Arabic Language And Literature

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Al-Qattal Al-Kilabi: A Poet
(1995) ساهرة عادل فخر الدين; Dr. Khaleel Odeh
Arabic Language Conjugations And Rules Based On Huthayl's Poetry
(1998) Sa'id Yasseen; Prof. Yahya Jaber
This research investigated the extent of Huthayl's dialect presence in the various language books and scholar's dependence on it in their construction of their grammars and linguistic opinions. In this study, I introduced the tribe's origin and provenance for their effect on the formation of their dialect linguistic structure. I explained, in this, degree of their poetical talent in the light of the number of the tribe's poets and the volume of cultural legacy they left behind. In this regard, I cited scholars' opinions concerning the eloquence of this dialect and its status among Arabian dialects. I dipped in language books and dictionaries in order to collect scattered information and expressions attributed, by scholars, to Huthayl's dialect. In this context, I cited examples from its poetry. I also listed their words in meaning groups. I have also studied its poetry and explained it and showed existing relationships in poems and linguists' opinions about poetry. In addition, I have quoted Huthayl's poetry as cited in books of grammar and morphology which have been used by grammarians in building their rules, and their grammatical and morphological opinions. I have presented these examples within the general framework of the linguistic rule. I also collated scholars' opinions and showed the points of view on this. Moreover, I also crystallized some linguistic issues reflected in previous chapters within linguistic levels: Phonological, Morphological, Syntactical and Semiotic. I explained all of these levels through citing of examples from Huthayl's poetry. In the completion of this research, I depended on several sources, both old and new: Volumes of poetry and language dictionaries, books on grammar and morphology. I strenuously worked to produce this research in its presents from. To conclude, I can say that Huthayl's dialect and status were aimportant among the other Arabian dialects. Huthayl's poetry was also significant in the construction of linguistic rules particularly in the prevalence of this poetry in various language works and the abundance of linguistic rules which are still a reference used by scholars both in their linguistic and literary research.
شعر الغزل العذري في العصر العباسي: شعراؤه واتجاهاته الموضوعية والفنية
(1998) لينا عبد ربه خورشيد الشخشير; Mohammad Nofal
Throughout this study, the researcher tried to shed some light on various aspects regarding the Platonic love Poetry during the abased period. These aspects that have been discussed included the most popular names of the platonic poetry with special emphasis give to the artistic and objective tendency of such poetry. However, this conclusion aims a providing an authoritative/summary of the overall results and findings achieved in the study. In the previous chapters has been concluded that the platonic poetry can be seen as passionate expression of pure and true love in which the poet melts his gentle feelings and emotions in a poetic at mosphere full of depresses and deprivations. This type of poetry was known during the abased period in spite of the obvious tendency towards amatory love poetry, but platonic poetry was able to flow there even in a very narrow path. During that time, a group of poet composed platonic poetry in which. they dedicated themselves to talk passionately about specific women. By doing so, their names were connected with the names. of those beloved maidens as the old platonic poets did in the past. Among these platonic poets was AL-Abbas-Ibn-AL-Ahnaf whose name connected with his beloved Fawz - On the other hand, a group of those Platonic poets dedicated their poetry to compose pure and passionate platonic poetry in which a reader can "smell" the odor of true pureness and loyality mixed with sad sighs and warmth of their feelings without being connected with. specific woman. Among those, there was Al-Hussein Ibn - Muttair. The analytical contemplation of the Abbasid Platonic poetry revealed that this style carried in some degree the most fundamental elements of the preceding Umayyad platonic poetry, that is, the cleanness and the pureness of true love. Other elements found to be changed and varied so as to cope with new on-going developments during the Abbasid period. Nevertheless. It was found that even the love stories of those new Abbasid poets were closer to the old Preceding platonic poets since their lives, social and emotional, were an extension of the lives of the preceding poets. Furthermore, it ~as found that in addition to elements of pureness and deprivation, the poet revealed a degree of urban aspects which were not found in the preceding platonic poetry though such as pects can be found exceptionally in orner Ibn-Abi- Rabee'ah's poetry during Umayyad period and some of his companions. The most obvious new aspects in the Abbasid Platonic poetry included, correspondence exchanging gifts, describing palaces and assemblies