. Information was collected based on participants’ gender, residency and governorate. Results: The prevalence of overall hearing and speech problems in the studied sample was 7.6%, out of them, 27.6% had hearing problems and 32.9% had speech disorders. Among speech disorders, articulation disorders were the most common 80% and 20% for stuttering. The prevalence of speech and hearing problem was significantly higher among males than females and among refugee camp resident students than urban and rural students. In terms of awareness, awareness of audiology and speech pathology at An-Najah University appear to be good.
Pure Tone Audiometry VS Otoacoustic Emission in detection / monitoring ototoxicity
(2021) Areej Marie; Aseel Awesat; Hamis Mansour; Rahaf Jubran; Razan Qasqas
Introduction: Ototoxicity is a medical term for ear poisoning (which means ear and toxicity which means poisoning), which results from exposure to drugs or chemicals that temporarily or permanently damage the outer hair cell of the cochlea of the inner ear or the vestibule-cochlear nerve which are responsible for hearing. Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) is used for determining the hearing threshold in a specific clinical setting while Otoacoustic Emissions is the procedure used for detection of outer hair cells to detect and monitor the dysfunctions like ototoxicity. Objectives: To investigate and differentiate between the accuracy and efficacy of Pure Tone Audiometry in detecting ototoxicity which can play a better role in the assessment and diagnosis of hearing dysfunction caused by ototoxic drugs. Method: This review was based on papers published in several resources. Articles, books, journals. All of the studies were chosen using the inclusion criteria; The age of the individual involved in the study, exposure to ototoxicity drugs, type of evaluation performed in the study pure tone audiometry, high frequency audiometry, evoked potential (otoacoustic emissions), and the continuity of the conclusions with the data. The following database were searched from Results and conclusion: Majority of analyzed articles above has shown that the otoacoustic emission is fastest in monitoring\detecting ototoxicity. The Pure tone audiometry may detect the hearing loss but this may get late for our patients. Using a high frequency audiometry may appear earlier than basic pure tone audiometry.
The basic role of hearing aids and the factors for the renounce of elderly people.
(2021) Sojod Haj Yahya; Lama Abu Haiba; Sahar Tawil; Aisha Jaber; Baraa Balalu; Mai Ghnayiem
Hearing aids are developed electronic devices help with amplifying sounds for those with hearing loss to practice their lives regardless of their health status. The study aims to discriminate between positive and negative effects of using hearings on the elderly people who complain of hearing impairment and why most of elderly people rejecting using hearing aids. Scoping study design was used for conducting the study, this study reviews several studies on the topic which applied cross section, interviews and reviews of people of the age 55 and older. Study results have shown that most of elderly people not adhering with the using of hearing devices for multiple reasons as lack of recognition of hearing loss, difficulty dealing with signals in noise, the belief that hearing aids do not have enough usefulness to justify their cost and that using hearing aids can be seen as a shameful act or a stigma. etc. While those who used them reported the potential impact of hearing aids in mitigating cognitive impairment, increasing the ability to engage in everyday situations, and improve the quality of life. Hearing aid devices are important for the elderly community with hearing problems as they assist with making their lives easier. so, it is highly recommended for all those in need.
A Review of the Literature on the Effect of Postpartum Depression on Child Language Development: Risk Factors and Intervention
(2021) Aya Al-Jamal; Bushra Mayaleh; Jihad Bader; Leena Neirat; Razan Zorba
Language is one of the most important acquisitions made during childhood. Several factors play a key role in a child's acquisition of vocabulary such as environmental factors, socio-economic status and interaction with parents. Postpartum depression is one of the frequent disorders in a pregnant woman and it may affect the neurodevelopment of their children. It is common in both developed and developing countries. Post-partum can cause functional impairment at a time when the mother is performing tasks vital to her infant’s growth and development. This article reviews recent research investigating whether there is an association between postpartum depression and infant language development. We studied this relationship because of increased number of mothers with post-partum depression required researches to found how these psychological changes affect the child development especially the development of language. The limited number of researches, especially those in the Arabic language that talk about this relationship, risk factors affecting and the role played by the speech language therapist. A search was made using articles published from 1986 to 2019 and the results were examined for relevance and quality. This review discusses the contributing factors to postpartum depression which can play a role in child language development such as child gender, maternal age, timing of mother depression and how long it lasts, the number of her children (number of sibling for the newborn), home environment, routine and economic situation, mother’s Intelligence Quotient (IQ), gestational diabetes, mode of delivery and mother mental health. Research findings and recent articles provide suggestive evidence of a negative association between maternal depression, and child language development. Conclusions and clinical implications of the research are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.
