Educational Administration

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Achievement Extent of Total Quality Management Standards at Palestinian Universities in the West Bank Districts as Seen by the Teaching Staff
(2005) Muntaha Ahmad Ali Al-Mallah; Dr. Abed Mohammad Assaf
This study aimed at identifying the extent of achieving the standards of total quality management (TQM) at the Palestinian universities in the West Bank districts as seen by the teaching staff, and its influence by the demographic variables.The study problem was determined by the following question: -To what extent are the standards of TQM are achieved at the Palestinian universities in the West Bank districts as seen by the teaching staff through the four study domains? The study population was (1084) teaching staff and consisted of all the full-time Arabic-speaking teaching staff at the six regular universities in the West Bank districts: An-Najah National University, Arab-American University, Bir Zeit University, Al-Quds University- Abu Dees, Bethlehem University, and Hebron University, holders of Master and Ph. D. certificates during the academic year 2004/2005. The study sample onsisted of (346) members of teaching staff selected randomly by the stratified random sample. The sample represented (32%) of the total number of the teaching staff. The questionnaire consisted of (73) items distributed at the four domains of the study: the Organizational Culture of TQM, Academic, Professional Growth, and the Relationship between the University and the Local Community. The validity and reliability of the instrument were verified by the suitable educational and statistical methods. The value of reliability coefficient of the total degree according to Alpha Cronbach equation was (0.98), which is a very high value. Data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). The study revealed the following results: -The degree of achieving the standards of TQM at the Palestinian universities as seen by the teaching staff was medium with percentage (65%). -There were statistical significant differences between the domains of achieving the standards of TQM. -There were no significant differences according to the gender and age variables. -There were statistical significant differences according to the faculty variable in the academic and the relation of the university with the local community domains. There were statistical significant differences according to the academic qualification variable in the professional growth domain and the total degree. -There were statistical significant differences according to the experience variable in the organizational culture domain. -There were statistical significant differences according to the academic rank variable in the organizational culture domain. -There were statistical significant differences according to the academic rank variable in the professional growth domain. -There were statistical significant differences according to the academic rank variable in the university relationship with the local community. -There were statistical significant differences according to the occupational position variable in the organizational culture. -There were statistical significant differences according to the university variable in the organizational culture. The study recommended the following: -Team work rather than individual work in carrying out works should be used. Principle of authorization in accordance with responsibility should be applied. -More attention should be paid for academic research. Effective efforts should be made to link the studies and research carried out at universities with the community's problems and its comprehensive development issues. Adequate financial support should be supplied to support academic research. -Universities should attempt to provide mechanisms to keep in touch with their graduates and to strengthen relations with them so as to benefit from their notes and opinions about work market since they represent the linking ring between the university and the community. -Services provided to teaching staff at universities including facilities, modifying salary system and offering suitable rewards should be increased and enhanced.
Administrative Control And It's Relationship To Job Performance With The Basic Government Schools Principals In The Governorates Of The Northen West Bank From The Views Of Principals Themselves
(2016) Marah Taher Shokri “Hasan Ali”; Prof. Abed Mohamad Assaf
This Study aimed to identify the degree of applied management control, and the degree of functionality to the basic government school principals in the provinces of the northern West Bank from the views of the managers themselves and their relationship. The aim is also known as the effect of each of the variables (Gender,educational qualification, years of administrative experience, the Directorate and the school site) to control the process and its relationship to job performance with the basic public school administrators in the provinces of the northern West Bank from the views of the managers themselves. The study population consisted of all the basic public school administrators and principals in the provinces of the northern West Bank, in the academic year (2015 - 2016), where numbered (454) principals distributors on basic public schools in the provinces of the northern West Bank, this study was performed on a random sample of the number of members (229) principals. The researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach because they are based on a range of research procedures that rely on the collection of facts and data, classified, processed and analyzed and accurate enough to draw implications and access to the results, especially the topic of the study's recommendations. As for the tool that was used to obtain the results of this study,the researcher prepared (questionnaire), especially the subject of study with the help of literature theory and previous studies related to the study and management reports considerate contain two main sections, which included a (demographic variables) for the study, which formed the first section the variable (Gender, and has two levels: the male and female) and variable (Educational qualification, has four levels: diploma, bachelor's, bachelor's and Diploma, Masters or higher) and a variable (Years of management experience, and has three levels: less than 5 years, from 5 to 10 years, more than 10 years) and a variable (Directorate, has eight levels: Qalqiliya, Tulkarem, Jenin, Tubas, Qabatiya, Nablus, south of Nablus, Salfit) and variable (Location of the school, and has two levels: the village, city). In while,the second section included (73) items distributed on two main axes section (management control, performance career), which contained the first axis (administrative control) (42) items distributed on four key areas: (administrative regulations, administrative records, the overall situation of building school and school committees and meetings), while the second axis contains (functionality) (31) items distributed on four key areas: (administrative level, technical level, the social level and administrative transparency). This is in addition to the researcher to verify the veracity of the tool through submission to the panel of judges who are involved with the subject of study, where the researcher adopted the method of the sincerity of the arbitrators, as the researcher extraction coefficient reaching reliability coefficient (Alpha – Cronbach). The researcher also used Statistical packages for Social Sciences(Spss). The study found a range of results including: 1. The total score for the areas of administrative control to the basic government school principals in the provinces of the northern West Bank from the views of the managers themselves were a mean of (4.66) and a standard deviation of (0.26), this indicates a high level of management control. 2. The total score of the areas and the reality of functionality with basic government school principals in the provinces of the northern West Bank from the views of the managers themselves were a mean of (4.52) and a standard deviation of (0.40), and this shows the high degree of the reality of job performance. 3. There are statistically significant relationship at the significance level (α = 0.05) between the process of management control and functionality to the basic government school principals in the provinces of the northern West Bank from the views of the managers themselves a factor of correlation (0.686). 4. There are statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) in the average degree of management control to the basic government school principals in the provinces of the northern West Bank due to the variable gender in favor of females without males. 5. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance(α = 0.05) in the average degree of functionality to the basic government school principals in the provinces of the northern West Bank due to the variable gender. 6. There are no statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) between the means of administrative control degrees and their relationship to job performance with the basic public school administrators in the provinces of the northern West Bank are due for each of the variables (educational qualification , years of administrative experience, the Directorate , the location of the school). According to the results of the study it reached its researcher pointed out a set of recommendations including: 1. The need to follow some basic government school principals in the provinces of the northern West Bank administrative tasks Almaklh Every member of the two bodies ( administrative and educational ) in their schools, in order to make sure personally from the application of these members to the instructions and laws regulatory and administrative required by the authorities The government official in charge of (Ministry of Education ),in order to prevent any disruption administrative lead to a negative impact on job performance , which in turn is reflected in the level of their achievement in their schools. 2. Keep abreast of scientific developments and the regulatory modern methods on an ongoing basis and in accordance with the Palestinian administrative development requirements. 3. Adoption of the results of the study to be a guide for managers and decision-makers and industry in the Palestinian educational institution to take advantage of the nature of the relationship between the process of management control and functionality which assets they have to employ in the Palestinian educational administrative work. 4. Carry out studies similar to this study discusses the effect of other variables is variables (educational qualification, years of administrative experience, the Directorate, the school site) on the nature of the relationship between the process of management control and functionality and sample other than the (basic government school principals).