in addition to accurate description of the beloved girl using different forms of similes and metaphors attributed to her beauty which were token from the surrounding environment. Moreover, there was special concentration given to the artistic construction of the platonic casita during the abbasid period which revealed that certain types of meters and rhymes and rhythms were used to compose such poetry. By using statically tables it was found that long meters were mostly used in addition to the use of the ultimate rhymes. Also, more emphasis was given to the artistic form of this poetry which revealed that those poet expressed their deep emotions, feeling, meanings and experiences spontaneously and free from artificiality and exaggeration. As a result of this deep a analysis, it is concluded that platonic poetry wasn't stopped during the abbasid period but it continued in Avery limited range as a result of different factors. One of those factors was the wide spread of new different way of life in which people were drawn to different means of amusement including liquor and singing assemblies', jesting and dancing which contributed to an obvious spread of disgraceful literature which, in some extent, was free from religious rules and common virtues. Therefore, most poets dedicated their poetry towards filtrating a number of foreign maidens and female slaves who possessed distinctive features of beauty and urbanity. Those charming and attractive maidens used to accompany men in their assemblies in order to amuse them through jesting, singing and dancing. This new way of life promoted poets to dedicate their poetry to describe disgraceful features of beauty followed by an expression of shameless desires and incentives which resulted into two types of flirtation erotic and nonerotic (preservative) love poetry. The spread of the two types reduces the use of platonic poetry in some extent. In addition to what have been mentioned above, it can be said that the majority of abbasid platonic poets were not well-known that no interest was given to collect their works or to narrate their stories as happened with Abbas - Ibn - AL-Ahnaf. The reason behind this obvious hidden of those poets from literature can be attributed to their true intention to express their deep feelings and emotions passionately free from any material benefit. However, the shadow of the platonic poetry has still been reflected as one clear aspect of the abased period although it seems that this poetry lost many of its distinctive characteristics, and in turn gained new different elements as a result of the new developments and changes that took place in the Abbasid period . In such case, it was difficult for the platonic poetry to preserve its distinguished qualities more than one generation. Therefore, we should look into this poetry through different point of view. This view allows us to see the platonic poetry form the side of the Abbasid period with its own characteristics away from vices and desires an one side, and through the Umayyad platonic poets with their deep pure feelings and warmth of sighs on the other side - Eventually, this point of view applies to the Abbasid platonic poetry.
(السخرية في الشعر الفلسطيني المقاوم بين عامي (1948-1993
(1999) فراس عمر اسعد الحاج محمد; Prof. Adel Al-Osta
This research talks about "The Sarcasm in the Resisting Palestinian Poetry between (1948-1993)" and the kinds of sarcasm in this poetry showing the subjects of sarcasm and some artistic sides that are related to the poems of sarcasm. the researcher has divided the research into: an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction was a theoretical research about sarcasm which included the linguistic meaning and the idiomatic meaning of sarcasm in addition to its connection with the literature of liberty in general and the Palestinian literatures. The first chapter talks about sarcasm in this poetry between the years (1948-1967). The second chapter talks about sarcasm, between (1967-1987) and the third chapter talks about sarcasm between (1987- 1993). This study has also talked about the exiled poets and the peots inside the occupied Palestine in all periods. The researcher has used the historical approach to follow the studied tests, he has used the descriptive-analytical approach to analyze these texts and the artistic approach to explain some artistic sides. At the end of this research, the researcher has reached to results, the most important results are : 1. The Palestinian sarcasm in poetry depends on the political situations positively and negatively. 2. The subjects of the poets of sarcasm are almost the same in all periods. 3. Some poets of sarcasm has used the expressions and terms that are close to the colloquial language because sarcasm addresses the crowds of people and to give sarcasm an artistic side. 4. The poets of sarcasm has mixed the old and modem forms. Sarcasm in the traditional poetic form is mostly mixed with satire. 5. In the Palestinian poetry of sarcasm some formal sides have appeared and there sides concern the poetry of sarcasm, one side is the side of Al-Abegram of Marid Al-Barghothi and Samih Al-Qasem.