Diabetes type 2 and hearing loss. What’s the connection?
(2021) Tala Melhem; Roa'a Alomari; Rawand Aslan; Areen Magdoub; Najah Johari
The relation between diabetes mellitus DM and auditory system has been investigated for a long time and still in a debate. Most recent studies confirm the contribution of diabetes for a progressive hearing loss and identiﬁed worse hearing among those with diabetes compared to control participants. But it's not easy to investigate results of metabolic and chronic diseases, one reason is because of comorbidities. comorbidities are considered very challenging when trying to investigate diabetes role in physiological changes, as patients with diabetes may also experience other complications and there is a need to carefully consider whether comorbidity has any influence on the results in order to get a valid data. In addition, there are other factors that affect hearing, and sometimes they are difficult to exclude while conducting an investigation (aging, gender, genetics, and progressive complications). Different systematic reviews have tried to analyze results of studies that described the mechanisms of degeneration in the inner ear and nerve pathways in the presence of diabetes. parametric measures using audiological standardized tests also were used to compare between non diabetic people and diabetic ones, and studied the duration effect on hearing loss progression. This study aimed to confirm the relationship between diabetes type2 as it is the most common form of diabetes, to study the correlation between glycemic control and hearing threshold and to determine the differences between treated diabetic and non-treated ones.In addition, the study compared between the methods used in different studies which denied the correlation between hearing loss and diabetes in order to find the reasons behind the contradicted findings. According to the recent literature, it is widely believed that glycemic level has a direct significant effect on hearing thresholds, causing progressive type of hearing loss that is very related to the duration
Smoking and noise and their effect on adults hearing
(2021) مروه سلمى فوزي عراقي; ملك احسان تحسين عوض; لينا اكرم عبدالله نخال; ريما سفيان عبد القادر ابو حطب; ثراء خالد حسن ابو صلاح; رزان علي محمود موسى
In this research, our group have been interested in collecting information about the risk factors that may affect and worsen the adult hearing. Hearing plays an important role in a person's life giving the ability to communicate quickly and easily with those in the surrounding environment. Based on the World Health Organization statistics on smoking, we noticed that the majority of people are smokers (Tobacco. 2020, May 27), because of this we raised questions, whether smoking had a role in hearing loss. Thus, following that we reviewed various research that investigates the noisy environment for smoker’s population, in addition, in recent years, we have noticed that people tend to use electronic cigarettes, so we wanted to know if this kind of cigarettes - with its components, have effects on the human middle ear and as a result an effect on hearing. Therefore, our research was directed towards talks about the effect of electronic cigarettes on the human middle ear. Hearing loss is the most common sensory issue in the adult populations, it impacts mainly the social, health and psychological aspects of life. To be more particular, adults with hearing loss can face many problems with communication and exchanging information with others, since impaired hearing causes them to have low self-confidence and depression due to the effect of hearing loss on their quality of life, they experience loneliness, alienation, and a lack of self-reliance. However, the importance of management, early recognition and rehabilitation are needed beside the evaluation of quality-of-life status and its estimation. The review expectations from the previous studies that carried out is to look into factors that may improve the impact of smoking and noise on the human hearing and to discuss many of the recommendation to prevent hearing from getting worse. Hearing loss affect the daily life and communication with others due to difficulty in distinguishing speech, this causes the person a feeling of frustration, loneliness and isolation. Which may also lead to psychological, physical and social consequences. In addition, environmental factors such as ototoxic substances, which may lead to the destruction of hair cells in the inner ear due to excessive noise exposure or other factors such as smoking. Smoking spreads all over the world among men and women of different ages, and its effect hearing because of the various harmful effects of tobacco. The most widely used nicotine delivery systems are electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes, which are relatively new products intended to stop smoking). Many recent studies have focused on the issue and combined impact of noise induced and smoking on hearing loss. Several studies have found that smoking affect hearing, especially the high frequencies region and the percentage increases when the person both smokes and works in a noisy environment. On the other side, electronic cigarettes have been found to affect the middle