The Administrative Practices of the Principals of the Secondary Schools in the West Bank
(1996) رايق مصطفى سلام عامر; Dr. Mahmoud Kuri
The administrative Practices of the Principals of the Secondary Schools in the West Bank. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the actual administrative practices of the principals of the secondary schools in the West Bank ? Methodology: The population of the study consisted of all the principals of the secondary school in the West Bank while the sample of the study consisted of 40 principals (18% of the original population) selected randomly. A questionnaire made up of 58 items was constructed and distributed over ten administrative domains. Validity and reliability measures were taken to ascertain its appropriateness for use in the study. The test-retest method was used to measure the -reliability of the instrument. Validity was checked by having a group of experts review the instilment for content (face) validity. The data were analyzed by conducting t - tests on the scores. Findings: 1 - There is no significant difference (α=0.05) between the means of secondary school principals who are academically qualified or non-qualified. 2- There is no significant difference (α =0.05) between the means of secondary school principals according to administrative experience. 3- There is no significant difference (α =0.05) between the means of secondary school principals according to gender. 4- There is no significant difference (α =0.05) between the means of secondary school principals according to location (village or the city ). 5- There is no a significant difference (α =0.05) between the means of experienced and non-experienced of secondary schools principals. Recommendations: 1. Improve administrative processes of school principals through their involvement in service training and participation in school administration related conferences. 2- Improve administrative processes like organization of Ides, records and coordination of services between school and society. The ministry of Education should initiate training courses in school administration for those purposes. 3- Reduce the work load of school principals to enable them to improve their administrative skills. 4- Conduct further research on the principals role in organizing school. 5- Conduct further research on criteria for principals, selection.
The Aspects at School Violence Among High Public School Students in Nablus Governorate
(2002) Mohdekar Sheep Abuzant; Dr. Ali Hasan Habayeb
This study aimed at identifying aspects of school violence among high basic stage particularly the tenth grade in Nablus Governorate. The study endeavored to answer the following question: what are the aspects of school violence among high basic school students and the tenth graders in particular at government schools in Nablus Governorate? The population of the study comprised all tenth graders (male and females). The numbers amounted to (4.148), the sample of the study represented (10%) of total population, the total number of the subjects was (418) students. The researcher used Haddad and Sawalmehs questionnaires (1993) (Development of Scale to Measure Aggressive Behavior Among Primary Schoolers in Irbid Governorate). However, the researcher introduced a number of changes to suit the purpose of the study Validity coefficient the questionnaire was given to seven Ph.D holders from the college of Education at An-najah National University. They all found the items of the questionnaire valid for the measurement of what it purpose to measure. Pertaining to reliability of the questionnaire it was calculated by using Alpha Cronbach Equation (internal consistency) and total degree of the coefficient of the scale. Reliability amounted to (0.91) and acceptable percentage for making the instrument feasible for research purposes. Every acceptable percentage to the questionnaires were analyses using arithmetic average standard derivation, percentage, T-test for two independent samples, One Way Analysis of Variance, and Persons. Findings: After analysis of data, it was found that there were no statistically significant differences between males and females on the aspects of verbal violence, rejection of social milieu and self-destruction, however there were statistically significant differences between males and females on academic indifference thefts and vandal is as well as the total degree of violence aspects. It was also found that there were no statistically significant differences among students which might be attributed to level of achievement in aggressive, verbal, violence, rejection of social miIieu, theft and decimations. In the light of the study findings, the study recommended that survey studies be conducted to determine areas of behavioral problems in the Palestinian society and investigate, aggressive behaviors or anti - society behaviors. More over the study recommends taking into consideration activating non curricular activities in schools to educate students, reinforce their positive habits and avoid the use of violence and make them study away from hatred, oppression, favorites, aggression.
Aspects of Psychological Alienation Among Governmental School Teachers
(2003) Mahmoud Awad Mahmoud Mosa; Dr. Abed Mohmmad Assaf
The purposes of the study were first , to investigate the degree of alienation among governmental school teachers in the districts of north Palestine on social and academic fields.Second , to investigate the effect of demographic variables of (district, sex, age, qualification, experience, specialization, place of residence, level of income, social status) on teachers alienation. Third , to find out the reasons behind teachers alienation. The population of the study consisted of all male and females govern mental school teachers in districts of north Palestine for the scholastic years (2002-2003). They were (9660) male and female teachers. The sample of the study consisted of (10%) from the whole population which included (966) male and female teachers, and after distribution of the questionnaire the researcher restored (909). To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher prepared and developed a questionnaire to measure the psychological alienation in social and academic fields.It consisted of (43) items. Also , the researcher provides the study with an open question which is : Mention three main reasons make you feel or suffer from psychological alienation? Then, the researcher makes surely of its content validity and reliability of the instrument of the study.Moreover. First, according to the question of the study, it shows the following results: A-The degree of psychological alienation features on social field were ranked successively as follow: (meaninglessness, social solitude, lack of control , lack of norms , indifference) .The percentage of response was(74,6% , 58,2% ,54,4% ,50,6% ,49,2).However , the percentage of response on the collective degree of social filed (57,4%) ; consequently the degree of psychological alienation on the social field is little. B-The degree of psychological alienation features on academic field were ranked successively as follow: (lack of norms, meaninglessness , lack of control , social solitude). The percentage of response was (64,6% , 53,8% , 51,4% ,50,6%) , and the percentage of response on the collective degree of academic field was (55,2%) ; consequently , the degree of psychological alienation on the academic field is little. Second, as for the hypothesis of the study , the study shows the following results: There were no significant differences at level of (α=0,05) in psychological 1-Alienation features among male and female governmental school teachers in districts of north Palestine attributed to the (district, sex, age, qualification, specialization, place of residence, and social status variables). 2-There were significant differences at the level of ( α=0,05) in psychological alienation features among male and female governmental school teachers in districts of north Palestine attributed to the (experience and level of income variables). As for the open question for the instrument of the study, the researcher concluded the following: -Percentages of males in their responding on the open question were ranked respectively as follow: educational causes, social causes, political causes, economical causes. psychological causes, and personal causes. Percentages of females in their responding on the open question ranked were respectively as follow: Social causes, educational causes, economical causes, psychological causes, political causes, and personal causes. As for the collective degree, it was ranked respectively as follow : Educational causes, social causes, economical causes, psychological causes, political causes , and personal causes.Finally , results were discussed , and recommendation were suggested: 1.Conducting modern studies on other Arab societies do not suffer from the occupation conditions to make a comparison between the percentage of Arab societies alienation and in Palestinian society. 2.Trying to Connect the school with the Local Community by activating the role of the board of fathers in order to inforce the place of teacher in the Community. 3.Conducting other Studies in Qalqilya and Selfit governorates have a close relationship in lack of Control and meaninglessness fields to know the common Cause in these two fields.