الجنة في القران: دراسة في البناء اللغوي والأسلوب البلاغي
(1999) خليل عبد القادر قطناني; Prof. Yahya Jaber
This research investigates various features of the verses of the holy Quran on the Paradise. Indeed, it aims at finding out the 1inguistic'deviations of the holy Quran of the language expressing many views and scenes of the Paradise and also their own significance . The Quranic verses of the paradise cover a wide range in the holy Quran as a mark of the divine secret ( supernatural ) . Also the persuasion invites to achieve the awakening of a devise and the motivation ,including simulation ...... It also explores typical interpretations of the occupants of the Paradise .By this way ,the holy Quran proves its prodigy ,as aside with intellectual and aesthetical factors . In this investigation ,there is a comparison among the method of the holy Quran and the publisher ,the authors and production of poets ,concerning the views of the Paradise in the holy Quran .Actually ,the Quranic method echoed well on their productions . The result of this investigation ,as follows: 1. The holy Quran function of the language to serve and express the views of the Paradise well. 2. The purposes of glorification and multiplication, in the Quranic verses on the Paradise ,are much risen wiper than the other purposes of rhetoric. 3. The harmony and rhythm seem nice in offering the Quranic verses on the Paradise it indeed addresses the heart. 4. This research is not complete and needs to other studies.
الرواية الفلسطينية في الضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة 1967 - 1993م
(2000) يوسف محمد ذياب الشحادة; Prof. Adel Al-Osta
This research shows through three terms, Palestinian novel in West Bank and Gaza Strip between 1967-1993. Taking into consideration that 1967 acting the beginning of big change in the life of Palestinian people. Generally June War had lead to Israeli direct control on West Bank and Gaza Strip which had a companied by political, military, economical, social, and cultural changes which made direct and indirect results on Palestinian people. The first term searches the beginning of Palestinian novel before 1948; where from its nature, technical level and the subjects which had dealt with, pointing to pioneers efforts in this scale mentioning the names of the most popular novels in that period. The research had mentioned also the nature of novelty movement between 1948-1967 showing the effect of 1948s events on the novel movement, pointing to the most famous novelists of this period, mentioning the names of the most popular novels which had appeared in this period, and opinions of critics and learners about it. The research had focused on the novel movement in West Bank and Gaza Strip between 1967-1993, where from had dealt with the beginnings of the novelty production and counting the names of the issued novels, the date of publishing, the names of authors, some literature translations of their life’s, the literature beginnings of them; whether they had written the novel since the beginning of their literature activity, or if they had written another literature types as the short story and the poetry, then they had moved to write the novel. The research also discussed the essence and objective reasons which had lead to spreading of the short story and poetry in a previous period to novels spreading. The research had dealt with the nature of the criticism movement which had companied the novel (the subject of studying) the type of criticism which had appeared and the opinions of the critics of novelty works. The second term had dealt with Palestinian novel subjects; where from it had been limited the most important subjects which had been discussed by the novels (the subject of the study) which had been classified to: 1. Political — national subject. 2. Social subject. 3. Educational subject. 4. Woman subject. 5. Intifada subject. Where from the research had mentioned the previous subjects through novelty models, where the studying subject had appeared clearly more than others. The third term had dealt with two scales: 1) Novel environments which had been classified to: 1. City environment. 2. Village environment. 3. Camp environment. 4. Prison environment. The previous environment had been studied through novelty models symbolizing these environments clearly. 2) Novel construction. The research had mentioned some novel models the Palestinian novel construction according to the novelty shape. The speaker in the novel and some methods as: letters, language and characters.
الأعلام في القرآن الكريم
(2000) احمد مصلح حسين دريدي; Prof. Yahya Jaber
This research "Proper Nouns in the Holy Koran" includes an introduction, three chapters, and an abstract. In the first chapter "Classification of Proper Nouns in the Holy koran," proper nouns are classified into eight groups as follows: Names of prophets and messengers, names of books, names of angels, names of good people, names of tyrants, names of statues and whoever worshipped other than God, names of places and descriptions. This classification includes all proper nouns in the Holy Koran. The second chapter "Origination of Proper Nouns and their Connotations' investigates the origin of these proper nouns whether Arabic or non-Arabic through books of interpretation, history, as well as dictionaries. In fact, I did not take everything mentioned by our ancient scholars for granted, but I tended to select one connotation of these proper nouns over others taking into consideration verses of the Holy koran in addition to the abstract connotation of the proper noun. It is very well-known that the Holy Koran is a reference to the Arabic Language and not vice versa. I usually (find) in the koran the proof which supports my selection. In this chapter, I should admit that there is still one issue which remains unsolved i.e the complete ascertaining of whether some proper nouns are Arabic or non-Arabic. If I had been involved in this issue, this research would have diverted from its original plan. Moreover, this issue is in need of another whole research which takes a long time in coming up with an entire induction about the origins of these proper nouns. The third chapter deals with the extent to which these proper nouns are popular and used. In this chapter, it was found that the Koranic proper nouns, and mainly the names of persons, are divided into five sections: 1. Names used very often. 2. Names used moderately. 3. Names used sometimes. 4. Names used rarely. 5. Names not used at all.