ear function by increasing the incidence of otitis media infection causing conductive hearing loss. There is a big connection between smoking and noise and how they affect the hearing. Noise-induced hearing loss has been identified ever since the industrial revolution. Noise-induced hearing loss is a health and social problem caused by exposure to recreational and occupational noise that comes as the second most common type of sensorineural hearing loss. Noise-induced hearing loss is commonly linked to any excessive sound exposure that has a negative effect on the stereocilia of the outer hair cells on the basilar membrane of the cochlea in the inner ear, when continued exposure to loud noises may lead the outer hair cells to die. Noise exposure is the most common problem a worker can get from the workplace or occupation such as farming and construction work. Studies have shown that NIHL is constant, recurrent and is able to be avoided by using ear protection, hearing loss may also result in annoyance, sleep disturbance, fatigue and hypertension. In cases of the NIHL, audiometric results usually show a sharp deprivation at higher frequencies as these frequencies are more seemingly to be affected by noise starting from 3 kHz to 6 kHz, the shape is likely to be V-dip or notch at 4 kHz to 6 kHz, while the lower frequencies from 500 Hz to 2 kHz seems to not be affected.
The Effectiveness of Articulation Treatment and/or Phonological Treatment of the First Language on the Second Language in Bilingual Children.
(2021) Ahamad Abdo; Aseel Jamous; Batool Mustafa; Jowan Haj Yahya; Rahaf Abdo; Reena Adas
Introduction: The mangers of Speech and Language Therapy (SLT) are responsible to assure the availability of the appropriate services for clients with bilingual and multilingual disorders to guarantee the delivery of an equitable services to all clients. On the other hand, there is a lack of data availability for services planning informing (Mennen & Stansfield, 2006). Objective: This study aims to verify the effectiveness of articulation and/or phonology treatment of the first language on the second language in bilingual children. This can play a crucial role in better diagnosis and intervention, as well as the treatment process which will normalize the patient's life giving it a better quality, encouraging patient to be more involved in the social life and more confident. Methods: This review was based on papers published in several resources such as Frontiers in Psychology, International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, International Journal of Bilingualism, Journal of Communication Disorders, Journal of Communication Disorders, Research in Developmental Disabilities, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology on two databases “PubMed” and “Google Scholar” between 1990-2020. The appraisal tools used in this study is the CASP tool which is easy to use and suitable for students with less research background. Results. The results showed improvements for bilingual children with different tools and due to several aspects, in which the articulation treatment showed that result was a perceptually acceptable in pronunciation of some letters in child both languages. The phonological therapy targeted cluster reduction, but it was only effective in treating first language errors. In speech sound disorders (SSD) therapy results showed that children’s speech improved in both languages with similar magnitude; there was improvement in some nontreated errors. In specific language impairment results showed that Bilingual children with SLI perform at a lower level than the other groups in almost all aspects of achievement in L1. Conclusion: There is a significance of the articulation treatment on both languages, the phonological treatment has significance on the second language but the vocabulary phonological treatment has a significance on both languages, speech sound disorders (SSD) therapy has a significance on both languages.
Comparing the Echolalia Literature: Principles for Speech-Language Pathologists in Diagnosis, Assessment and Treatment.
(2021) Rose Nidal; Salam Ghannam; Layan Shtayyeh; Masa Ayaseh; Nisma Abu Alia
This investigation define Echolalia as the phenomenon where by the words and/or utterances is repeated or reproduced which occurs in some typically developing children (Howlin, 1981), and it can appears with other disorders (Shield, Cooley, & Meier, 2017). The purpose of our review is provide a guide for SLP to determine the type of echolalia, to talk about it in several disorders, and to highlight the importance of SLP presence in assistance of individuals who suffer from echolalia. Using a literature review, this review focused on echolalia characteristics in each disorder, the SLP role in echolalia intervention and measured these results against a similar review. Our primary goal was to create a booklet for the SLP. This review certainly has achieved the desired goals by understanding different aspects posed by the researches on echolalia in different disorders and providing a guide of principles for SLPs about how to deal with echolalia in all processes. Further studies are needed to establish a standard guide for SLP to follow approved steps in dealing with echolalia.