Assessment of the Ministry's Unified Exams in West Bank Governorates from the Points of View of Administrators and Technicians
(2016) Mohammad Abdul-Kareem Mahmoud AL-qasim; Dr. Abdul-Kareem M. Ayoub
The study aimed at assessing the Ministry's unified exams in the governorates of the West Bank from the perspectives of administrators and technicians in accordance with variables like sex, qualification, experience, career, and the directorate of education. The population of the specimen of the study consisted of directors of education, their administrative and technical deputies, heads of supervision departments, as well as supervisors of school subjects targeted by these tests. The total number of the targeted group is (387), about (340) of these responded. The research adopted the descriptive approach that matches the nature of the study. To achieve the aims of the study, the researcher set up a questionnaire that consisted of (74) paragraphs with six domains for the assessment of the Ministry's unified exams. These include: the policy and aims of the exams along with their rules, technical aspects of exams, stages of exams implimentation, the teachers, the students, as well as the curriculum. The research confirmed the validity and consistency of the questionnaire. The results of the study showed that assessing the Ministry's unified exams from the perspectives of education administrators and technicians were average. The study also shows differences in the assessment of the Ministry's unified exams in the perspectives of education administrators and technicians due to variables like sex, career and the directorate of education. The difference was in favour of males in terms of sex, for education administrators in terms of career and in favour of the directorate of education (Qalqilia, Qabatya, Ramallah, Salfeet, AL-Quds) in accordance with the directorate of education variable. However, no differences are found due to variables like professional qualification, and administrative and supervision experience. In accordance with these results, the study recommends that the ministry of education should show more interest to the recommendations and notes collected by professionals who work in the field of schooling, particularly supervisors who follow up the school subjects targeted by the ministry's unified exams. This feedback should be considered to comprehensively develop and improve these exams. Key words: Assessment, Unified Exams, Administrators, Technicians.
The Assessment of School Libraries’ Educational Efficiency at Basic Public Schools in Palestine from Principals’ Perspectives
(2010) Rula Naim Fathallah Attaher; Dr.Hasan Muhammed Tayyem; Dr.Abdul Karim Ayyoub
This study aims at recognizing the assessment of school libraries’ educational efficiency at public basic schools in Palestine from principals’ perspectives due to educational department (geographical site), sex, scientific qualification, managerial experience, scientific specialization and school location (city,village,camp) variables. The society consists of all public basic schools’ principals in Palestine during the first semester of (2009/2010) scholastic year, numbering (848), while the sample contains (420) principals which forms about (49%) of the whole society. To achieve the goals of the study, the researcher built a questionnaire , with reference to related literature review, containing (52) items. Its reliability was tested, by consistency: Cronbach Alpha determiner reached (0.92) , and by the split half , using Sp airman and Brown equation, where reliability was (0.91). * Basic school’s principals’ evaluation for the school libraries’ educational efficiency was high. * Basic school’s principals’ evaluation pertaining the domains’ order of schools’ libraries’ educational efficiency Assessment was as follows: - The highest evaluation was for the sake of (planning), followed by (the educational issues), then comes (promotion), then (librarian professional growth), then (the physical environment) , the lowest was for (problems encountering libraries). - There were significant differences at (α=0.05) in evaluating school libraries’ educational efficiency at public basic schools in Palestine from principals’ perspectives due to educational departments (geographic site) variable for the sake of Qalqilia, Jenin and Ramallah departments , to be followed by Hebron, Nablus, Bethlehem and Tulkarm departments. - There were no significant differences at (α=0.05) in evaluating school libraries’ educational efficiency at public basic schools in Palestine from principals’ perspectives due to sex, scientific qualification, managerial experience, scientific specialization and school site variables. - The Ministry of Education is highly recommended to conduct more research pertaining the efficiency of school library’s assessment in view of the International Libraries’ Union’s standards. - Launching school libraries for all grades ,in particular basic ones. - The Ministry of Education is recommended to computerize all available school libraries, to promote the librarian services in a way to meet the demands of a rapid changing world of technology. - The Ministry is also recommended to put new plans for school libraries’ enhancement, taking into account employing highly qualified, dedicated librarians. - Palestinian universities are recommended to provide librarian studies to meet the available libraries’ needs. - To conduct more research on this issue at secondary schools, noting that this research is one of a kind.
Attitude of Governmental Secondary School Teachers in West Bank Northern Governorates-Palestine Towards Early Retirement and Impact of Some Variables on It
(2008) Bayan M. Samaneh; Dr. Abed Assaf; Dr. Ghassan El- Helou
This study sought to identify the attitude of governmental secondary school teachers, in West Bank Northern Governorates- Palestine, towards early retirement.The study also sought to find out the impact of the variables of sex, academic qualification, marital status, age, years of service, and family level of income on this attitude. The population of study consisted of all governmental secondary school teachers in West Bank Northern Governorates - Palestine. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education and Higher Education (2007/2008), there were 6985 male and female teachers. A questionnaire was administered to a randomly chosen sample of 700 teachers. 10% of population of the study. The 50 items of the questionnaire were distributed among five domains: social, psychological, job, financial and health. After checking its validity and reliability, it was distributed among the subjects of the study. Out of 700, 670 of the subjects responded. After data analysis, it was found that the attitude of the governmental school teachers towards early retirement was positive. The percentage of response of the total score was 61.2%. The order of domains, concerning the attitude of the secondary school teachers towards early retirement, was as follows: social domain: 67.2%, psychological domain: 63.8%, job domain: 60.2%, financial domain: 58.8%, health domain 55.8%. It was also found that there were no statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) in the attitude of governmental secondary school teachers towards early retirement in the financial and health domains which might be attributed to the variable of sex.However, there were statistically significant differences in the social, psychological and job domains as in well as the total score of the attitude between males and females in favor of the later. It was also found that there were no statistically significant differences (α = 0.05) in the attitude of secondary school teachers towards early retirement which might be attributed to the academic qualification variable.More were no statistically significant differences in the attitude of secondary school teachers towards early retirement in the psychological, job, financial and health domains and in the total score of the attitude which might be attributed to the marital status variable However, there were differences of statistical significance in the marital status between single and married teachers, in favor of the married teachers. However, no statistically significant differences were found at (α = 0.05) in the attitude of secondary school teachers towards early retirement in the social, psychological financial and health domains which might be attributed to age variable but there were statistically significant differences in the job domain and total/set score of the attitude. There were also no statistically significant differences in the attitude of secondary school teachers towards early retirement which might be attributed to years of service and family level of income variable. In the light of the study finding, the researcher recommends that more interest be given to the teachers health, financial, job, psychological conditions and find ways to raise the teachers, job satisfaction .thus increasing their educational output, productivity and efficiency.