النظم القرآني في سورة يوسف - عليه السلام
(2000) جمال رفيق يوسف الحاج علي; Dr. Khaleel Odeh
This research, which falls into three chapters dwelt on The Holy Qur'an's chapter of Joseph, peace be upon him: A stylistic study. In the study, the researcher made active use of rhetorical tradition and systems theory put forward by Abdel-Qader - al Jorgani. It is an applied study of elements related to al Jirganils systems used to prove the miracle of the Holly Qur' an. This is a new applied study in rhetorical lesson because it identified the linguistic phenomenon in the chapter of Joseph. In its rhetorical analysis, the study revealed stylistic purposes in the verses of the chapter. In so doing, the researcher utilized and dwelt on meaning tackled by the Holy Qura'n exegetics. The researcher collected the variations, ordered them, studied and detailed them. The researcher collected the verses, or a representative sample, based on their linguistic phenomenon, analyzed all stylistic phenomena, their secondary meanings, and their deep meanings which go beyond their linguistic structure. The study revealed the degree of harmony and consistency between the nature of the personality, expressed by the verses, and the rhetorical meaning stemming from the verses, systematic context. One conclusion of the study is the proof of the wonderful systematic miracle of the Holy Qur'an as revaled in the Joseph chapter . Another finding was the harmony of prose style story telling telling method to achieve the intended meaning in the receiver's, (reader's) psyche. The study of the Qur' anic systems comes in terms of value, at the top, of rhetorical studies.
ألفاظ المتصوفة: دراسة دلالية في أعمال ابن عربي النثرية والشعرية
(2000) حلمي عبد الله حسين عدوي; Prof. Yahya Jaber
This research is devoted to the expressions used in the mysticism literature, which is based on signals, mysteries and implications. This subject is neither pure literature nor is it pure language but it is a mixture of literature and language. It is in this perspective that I organized this thesis. First of all, I discussed the historical side of the origin of the word mysticism (in Arabic) and the different views of researchers regarding its origin. The strongest and view is that the word mysticism (in Arabic Tassawof) comes from the Arabic word (soof which means ' wool 'in English). Then I discussed the various views of the sources of mysticism. Since the topic of this thesis is an indication study of the prose and poetic works of lbn Arabi, I studied the life of Ibn Arabi through his character, manners, works and style. I have found that he was distinguished and genius in language, literature, metaphysical and abstract subjects, and understanding the hUI11an spirit. This included the thought heritage based on jurisprudence, arts, theology, natural sciences, interpretation, and semantics. Mysticism is not a purely abstract phenomenon but it is a comprehensive phenomenon related to the various ethical or literary phenomena. As for the theological source, it is considered an important source from which the mystic poets drive their expressions. They consider it as a metaphysical divine science that occurs outside the framework of the mind or the perceptions that God gives into the hearts of special people of believers. Their language is intensively rich of signals and expressions, especially the symbols that are based on the deeply rooted notions in the subconscious of the individual and the group. Besides, the mystic poets used the metaphor. the tale or the symbolic story because of their fear of the religious people. I devoted two whole chapters to show the relationship between the linguistic and the mystic meaning. The Second Chapter includes the expressions that 'were common between Ibn Arabi and the mystic poets before him 'where I compared and contrasted between the two parties. I shed light on the excellence of Ibn Arabi 'who was distinguished for his ability to rephrase, increase and express his notions. I also highlighted the alternating positions between the linguistic and mystic meanings. The last chapter is entitled (The New of Ibn Arabi). Most of the expressions that I have chosen after thorough work and research are expressions that no one has studied before. Putting forward these expressions for study and research, Ibn Arabi transformed, analyzed these expressions and gave them clearly specific meanings. Therefore, Ibn Arabi set the rules and stabilized the bases so much that his expressions are still today without any significant change. Besides, Ibn Arabi deliberately wrote love poetry, which seemed to be physical erotic poetry while in fact he was addressing the metaphysical, extraterrestrial world and the divine realities. I extracted several lines of his poetry and interpreted what he meant.