Awareness of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Use of Hearing Protection among Young Adults in Palestinian Universities.
(2021) Amal Zaqqa; Duha Abasi; Asmaa Hussain; Huda Abu Esbaa; Dina Awiwi; Baraa Fatayer
Introduction: Long-term noise exposure can result in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), known as Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). It is one of most common and almost preventable hearing problems Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify and increase awareness of Noise-induced hearing loss and use of hearing protection mainly earplugs among young adults in Palestinian universities. Methods: A non-probability convenience sampling strategy was used, 460 students filled the questionnaire completely. 73.% (n = 340) were females and 26.1% (n = 120) were males, aged 20.3 years ± 1.76) from four Palestinian universities. The questionnaire included 15 close-and open-ended questions targeting health of hearing, noise exposure and perception towards hearing protection, in addition to three demographic items about age, gender and attended university name. The answers were analyzed statistically, and comparisons were made using the t-test. 76.1% of the participants found hearing loss to be a very important issue. Results: Among respondents,72.4% have experienced at least one hearing symptom. 92% of participants showed awareness of noise-induced hearing loss. However, earplugs were used by only 5.2% of participants for hearing protection. This indicates that young adults in Palestine have a high awareness level of noise-induced hearing loss but obvious lack of awareness about the importance of hearing protection. On the other hand, 56.3% were likely or somewhat likely to use earplugs in the future (p < 0.01) after getting information about hearing protection and noise-induced hearing loss. Conclusion: It can be concluded that knowledge and awareness have a strong effect on the attitude of students. The social media, TV shows, educational institutes, audiologist, headphones Sellers and Medical staff have the responsibilities to increase awareness of the danger of loud sounds and use of hearing protection among young adults.
Association of Hearing Loss with Dementia
(2021) شهد سامر عصمت ابو راضي; روز فوزي جمال احمد; رشا "أحمد عماد"يعقوب يعقوب; اماني عادل يوسف شريح; أسيل عبد الله عبد العزيز نجار
Purpose: This review recapitulates a group of studies related to methods for determining the relation between hearing loss and dementia and emphasizing the importance of using a hearing aid in order to decrease the cognitive deterioration in hearing loss individuals. Design: A systematic review. Methods: a systematic review of the literature was carried on 5 electronic databases for example pubmed, google scholar, ASHA, 2 website also using keywords such as dementia, hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, Presbycusis, age-related hearing loss, aging, cochlear implantation, cognitive function, older adults, quality of life, Hearing aids, hearing audiology test, hearing protection hearing loss, mild cognitive impairment, treatment approach management Alzheimer’s disease, brain function, dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, front temporal dementia, and vascular dementia. Results: Three-dimensional connections between hearing loss and dementia are studied in this review hearing loss may lead to dementia through excessive cognitive effort, deteriorated brain areas and functions, and hard social isolation in older people, not treated hearing loss is the Collective prevention solution for the three dimensions. Conclusion: dementia is a common disease, mostly affects adults who have reached the age of 60 or greater, in this age that presents the risk of developing age-related hearing loss which is improved to be one of the basic risk factors for dementia also it is suggested that the risk of hearing loss can be reduced or prevented by recurrent and regular hearing assessment especially after the age of 60 and managing hearing loss using hearing aids or other assistive listening devices.