Attitudes Counselors and Teachers of the degree of Integration of Autistic student with their Colleagues, and Constraints in the Government Basic school in the West Bank, Palestine
(2014) Sana Mohammed Hassan Darawsheh; Prof. Abd Assaf
This study aimed to find out the views of the teachers and counselors in the degree of integration of students with autism and constraints in Government schools in the West Bank. The researcher used to achieve the purposes of the study descriptive method, and adopted the Questionnaire as a tool for the study, was formed Questionnair of (58) items distributed to (3) fields has been verified sincerity and persistence, has within the community study of teachers in schools that contain Student number (98) teachers of them (9) special education, in addition to the counselors inclusive education in all school districts and Educational counselors in schools Integrating the autistic students and the total number of mentors (32) guide (27) inclusive education (5 ) guided educators. After data collection and analysis mediated by statistical packages (spss) researcher found the following results: - Teachers and counselors Record middle knowledge degree of Autism ,with a score of Teachers (2.88) and record guides mathematically average (2.73). Teachers Record Mean arithmetic is higher than counselors about Academic integration amounted to (3.06) compared to (2.93), while the Guides record moderate mathematically best for the benefit of social integration was (3.14) compared to (2.97) for teachers which averages fall within the middle-grade by the scale used in the study. Replaced constraints related to negative trends about integrating people with special needs in general and students with autism, especially the highest averages in the responses of counselors with a mean (4.22) which is a very high degree according to the scale used in the study, as teachers recorded for the same preceding paragraph from their point Mean arithmetic 3. 83)) high, also recorded a high degree of physical constraints of teachers, and has a medium degree to counselors, also recorded a medium degree of the knowledge constraints among teachers and counselors have a high degree Of these obstacles to Integrating autistic students in Palestine. The researcher found the existence of differences in the averages for The degree of Integrating students with autism in government schools And constraints of destinations teachers and counselors in the West Bank attributed to the variable (sex, Job Title, qualification, years of Experience, the degree of knowledge of Autism). Based on the findings of the researcher of the results was the researcher recommended the need to provide to government statistics, and governmental centers for the diagnosis and rehabilitation of children with autism to integrate them into regular classrooms, and to give importance to the community awareness of Autism, and activation of this right in public education, and the need to harmonize the Palestinian education with people differences in learning, and the application of the comprehensive integration and not partial to all groups, and provide specialty of special education in the Palestinian universities, with the need to be in every Palestinian school room of the sources and a teacher for special education specialist in the areas of learning disabilities, provide material resources for the provision of teacher pro-teacher Built in which students with autistic disorder, and teacher training and Educational counselor and counselors inclusive education in the field of Integrating students with autism to facilitate the acceptance of this category of students in government schools, and to conduct further studies on autism in Palestine and teach autistic in government schools in the light of previous studies.
Attitudes of Deans and Academic Chairpersons of the Palestinian Universities Toward Computerization of their Administrative Jobs
(1999) Yazid Ahmad Fayyad Jawabreh; Dr. Mahmoud Kuri
The purpose of the study was to investigate the needs of deans and academic chairpersons at the Palestinian Universities to computerize their following administrative tasks: Administrative planning of the administrative units represented by deanships and chairpersons departments. Administrative organization. Employment procedures which are necessary for administrative unit. Controlling on the administrative unit. Utilizing and organizing information. Department interior tasks. Furthermore the study tried to investigate whether the deans and the chairpersons attitude affected according to the following variables sex, age, academic degree, years of administrative experience. The research questions: 1. What are the administrative roles practiced by deans and chair persons of Palestine Universities and the importance of each role? 2. What are the administrative roles needed computerization at the Palestine Universities? 1 0 A Methodology the population of the study consisted of all deans and academic chairpersons in the north Palestine. For data collection, the researcher used a questionnaire consisting of four versions. Version A Personal data. Version B consisted of two items focusing on the general information concerning the administrative jobs. Version C consisted of six items focusing on using the computer in the administrative work. Version D Consisted of 57 items(statements) distributed among six scales. The questionnaire was checked for validity by group of experts on the subject. The reliability for the questionnaire was calculated by using Cronbach - Alpha, the reliability coefficient of Measurement responsibility was (0.86) and the Task measurement was (0.92), whereas The measurement need for task computerization was (0.87). The collected data was analyzed by the computer and the following statistical methods were used in answering the questions of the study:\ I. Percentages 2. Means 3. Standard deviation Finding: - Lack of using computer sets by deans and academic chairpersons due to insufficient time and training programs. - Unfamiliarly of deans and chairpersons to use and operate computers in their administrative jobs. - There is no job description for administrative job of dean and chairpersons in Palestine Universities . - Administrative tasks by deans and academic chairpersons in the Palestine Universities was influenced by sex variable in favor of females. - Administrative tasks by deans and academic chairpersons in the Palestine Universities was influenced by age variable in favor of age group above 50 years. - Administrative tasks by deans and academic chairpersons in the Palestine Universities was influenced by academic title variable in favor of assistant professor. - Administrative tasks by deans and academic chairpersons in the Palestine Universities was influenced by variable of years of experience in administrative work in favor of those having more than five years of experience - Administrative tasks by deans and academic chairpersons in Palestine t universities Was influenced by university variable in favor of Bethlehem university. Recommendations: 1. Building special programs by computer centers in West Bank Universities to computerize the administrative (Unction curried Out by deans or chairpersons and storing them on networks connected with data 2 - base or through personal computers Holding special training courses by computer centers in West Bank universities for the purpose of teaching computer operation systems and application programs. 3. It is necessary to provide a detailed and distinctive job description for both deans and chairpersons by planning departments in each west bank university, which may be computerized easily. 4. Conducting furthers research concerning information system analysis needed by deans and chairpersons in Palestine Universities.