العبرية لهجة عربية عادية: دراسة لغوية مقارنة بين اللغة العربية والعبرية
(2000) سلامة سليم سلامة يوسف; Prof. Yahya Jaber; Dr. Ghanem Mezel
this study discuses the comparative linguistics science between two languages from the same roots of A'dieh , arabic and hebrew are the subject of this study so they began in one environment . there are a contributing elements between the two languages which are so easy to be founded . In our study we have concentrated on the grammar and it's branches , phonetics , syntax and semantics . In the beginning , we have dealt with the historical and racial side to be easy to make judgment on this languages . If we make a look to the dialects and the geographi- cal position for the two languages we will find the big expansion of the acoustic side in Arabic especially in derivation and the big mount of words from the same root . In addition to this we will find that hebrew imi- tated . Arabic in the morphological side and also the syn- tactical side. Finally , there is a word we have to say that Hebrew is an ancient Arabic a'dieh dialect according to the words which have many meanings which Hebrew quoted a lot from it .
The Impact Of The Ten Long Poems On Arabic Grammer
(2000) Jehad Mohammad Ihmeed Dweikat; Dr. Hamde Al-Jabale
The title of this research The impact of the Ten long poems on Arabic Grammar deals with the grammarians opinions of the grammar citations taken from the said poems and the aspects of similarities and difference in grammar issues raised by these citations the aspects of similar and differences among the aspects of similarities and differences among the grammarians the methodology they presents the impact of Barsa and Koufa grammarians upon the views of the poems interest in dealing with the grammar issues that the grammarians dealt with in their citations.
دراسة أسلوبية في شعر أبي فراس الحمداني
(2000) نهيل فتحي احمد كتانة; Dr. Khaleel Odeh
In the study and analysis of Abu Firas's poetry, one sees that the style he had adopted expressed his personal psychological dimension. He proved to be a genuine poet, his faithfulness is shown clearly in his praise of Sayf Al-Dawlah, the son of his uncle. This proved his admiration of his cousin as a high perfection. The poet's emotions and faithfulness can be traced in his praise poetry of Sayf Al-Dawlah so as only to come too close to the latter as his model and aimed at not being beneficial. In all his elegies on dear people, he also sustained and focused his faithfulness and emotion to on all those whom he lamented. It is no wonder that the poet had lamented those relatives and close friends such as his mother, his dear wife and his cousin " Abu Wail Ben Dawood", besides, he lamented the son of his cousin's ( son of Sayf Al-Dawlah ),as well as his sister's son. All his elegies gave the reader a true and factual picture of his sorrows and grievance which supported our perception of his true faithfulness. In his Brethren " Ikhwaniat " poetry, one notices and smells that the composer tried not to flatter or toady anyone else, or gain benefit from those he grieved for. He showed his true high spirit and mutual love he shared. Even when boasting of himself and his tribe " Bany Hamdan " his daring spirit, courage in battlefield, and his hospitality, our poet was realistic. It is true that this peculiarity and attribute were not a blemish on his side. These traits being founded in his tribe embodied in them purity and noble origin during that period of history. For this reason, this study can put forward the following results:- - The true and faithful emotions were the first attribute that singled out the poems of Abu Firas. Because emotions are reciprocal to compassion, they are considered inseparable. His volume of poetry (collection) was rich in psychological emotions which sprang up from affection attached and declared clearly in all situations. The poet expressed what he thought of as suitable for the occasion. - In his collections, one notes the style of repetition echoed in his poetry. This repetition was employed to express the poet's ideas according to the state of affairs. Through this situation, we came to the conclusion that our poet's psychological crisis was apparent in his poetry. Rarely did our poet recourse away from the repetition style. Repetition reached its peak in his collection and thus affected his poetry music and its melody. - The use of participles, exaggeration and preference and dative case enriched his method, and helped to contain a kind of internal stabilized music. - The poet's insistence on using composing method was apparent in emotional, affection and passionate attitudes whether the poet was in a state of sorrow, pain or pride. - The composition methods formed groundwork elements on which our poet originated his poetry depending on the stylistic repetition while informative methods correlated with confirmation which characterized his collection of poetry especially on pride. among people as a reflection of correlation between by" al-mudaf wal mudaf eleih". - His use of erotic poetry in war times was to express his loving spirit as he portrayed love to a battlefield, where he was the victim. His journal ----" Yawmiat " — represented the ripeness of his poetry. From now on , the reader notices maturity of the poet. His " Romiyat "- war against Rome" — was a rising gleam in his poetical career as he had been considered only a mere imitator before since he only expressed his self-experience. His captivity- a prisoner in the hands of the Romans, formed a turning point in his life. He mastered his own poetic' techniques drawn from his own and long experience in prison where his personality was the central point of the new line he adopted in all his verses hereafter where he lost his deep and true affection. - From " Romiyat Abi Feras ", one can easily find out his romantic spirit as a result of his captivity. The technique of personification used in his '' Romiyat ",embodied nature and its aspects (features).He addressed it and made it to to talk share him his grief His Romiyat manifested his complaint, longing for freedom, and reproach. Before his captivity, he admired Sayf Ad-Dawlah, who won his admiration, but later he adopted the use of pronouns in the plural whereas he used the first person singular after captivity. This leads us to find how our poet with drew to his own world after he was neglected by all. He began his new verses on himself expressing his worries without distortion and falseness. - This collection highlighted Abu Feras as a knight, Emir (prince),a human being, and a poet, who always tried to speak of his ambitions, dreams, but now he is found a wretched, neglected, and worried humanbeing. - From this study, we conclude that we are in a face to face with a human being and a poet because in his collection one sees his truthfulness.