A systematic review of dysarthria in - Multiple Sclerosis
(2021) Marah Aqil; Shatha Naneesh
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic, inflammatory, progressive disease of the central nervous system (British Medical Bulletin, 2010), leading to degradation of the myelin sheaths surrounding neurons (Nylander & Hafler, 2012), this demyelination resulting in forming plaques that disrupt and damage the nerve conduction with various consequences depends on the site of lesions (Nylander & Hafler, 2012), and as the person gets older it increasing disability . Prevalence varies (< 1 to 193 per 100,000) depending on ethnic and geographical variables (Rosati G, 2001) . MS usually starts in early adult life. Once the disease present it never goes, there is no cure and the patient lives with the diagnosis for the rest of life, the route and prognosis for MS are unpredictable, so as a result it creating depressing changes in the lives of MS patients and their families (Knight, R. G. (2013). Many people with MS, have little trouble and symptoms, but for others patients it causes problems that exert a profound effect on the person’s quality of life (Mult Scler, 2003). The disease is characterized by relapses and remissions depends on attacks number and extent , while the pathology and symptom pattern of MS disease is very variable and varied (Finger, S. (1998). that they include virtually the whole field of neurology, in about two-thirds of patients the symptoms come and go spontaneously (exacerbation and remission). In the remaining third, the course is progressive (Perry A,1982). One of the the common symptoms is sensorimotor changes that affecting bulbar and spinal function (speech and walking) as well as cognition problem , coordination, vision, tiredness, depression, sadness , and pain . Communication problems are also common in MS but they are typically mild.(Yorkston & Baylor, 2012). Dysarthria is the most common expressive communication deficit presenting in MS patients (Hartelius, L., Runmarker, B., & Andersen, O. 2000). Dysphonia, which is a voice disorder, also can co-occurs with dysarthria in individuals with MS sometimes. Dysarthria commonly defined as a motor speech disorder caused by impairment to the efferent pathways that innervate the muscles associated with speech production due to neurological damage (Duffy, 2013). It is characterized by slow, weak, inaccurate, or disorganized movements of the speech musculature. These neuromotor dysfunctions impact the speech processes of respiration, phonation, articulation, and nasalization (Hartelius, L., Svensson, P., & Bubach, A. (1993). The demyelinating lesions that caused by multiple sclerosis disease can result in spasticity, slowness, weakness, and ataxic incoordination of the lips, tongue, mandible, soft palate, vocal cords, and diaphragm. as a results , articulation, speaking rate, intelligibility, and natural flow of speech in conversation are more likely to be impaired in people with multiple sclerosis (Miller, P. H. (2008). The individual with MS, their family member, or a healthcare professional may notice and identify these speech issues. Problems with articulation precision, speech intelligibility, conversational flow, speaking rate, loudness, and voice quality are all common complaints. When these problems intervene with a person’s quality of life specially their ability to communicate for daily needs, a referral for assessment and treatment by a speech language pathologist is recommended (Netsell, R. (1984, November). MS dysarthria has been characterized as spastic or ataxic. it has been discovered that between 40% and 50% of individuals living with MS are affected by it. (Duffy, 2013)
The Role of Speech Language Pathologists in the Management of Swallowing and Voice Complications Resulting from Zenker’s Diverticulum
(2021) Leen Al-Masri; Waed Yaseen; Shahd Sbu Saad; Doha Al-Dabet; Wi'am Hamamra
Introduction: Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD) is an alimentary tract pouch localized in the area of the upper esophageal sphincter and it’s one of esophageal diverticula types that are considered as a health problem that cause serious complications. Speech-Language pathologists (SLP) involved in the management of patients with ZD provide services that include evaluation, diagnosis, and rehabilitation. Objective: To highlight the new trends on diagnosis and treatment, the voice and swallowing disorders that related to Zenker’s diverticulum and reviewing the international experience on it. Methods: The literature review was based on papers published on books, journal articles, and they are between 1973 and 2019, crossing the following headings: Zenker’s diverticulum, esophageal diverticula, Speech-language Pathologist (SLP), swallowing disorders, voice disorders and rehabilitation. Results: Various factors are involved in Zenker’s diverticulum; the most important are being the clinical signs such as dysphagia, regurgitation, voice disorders and chest pain, heartburn, cough, asthma, hoarseness and throat clearing. Zenker’s diverticulum diagnosis must be based on the anamnesis and the symptoms must be evaluated in terms of duration, intensity, frequency, triggering and relief factors, pattern of evolution and impact on the patient’s quality of life. The diagnosis requires confirmation with different exams. Conclusion: Significant improvement in the swallowing and voice disorders of appropriately selected patients can be obtained in a rehabilitation program with properly trained and experienced speech-language pathologists. Treatment options for voice disorders and dysphagia are critical and varied, options should

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