Attitudes of Employees Towards Organizational Change and Factors Affecting them at the Establishments of the Palestinian National Authoriy in the Northen Districts of the West Bank
(2003) خليل احمد خضر خليل;
This study aimed at recognizing the attitudes of employees towards organizational change and factors affecting it at the establishments of the Palestinian National Authority in the Northern Districts of the West Bank. It also aimed at determining the impact of (sex, academic qualification, experience and position) variables on the attitudes of employees towards organizational change and factors affecting it at the establishments of the Palestinian National Authority in the Northern Districts of the West Bank. The study population consisted of all the employees (n. 2065) at the establishments of the Palestinian National Authority in the north districts of the West Bank in the year 2002/2003. The study sample consisted of (486) male and female employees selected by the rank random method with a percentage of (23.5 per cent) to whom 486 questionnaires were distributed. The number of returned questionnaires was (380), and (106) questionnaires were lost. Statistical analysis was carried out on the returned questionnaires, The researcher used the study instrument which was prepared based on former studies and literature of public management. The study instrument was verified by a committee of arbitrators. The alpha Cronbach equation was used to test its consistency for internal coherence, The consistency correlation of the Attitudes Towards Change Questionnaire was (0,81) and the consistency correlation of the factors affecting the attitudes towards change was (0,82), Findings: The study reached the following findings: Findings related to the attitudes towards organizational change: The percentages of the fields in descending order: Behavioral change: (71%), Technological change: (70%), Structural change: (65%). - Findings related to the factors affecting organizational change: The percentages of the fields in descending order: Personal factors: (73%), External environmental factors: (67,4%), Organizational atmosphere factors: (61,20/0), Informational factors: (61 %). - The findings were according to the following variables: 1. Sex: There were no significant differences between males and females in the employees' attitudes towards organizational change and the factors affecting them. 2. Academic qualification: There were significant differences between the employees' attitudes towards organizational change and the factors affecting them in the field of organizational atmosphere and the field of informational factors in favor of diploma and bachelor degrees. 3. Experience: There were no significant difference between employees in employees' attitudes towards organizational change and the factors affecting them. 4. Position: There were significant factors between employees' attitudes towards organizational change and the factors affecting them in the field of technological change in favor of the employee and the Division Head.
Attitudes of Fine Arts Majors at Palestinian Universities and Community Colleges Towards Teaching Profession in Schools After Graduation
(2003) إبراهيم خليل يوسف الخروبي;
This study aims at identifying attitudes of fine arts major, at Palestinian universities and community colleges, towards teacher's profession after graduation. To this end, the researcher used a stratified random sample of 283 fine arts major at Palestinian educational institutions: universities and community colleges. Of these 126 were males as opposed to 157 females. The researcher developed a questionnaire of 45 items to measure fine arts major' attitudes. The questionnaire was given to a group of referees in order to insure the validity and the reliability of the questionnaire which was (., 86). The researcher also put forward a number of hypotheses and raised one major question. To test the hypotheses and answer the study question, the researcher used the following statistical processes: arithmetic means; percentages; T-test and One Way Analysis of Variance. The study found that the fine arts majors' attitudes, towards teacher's profession, were positive. The order of domains according to degree of their responses was as follows: personal (76.4%); social (70.20/0) profession (63%); economic (60.01 %) and total degree of domains (67.4%). Moreover, no statistical significant differences were found at (α = 0.05) pertaining to fine arts' attitudes due to sex, residency, type of study, major, and GPA on the study of independent domains or on the overall instrument. However, the results revealed a significant difference in attitudes between music and arts majors in favor of music majors. In the light of these findings, the researcher provided the following recommendations to increase community awareness of the importance of teaching fine arts, showing more concern to the graduates' needs to reduce their frustration and difficulties, and increasing the country's interest in the fine arts graduates. The researcher recommends the Palestinian Universities and community colleges Also needed is assisting graduates in forming positive attitudes towards the teaching Profession as an important and an easy job. The researcher also suggests holding educational upgrading courses to assist graduates to develop their academic abilities and potentials.' There is also a need to reconsider the requirements for graduation by fine arts colleges. The researcher, furthermore, recommends introducing educational goals of arts to students in fine arts colleges. Another important recommendation is to supply fine arts college libraries with references to illustrate the role of arts in students' practical life. Fine arts colleges should organize academic trips to both Arab and foreign countries to allow students to learn about all kinds of arts popular in these countries. There is also a need to bring the attention of ministry of education officials to the importance of teaching music education and fine arts. Finally, fine arts and crafts must be considered as basic courses in colleges of fine arts.
Attitudes of Government Secondary School Principals Towards Application of Knowledge Management in Northern Governorates in Palestine
(2010) Allan M. Authman; Dr. Hassan M. Tayem; Dr. Abdel- Karim M. Ayyoub
This study sought to examine the attitudes of the government secondary school principals towards the application of knowledge management in northern governorates in Palestine. It also examined the impact of the variables of sex, years of administration experience, specialization, academic qualification, location of the school, and location of the governorate on the principals’ attitudes towards the application of knowledge management. For data collection, the researcher developed a 60-item questionnaire distributed among eight domains: recognition of the knowledge management concept, suitable timing of knowledge, administrative relations, organization of knowledge and determination of sources and organizational communication and reach out, decision making, planning and goals of knowledge management. The questionnaire was administered to a randomly chosen sample of 229 secondary school principals in the northern governorates of Palestine. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method given its suitability to the subject of the study. To test the validity of the study, the researcher submitted it to a committee of referees. The validity coefficient was taken by using Cronbach,s Alpha equation on the questionnaire domains. The total score of validity was 0.96. The SPSS program was used to analyze the data and get the results. After data collection and analysis, the researcher arrived at the following findings: - The degree of the government secondary school principals' attitudes towards the application of knowledge management in northern governorates in Palestine was high. The percentage of response to the total score was 78.9%. - There were no statistically significant differences at (α=0.05) in the degree of government secondary school principals' attitude towards the application of knowledge management in northern governorates in Palestine which might be attributed to variables of sex, years of administration experience, specialization, academic qualification and school location. - There were also statistically significant differences at (α=0.05) in the degree of the government secondary school principals' attitudes towards the application of knowledge management in northern governorates in Palestine which might be attributed to the governorate location variable in the domains of recognition of knowledge management between the northern and central governorates of the West Bank in favor of the former ones. - In contrast, it was found that there were statistically significant differences at (α=0.05) in the degree of principals' attitudes towards the application of knowledge management in Palestine which might be attributed to the governorate location variable on the domains of administrative relations and planning between southern and central governorates of the West Bank in favor of the former ones, and between the northern and central governorates of the West Bank in favor of the former ones. - It was also finally found that there were statistically significant differences in the degree of the principals' attitudes towards the application of knowledge management in northern governorates in Palestine which might be attributed to the governorate location variable in the total score between the southern and central governorates of the West Bank in favor of the former ones and between the northern and central governorate in favor of the former ones. In the light of these findings, the researcher suggests that the ministry of education should start implementing knowledge management in governmental schools in Palestine.