التحقيق النحوي ما بين عبد السلام هارون ومحمد محيي الدين عبد الحميد
(2000) جمال نمر محمد إبراهيم; Prof. Ahmad Hamed
English Abstract Not Available
الشخصيات التراثية في أعمال زكريا تامر القصصية
(2001) سامر عبد الرحيم محمد مسعود; Dr.Adel Al-Osta
Praise be to Almighty God. Peace be upon his prophet Muhammad.. His kinsfolk..His siblings... his companions, and all His followers. l offer my utmost gratitude to my tutor, Dr. Adel el-Osta, who toiled hard the burden of supervising this study. also thank Professor Dr. Nadi Sari eI-Deek, and Dr. Yehia Jaber for their courteousness to discuss this research. I would to welcome the generous attendees, wishing it to be an interesting and useful discussion. His research includes two main halves. They are: the theoretical half, in which l have treated the concept of legacy linguistically have shown that the subject material is applied, in the origin of its lingual usage, on the material indication, and with a slight amount on the meaningful indication from ancestry and glory... I have dealt with the terminological meaning, as well, for the subject material, throughout reviewing a few definitions, already presented by modern intellectuals. l have concluded with a concept that suits the analytical study. l have tried, afterwards, to match between the lingual meaning and the terminological one denoting that the terminological meaning circulating at our present time was unknown by our foremost ancestors. I referred, in brief, to the contrastive intellectual attitudes vis-a-vis the legacy. I have illustrated the most important side in it on the intellectual and literal levels. This importance increases at our current age, which is witnessing an informational revolution in front of which all barriers between peoples fall down. Here does the actual value for the heritage of a nation is manifested; it is in its standing as a fortified stronghold to emphasize the cultural identity vis-a—vis the incoming cultures. Pertaining to the relation of legacy with the creative works in general, I pointed out that this relation Has evolved according to evolution of our understanding and awareness of the heritage, until it turned out to be an essential source for the creator. He drinks from it so as to increase the value of his creative work. This review leads to the discourse about ZaKaria Tamer’s relation with the legacy, where I have manifested that the understanding of the writer to the heritage Has not been merely just a formal performance or an approach that is emulated by others, but rather a thing that discloses an exact ancestry and awareness for it, making us decide peacefully that heritage forms a fundamental tributary in his awareness. He used as an expedient, at an extension of his creative experiment, in his versatile literary essays, not to introduce a special understanding to this heritage rather than an expression about the distresses worrying him vis—a—vis the lived Arab reality. I have finished the theoretical hall in the discourse about the methodology I am following in my analysis to the employed personalities. I have shed Light on the critical widespread signs about the symptoms of the text in brief. Then I have tried to connect between the modern text studying and the critical origins in our critical heritage. I have concluded that our olden critics had not moved away a long distance from this concept, when they talked about the issue of thefts, their categories, the quoting and the implication . Nevertheless, it is arbitrariness to say that the reiterated context study among contemporary critics is it is itself that we find in the old critical sources. I have shed light, too, on the evolution of the concept for our modern critics which they have snatched lately since its growing up at the hands of western critics. Among the axes which I had taken, as well, are the text relationships. I have dealt with a few of them, and performed comparison with other further relationships the critics had talked about. The importance of taking this axis appears in its securing the acquaintance to the mechanism that is followed by the writer in the operation of his employing the traditional personalities. After I had finished the theoretical hall, I moved to the critical study, talking about the religious personalities already employed which.