Attitudes of Mathematics and Science Teachers Toward Classroom Visits at UNRWA Schools in the West Bank
(1997) Fayeq Mahmoud Tayyeb Abu Kishek; Dr. Mahmoud Kuri
One of the direct supervisory methods is the classroom visit which held by the school supervisor , to observe the classroom teaching learning process to be aware of how the teacher organizes and facilitates the students learning , for improving the teaching learning process . Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of the Mathematics and Science teachers toward classroom visits which held by the school supervisors at UNRWA schools in the West Bank to develop the supervisory competencies , especially in the classroom visits. The effect of sex , specialization , qualification , and experience on the teachers attitudes toward classroom visits was also investigated . Methodology: The sample of this study consisted of (82) teachers (41 males , 4 I females) representing 30% of the study population A questionnaire of (48) items was used in this study to measure the teachers attitudes toward classroom visits in four dimensions (pre-meeting , classroom observation , post-meeting , and evaluation report) . Teachers ranked their attitudes toward each question on a live point Likert scale . The content validity was assessed by seven educators and a pilot study was conducted to determine the reliability of the study instrument . 1. The reliability coefficient was (0.97) by using half-splitting method while it was (0.89) by using test-retest method. The collected data was analyzed by the computer , and the following statistical methods were used in testing the hypotheses of the study t-test . 2. One Way Repeated Measures Design. 3. Scheffe. test . ii Findings & Conclusions : The results of the study revealed the following : 1. Mathematics and Science teachers had positive attitudes toward classroom visits with statistically significant level (0.05). 2. No significant differences were found between the attitudes of mathematics teachers and science teachers on the last three dimensions of the attitudes scale. The only significant difference between these attitudes, was found on the first dimension (pre-meeting), infavour of mathematics teachers. 3. No significant differences were found among the means of the four dimensions of the attitudes scale as perceived by the mathematics teachers, except the two dimensions (post-meeting and evaluation report) infavour of post-meeting. 4. No significant differences were found between the means of the following dimensions , as perceived by the science teachers. 1- pre-meeting and evaluation report. 2- Classroom observation and post-meeting. 3- Classroom observation and evaluation report. Significant differences were found between the means of the Following dimensions as perceived by the science teachers : 1- Pre-meeting and classroom observation . infavour of classroom observation. 2- Ike-meeting and post-meeting infavour of post-meeting. 3- Post-meeting and evaluation report infavour of post-meeting 5. No significant differences were found between the attitudes of mathematics and science teachers. on the general attitudes scale in respect of the variables : sex, specialization and experience. Significant difference was found on the qualification variable in favour of diploma holders. Recommendations : I) Conducting further research to investigate the teachers attitudes toward classroom visits at UNRWA schools in the West Bank in other specializations rather than mathematics and science . 2) Conducting comparative studies on teachers attitudes toward classroom visits between UNRWA & Government school teachers . 3)Inviting the UNRWA department of education at the West Bank to evaluate the educational supervisory process , especially in the classroom visits . 4) Increasing the supervisory staff members to make the classroom visit more useful to achieve its aims.
Attitudes of Primary School Teachers Toward Physical Punishment in West Bank Northern District Schools
(1998) Burhan Hussain Abdel Rahim Al- Sa'adi; Dr. Abdel Naser Qadumi
This study aimed at identifying primary school teachers' attitudes towards physical punishment in West Bank northern district schools and the effect of gender, marital status, academic qualification, position, experience, and academic subject variables on these attitudes. This descriptive study includes some analytical aspects and also aims at obtaining some data on the use of physical punishment in terms of its types, in Palestinian schools in the northern districts of the West Bank. The study subjects included all teachers in primary schools in Tulkarm, Nablus, Qalqilya, Jenin and Salfit. The total number was 3,624. Of these, 1923 were males and 1701 were females. The subjects were distributed among villages and cities. In cities, the number of teachers, males and females, was 612 and 717 respectively. In villages the number of teachers, males and females, was 1311 and 984 respectively. A stratified randomly chosen sample consisted of 500 teachers of both sexes distributed among the aforementioned study variables. The instrument of the study which is composed of many parts have been used to measure the Attitudes Towards Physical Punishment, Means used in Physical punishment, Alternatives for Physical Punishment and Benefits and Harms of Physical Punishment. The score means were obtained on Scale of Attitudes toward Physical Punishment depending on the study variables The Independent T-Test and The One-Way Analysis of Variance, were used to show the extent of the presence of statistically significant differences that may be attributed to experience in teaching. Pertaining to the identification of forms of physical punishment, alternatives used, and order of advantages and disadvantages, the researcher used the scale of order and the order of each one of these. The study findings showed that overall attitudes toward physical punishment amounted to 73%. That is to say, primary school teachers' overall attitude toward physical punishment was positive. Moreover, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences at α= 0.05, depending on sex and marital status variables in favor of males and married teachers, who participated in the study sample, on attitude toward physical punishment. However, findings showed no statistically significant differences on other variables of the study. Pertaining to types of punishment used, the findings showed that paddling was the most common followed by spanking, ear pulling and slapping. The findings showed that the most common alternatives for physical punishment were sending the student to school principal, assigning additional tasks for the student to carry out, checking with the student individually and making him understand his wrong behavior, and sending him to a psychological counselor and giving him minus grades. The study findings also revealed some of the salient advantages and disadvantages of physical punishment and extent of the danger of detrimental effects of physical punishment. The advantages of physical punishment have a limited influence and only pertinent to matters related to classroom management arid discipline. Recommendations 1- Teachers should refrain from using physical punishment in cases of tension, because its consequences are detrimental. Teachers should also be careful not to cause physical weakness or social withdrawal to the student. 2- Teachers should realize that physical punishment represents a reason for students' drop-out from schools. It also reinforces negative behaviors among punished students. 3- School teachers must search for alternatives to physical punishment to minimize problems of discipline, taking in consideration the danger of physical punishment and its role in impeding growth of internal discipline among students. 4- Holding training courses and seminars to allow teachers to acquire management skills and develop their potentials to face problems of discipline in classrooms. These functions will also develop their knowledge and ability to come up with alternatives for physical punishment.
The Attitudes of Secondary Schools Principals Towards Educational Accountability at the Northern Governorates of West Bank
(2003) Abeer Eid Yousef Kasbari; Dr. Mahmoud Ahmad Kuri
The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of secondary school principals towards educational accountability at the northern governorates of West Bank. The effect of gender, years of experience in administrative work, kind of school, academic degree, type or college he/she graduated from and the educational accountability. The research quest ions: 1. What is the attitude of secondary school principals at the Northern governorates of Palestine towards accountability in the domains, concept and the importance of educational accountability, accountability in the domain of curriculum, in the domain of teachers, in the domain of students, in the domain renewal and creativity? ") What is the attitude of secondary school principals at the Northern governorates of West Bank, towards educational accountability? 3. Is educational accountability ,by secondary school principals at the Northern governorates of Palestine, influenced by the variables (gender ,years of experience in administrative work .kind of school, academic degree, and type of college he/she graduated from )'1 Methodology the population of the study consisted all principals at the Northern Governorates of West Bank, they were (204) principals. For data collection, the researcher used a questionnaire consisting of two parts: Pat1 A personal. Part B consisted of five domains: (the concept and the importance of accountability, curriculum, teachers, students, renewal and creativity). The questionnaire was checked for validity by a group of experts on the subject .The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by using Cronbach-Alpha. The reliability coefficient of the educational accountability questionnaire was (0.96). The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical packages for social sciences) the following statistical methods were used in answering the questions of the study: 1. Percentage. 2. Means. 3. Standard deviation. Findings: 1. Principals attitudes towards accountability in the domain concept and the importance of accountability was high. Their response was (79.40/0). 2. Principals attitudes towards accountability in the domain curriculum was very high. Their response was (80.7%). 3. Principals attitudes towards accountability in the domain teachers was high .their response was (79.4%). 4. Principals attitudes towards accountability in the domain students was very high. Their response was (80.4%). 5. Principals attitudes towards accountability in the domain renewal and creativity was very high. Their response was (80.2%). 6. Principals attitudes towards educational accountability was very high. Their response was (80.2%). 7. Attitudes towards educational accountability, by secondary schools principals at the Northern governorates of the West Bank, was influenced by gender variable with a slight difference in favor of males. 8. Attitudes towards educational accountability, by secondary schools principals at the Northern governorates of the West Bank, was influenced by variable of years of experience in administrative work, in favor of those having more than ten years. 9. Attitudes towards educational accountability, by secondary schools principals at the Northern governorates of the West Bank, was influenced by variable of kind of school, in favor of private schools. 10. Attitudes towards educational accountability, by secondary schools principals at the Northern governorates of the West Bank, was influenced by variable of academic degree ,in favor master degree. 11. Attitudes towards educational accountability, by secondary schools principals at the Northern governorates of the West Bank, was influenced by variable of type of school he/she graduated from, with a slight difference in favor of science college. Recommendations: In the light of the study findings . The researcher recommends the following: The Ministry of Education should deepen the accountability concept in educational administration among all the employees through planning and executing practical programs in all the educational levels. then explain its results as soon as it is pervaded on administration ,teachers, students as well as curriculum. It is essential to employ a well-qualified principal ,since the result showed the importance of qualifications in forming attitudes ,whereas training during work is essential too.
The Attitudes of Teachers and Principals of Basic Schools Towards Mainstreaming Handicapped Students in General Education
(1998) Othman A. Abdallah; Dr. Ali Habayeb
This study aimed at identifying the attitudes of teachers and principals of basic schools towards pupils who have audio, visual or motor disabilities at regular schools in general education. The study tried to answer the following questions: " what are the attitudes of teachers and principals of basic schools towards inclusion of pupils with audiovisual or motor disability in general education '? The study included the following hypotheses : 1- There are no statistical significant differences at the (α = 0.05 ) in the attitudes of teachers and principals of basic schools towards pupils with audio visual or motor disabilities at regular schools in general education due to sex ( male / female ) 2- There are no statistical significant differences , at the 0.05 ) in the attitudes of teachers and principals of basic schools towards pupils with audio , visual or motor disabilities at regular schools in general education due to experience ( 1-5 ) years , ( 5-10 ) ( 10 or more ) 3- There are no statistical significant differences , at the (α = 0.05 ) in the attitudes of teachers and principals of basic schools in general education due to academic qualification ( diploma , bachelor + diploma ) 4- There are no statistical significant. differences , at .( α = 0,05 ) in the attitudes of teachers and principals of basic schools towards pupils with audio , visual or motor disabilities at regular schools in general education due to locality of residence ( village , city ) 5- There are no significant differences at (α = 0.05 ) in the attitudes of teachers and principals of basic schools towards pupils who have audio , visual or motor disabilities at regular schools in general education due to the current job ( teacher / principal ). 6- There are no statistical significant differences at (α = 0.05 ) in the attitudes of teachers and principals of basic schools towards pupils with audio , visual or motor disabilities at regular schools in general education due to specialization ( scientific or litrary ). The study included a question about the order of the three types of disabilities regarding the priority to inclusion The population of the study was consisted of all basic schools in the Government of Nablus , totalling 106 schools ( in the basic stage only ) and the total number of teachers was 1251 (- both males-and females ') while the total number of principals was 106 ( both males and females ). The sample included 20% of the population of the study , the number of teachers ( male and female ) was2-48 and of principals ( male and female ) 22. Re-administering the questionnaire , the researcher retrieved 227 questionnaires. For the sake of realization of the purposes of the questionnaire , the researcher prepared a questionnaire after reviewing the educational literature in the domain of care and rehabilitation of the disabled . The questionnaire included three dimensions ( psychological , Social , academic ) each dimension consists of tell items. In statistical analysis , the researcher used the following : a) Arithmetic means and percentages b) Independent -test c) One-way analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) d) The average of order in ranking the disabilities The results of the study showed : I- the attitudes of teachers and principals of schools were fairly positive towards inclusion of audio , visual or motor disabled in general education. 2- Results showed that motor disabilities held the first rank in priorities to inclusion , followed by audio disability and visual disability 3- Results showed that there were no statistical significant differences at (α = 0.05 ) in the attitudes of teachers and principals of basic schools regarding the inclusion of motor ,audio disables at the general education due to sex , job , experience , specialization , residence and qualification Recommendations the necessity to initiate legislations and laws by the responsible authorities .These legislations should guarantee the principle of equality of opportunity for handicapped in elementary, secondary and university education. 2- Ministry of Education should , at once , adopt the comprehensive education approach which leads the inclusion of handicapped children to normal schools , unless there are anavoidable reasons that do not allow such inclusion to take place. 3- The study recommends the immediate mainstreaming of simple and intermediate cases , and to transfer the centers. 4- The complicated cases to specialized required parts in need for amendments and adding the school-buildings , to enable the handicapped to get into / out of it and to use the available facilities easily. 5- The need to conduct similar studies and researching that takes into account the new variables. Such studies should cover all districts in the West bank and Gaza strip.
The Attitudes of the Students at the Palestinian Universities Towards, the Woman Work
(2003) Sai'd Mohammaed Ahmed Hamayel; Dr. Husni F. Masri; Dr. Abdul Naser Abdul Rahim Al- Qadomi
The purpose of this study is to know the attitudes of the student’s at the Palestinian universities towards the woman work, according to the sex, the college, the motl1er's work, the father's work, the place of residence, the number of the family, the study level, and the academic average. To do this study samples are taken including (934) students (446 males, 488 females) forming the percent (7.71) of the society whose members were chosen randomly following the simple arbitrary samples. The researcher has made a questionnaire to measure the student's J attitudes, it consists of (73) paragraphs classified to five areas concerning i the subject ofthe woman’s work: family, psychological, economical, social, intellectual and administrative area. The questioner was showed to a panel of judges in addition to get l the validity. Reliability was calculated by using Corenbakh Alpha's method and the whole reliability was (0.86). And after dealing with the information, the information results were found: -The attitudes of the students of the Palestinian universities were positive and the Celsius percentage reached (63.6%). -There were significant differences in (α=0.05) in the attitudes of the students at the Palestinian universities towards the woman work according to the six varieties, the mother‘s work, the la1her's work, the place of residence, the number of the family, the study level and the academic average. No significant differences were found towards the students attitudes due to their colleges: -Adding the woman subject to the society among the obligatory requirements of the university concentrating on the family and social area. -Taking care with the working mothers and help them in psychological health in order to help them to take care of their children's psychological health.