التغير الدلالي في شعر سميح القاسم
(2001) رقية زيدان; Yahya Jaber
In this research , the researcher inducted the poetic texts of Sameeh EL Quasim . she stood on factors of symbotism or symbolizing , reaching through them into semantics which had many gestures and radiance seem clearly in the context. The poetic picture of Sameeh EL Quasirn was distinguished by variety, and most of it was rather .containing a general humanitarian concept which includes whatsoever patriotic, national and universal concept. And there was the semantic change of Samceh El Quasim , as a result of his emotional affectivity and adoption of phrases and statements from Quran , Bible and Torah. in this context, the poet is set free of literary language into poetic gesture. The major factors which contributed in the semantic change of Samceh EL Quasim was the domestic heritage including traditional Legends , The poet extracted this heritage fro In his environment in the countryside and his Galeelan society particularly, and Palestinian in general. His memory absorbs tales ,stories and folk songs where his semantic change blossomed . The literal heritage in his semantic change played an important role in poetry, sometimes he embodied full poetic stanzas, and sometimes he comprehended names of characters from literature for the figuring and embodiment of the real Palestinian tragedy. Then the researcher discussed the environmental factors which contributed in the semantic change in Samceh EL Quasirri's poetry. They are political , social , cultural and natural change of the poet. They were the semantic symbolism which Quasim used a lot, then the semantic eloquence where he formed metaphor , simile and figurative expression , and at last the psychological semantic which is related with the poet's real life and hard conditions. so , in order to over throw and drop the over burden, the poet used this semantic change. The researcher pointed out to the general and private semantic and she found out many other semantics which were reshaped from its private concept into general and vice versa through the texts of Quasim. In the end , the researcher tackled the semantic issues like oppositions , connotations , synonyms , semantic fields , gestures , comparison , Hyponymy and grammatical issues . she focused on using the modern phrases and ready expressive vocabulary. The researcher hopes that she was successful in her research and she had managed to convey her message clearly about the semantic change in Sameeh EL Quasirn's poetry
مستويات الخطاب البلاغي في سورة البقرة
(2001) عبير محمد فايز مسعد; Dr. Khaleel Odeh
In the first chapter, I have reached the following conclusions: The most important one is that the language in the Holy Koran is miraculous and of high quality. This miracle appears in the way words are used to express meanings and thoughts, and the way each word is in its suitable position and its connection to other words. The Holy Koran expresses thoughts and meanings in a sensitive way as if they were paintings. In addition to its expression of meanings and thoughts in a very symbolic way. The Holy Koran widens the reader's awareness and it opens up new avenues for thinking until it reaches the desired meaning. In the second chapter, I have reached these considerations: The Holy Koran has addressed different kinds of people giving each type a special address, The Holy Koran has also given special dignity and honor to the phrophet's words since it has given them the honour to be the mediator between Allah and their nations. Our phrophet's Mohammad has been given the most honorable position among other prophets since Allah has addressed him by saying, "Oh, phrophet.." . It is worth mentioning that The Koran has honored its believers in many verses. However, unbelievers were addressed in a very frightening way as a warning for them. People as a whole were addressed as "people" showing them good and evil. From this paragraph we can conclude that the addressees changed according to the addressees and according to the purpose of the address. In the third chapter, I have found elements of similarities taken from nature. The strength of these elements are the reason for its continuity. We find the expressions of meanings and thoughts being very serious in talking about unbelievers revealing their dark sides, but very flexible in talking about believers. Finally, I hope that I have accomplished this matter successfully and given the reader conclusions that might be of great help.
Stylistic and Artistic Features in An-Nahl Sura
(2001) أسامة عبد المالك إبراهيم عثمان;
This study fell into three chapters: stylistics, artistry and text consistency of the Sura. The study employed the stylistic revealing the stylistic features in An-Nahl Sura (chapter). This approach revolved around general linguistics data. It also invested other branches of language critically and aesthetically. Furthermore, the study dwelt on the artistic features in the Sura. The Sura's room for consistency has formed its fabric and harmonized its total structure. In so doing, the study synthesized between the stylistic and artistic investigation, coupled with large-scale distinctive consistency, covering all the text interrelationships and variations. The stylistic study was crystal clear phonetic, sound and structure levels. There were also other stylistic features, the results of which were semiotic and aesthetic characteristics. The artistic imagery comprised of metaphors, similes and other figures of speech. These images contributed to dualism thus giving vividness and excitement to the text. Consistency gave shape to fabric of the Sura. This consistency was comprehensive and centered around one central point and from which- parallel secondary consistencies emerged. This consistency itself had In obvious role in the text consistency, regularity and fabric rules.