Burnout Phenomenon and Coping Strategies of the PNA Ministries Employees
(1999) جهاد عبد الفتاح صالح رمضان;
This study aimed at: 1. Recognizing the extent of burnout phenomenon and the strategies followed by the PNA employees in the West Bank to cope with this phenomenon. 2. Identifying the relation of the burnout and the coping strategies with a number of demographic variable ( gender , academic qualification , marital status and job title ) . The researcher formed the following two questions: 1. What is the extent of burnout of the PNA ministry employees? 2. What is the most used coping strategy which used to reduce the burnout? The researcher tested and verified the following null hypothesis: 1. There are no statistical significant differences at (α = 0.05 ) in burnout level and coping strategies of the PNA employees due to the variables:(gender, academic qualification, experience, marital status and the job title.). 2. There is no significant correlation between the burnout and the coping strategies of the PNA ministries' employees. The study population consisted of ( 1754 ) male and female employees . A random data of ( 360 ) employees ( male & female ) was chosen representing 20% of the original population . The researcher used Maslach Inventory to measure the burnout . He also used the coping strategies questionnaire based on previous studies and the educational literature. The researcher took in to consideration that the coping strategies suited the Palestinian environment The questionnaire was checked by nine professional referees. However, the reliability was calculated by the one application using Cronbach alpha . The results on Maslach scale were (0.85 ) and coping strategies ( 0.89) . To answer the two questions of the study , the researcher used the means and percentages . test was used to test the first and the fourth hypothesis. To test the second, third , and the fifth hypothesis , the researcher used one — way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the ( LSD) for the post Comparisons . Finally , the researcher used the Pearson Correlation to test the sixth hypothesis . Study Findings : 1. .The extent of the phenomenon was moderate regarding the emotional exhaustion and the depersonalization, while it was high regarding the personal accomplishment. 2. The total degree of using the coping strategies of the PNA ministries employees was low. 3. .There were no statistical significant differences at (α = 0.05 ) in the level of burnout of PNA employees on the emotional exhaustion and the personal accomplishment attributed to the gender variable . On the other hand there were statistical significant differences at (α = 0.05 ) on depersonalization among males and females in favor of the females . However there were no statistical significant differences at (α = 0.05 ) of coping strategies of the employees which night be attributed to the gender variable. 4. There were no statistical significant differences at (α = 0.05 ) on the level of burnout attributed to the academic qualification variable. Also, there were no statistical differences at (α = 0.05 ) on all the coping strategies and the total degree, except the fields of recreation and entertainment for the employees which might be attributed to the variable of academic qualification. 5. There were no statistical significant differences at (α = 0.05) in the level of burnout regarding the emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment attributed to the variable of experience. 6. There were no statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05 ) in the burnout level regarding the emotional exhaustion and the personal accomplishment attributed to the marital status variable, while the differences were significant on the depersonalization among single and married employees in favor of the married. Also, there were no statistical significance at (α = 0.05) attributed to the marital status variable, except on the strategy of physical health and in favor of the single employees. 7. There were no statistical significant differences at (α = 0.05 ) of the burnout level attributed to the variable of job title, Also there were no difference at (α = 0.05 ) in the strategies, except the strategy of problem solving attributed to the variable of job title. 8. There was a negative significant correlation at (α = 0.05) between strategies ( physical Health, emotional exhaustion) , and strategies (positive behavior , personal accomplishment) , and strategies (management, depersonalization) and between strategies (problem solving, personal accomplishment). On the other hand, the differences were significant at (α = 0.05 ) between strategies ( withdrawal and returning back to work, feeling inactivity, strategies of (social support, personal accomplishment) , and between strategies of ( positive behavior, personal accomplishment) ,strategies of ( management ,personal accomplishment), and between strategies of (defense means, personal accomplishment),and strategies of (problem solving and the personal accomplishment). There was a positive significant interrelation of coping strategies and personal accomplishment. However, no positive significant correlation at (α = 0.05 ) between :- ( Strategy of good physical health and depersonalization ), ( strategy of physical health and personal accomplishment) , ( strategy of withdrawal and returning back to work , emotional exhaustion),( strategy of social support and emotional exhaustion ) , ( strategy of management and emotional exhaustion ) ( strategy of defense means and personal accomplishment), ( overall degree of coping strategies and emotional exhaustion ), ( strategies of coping and personal accomplishment) The research recommended many suggestions to urge the PNA officials to pay attention to the burnout phenomenon for the purpose of minimizing the spread out of the phenomenon, and activating the level of usage of the coping strategies by the employees of the ANA ministries. This has a great effect on building and institutionalizing the Palestinian society.
Centralization and Decentralization of the Educational Administration in Palestine from the Principals of Governmental Schools in the Northern Palestinian Governorates Point of View
(2004) Rasheed Khaled Rashed Mansour; Dr. Abed Mohammad Assaf
This study aimed at knowing the perspective of the of governmental schools, principals in the Northern Palestinian Governorate about the centralization and decentralization patterns in the educational administration in Palestine, and also to determine the effects the independent variables: scientific qualification, educational qualification, years of administrative experience, gender, the school stage, and the directorate; these variables were constructed as null hypothesis. The researcher developed a questionnaire, consisted of (61) items, depending on the educational literature and previous studies. The questionnaire represents six educational administrative fields: curriculum, teaching methods, personnel affairs, pupils affairs, school buildings, and financial affairs. After proving the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, the researcher distributed it on a sample of (300) principals of governmental schools in the directorates of Nablus, Jenin, Qabatya, Tulkerm, Qalqilia and Salfeet; the valid questionnaires, that were attained, were (153) for male and (124) for female principals. The most important results that emerged of the study include: 1-The tendency of the principals is toward the decentralization pattern. The school level obtained the highest percentage (44.4%) of a response for the total grade of the fields of the study, the directorate level is the next with a response of (34.2%), and both levels represent the field of the educational administration. That is the pattern of decentralization in educational administration is chosen by a big percentage of (78.6 %), while the ministry level, that represents the centralization pattern, is chosen by a percentage of (21.4). 2-The principals have chosen school level as the desired administrative level to take decisions related to four educational fields: financial affairs, school buildings, teaching methods, and pupils affairs, they also have chosen the directorate level for the field of personnel affairs.These pro decentralization pattern results are emphasized if they are considered together.While they have chosen the ministry level for one educational field: the curriculum, i.e. their tend is for decentralization pattern for it. 3-There are significant statistical differences at the level of indication (α= 0.05) between the desired administrative levels to take decisions bases on the variables: the scientific qualification, the years of administrative experience, the gender, the school stage and the directorate. While there isn't such differences due to the educational qualification variable. In the light of the study results, the researcher recommends that the Ministry of Education to continue supporting the tendency towards decentralization pattern in the educational administration in Palestine. He also recommends that more scientific studies about this subject must be implemented.

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