Maani AL-Quran Between AL-Farra and Az-Zajjaj, Syntax Study
(2001) Zead Mahmoud Hamoud Jabali;
This research - Maani AL - Quran Between AL- Farra and Az-Zajjaj - talks about the importance of these two books - Maani AL -Quran by AL- Farra and Maani AL -Quran and its syntax by Az-Zajjaj - both syntax and symantex It also shows the differences btween these two books in terms of illustration and ordering. of the verses. The two books not only contain Linguistic as well as syntactical matters of the Quran, but also the lexical meanings of its verses. The research displays the syntactical differences between the two books. It also shows that comprehending and understanding the texts of the Quran based on Syntax and Linguistic is very important.
شعر الزهد في العصر الأموي
(2001) احمد راضي رواجبة; Dr. Khaleel Odeh
This thesis is entitled “The asceticism Poetry in the Umayyad Period ". I discussed in this thesis briefly the asceticism poetry in the Pre-Islamic and Islamic periods, and the most important Islamic ascetic poets. Then I talked about the motivations of asceticism in the Umayyad period and the Factors that led to its origin and development. I discussed the topics which the poet talked about in his asceticism and the most prominent poets and their method of asceticism in this period. I also talked about the language of asceticism poetry and shed light on the extent to which the ascetic poet in the Umayyad period was influenced by the asceticism poetry oldie Pre-Islamic and Islamic periods, and the extent of his influence of the later Abbasid period. I concluded the thesis by talking about the meanings of the Holy Quran in the asceticism poetry in this period. At the end of this thesis, I arrived in the following findings: - The roots of asceticism poetry are ancient. They-are not only related to Islam, but they are also deeply rooted in the Pre-Islamic period. In most cases, asceticism in the Islamic period is related to pure Islamic origins and influenced by the I Holy Quran and the Prophet sayings. - Apart from the religious factor of the Holy Duran and the Prophet sayings, asceticism poetry in the Umayyad period was influenced by other economic talc( political foreign factors as a result of Arab mingling with the defeated nations that had different religions and special ascetic philosophy. - The topics of asceticism poetry in the Umayyad period concentrated on the appeal to disregard this World, to depend on God, to worship, to take a lesson from the previous nations and to consider the damaged tombs. The most prominent poets of this period were Sabeq Al-Barbary and Abu-al-Aswad A1-Doualy who represent this period very well. - The language of asceticism poetry in this period was distinguished by simplicity and avoiding queer, strange language. It was also characterized by its breaching to affect the minds and souls of people. Asceticism in this period was also characterized as a link relating the former and the later. The Umayyad poets were influenced by the ascetic poetry of time Pie-Islamic and Islamic poets and at the same time they influenced the poets of the later periods. - The verses of the Holy (bran in their meanings and expressions are clearly present in asceticism poetry. The meanings of the I Holy Quran were repeated mentioned by the ascetic poets so often that we can conclude that most of the ascetic poetry in the Umayyad period was a reflection of Islam.
تقنيات النص السردي في أعمال جبرا إبراهيم جبرا الروائية
(2001) عدوان نمر عدوان; Adel Abu Amsheh
Jabra's Speech all and always takes the various and drive for it's great interest. That because their ideas and subjects don't have any limited for the observer and the reader. They according to Jabra act as a hero's in the actions it-self - such as shahrazad Novel they according to Jabra living ... eating drinking and practicing life with a warness. The readers pleased the moral of the speakers and this in fact make us as a believer reader, that for our feel and touch. That's to say it's a kind of autobiography. The readers activities don't motionless against the actions . .. The roles come in guess and jump over the puzzler. For that, we can say that's "this is the role give it's novels it's magnificent and marvelous view. All of this come from the verses view which tell the reader all the greatest and delight evasive toward actions. At the end of the recording massage and tall's beside the addition activities and it's reflects". This speech is talked. But how can the narrator involve the reader's drive and motive to read the fiction ? The expectation which reader expect to read at Jabra' s fictions, is that . The mannar of time which has been used as an equal point for the actions and all recollections. Added to that, the subjective interact for the speech with the night and flackric, which in fact make the moral for the readers memory. The culture, which usher his fictions, cancels all old equations books and writers. For that it escape from the series for fun till it's target. The result for this is to enable to imagine and to arrange for the thought. The distinction character which looking for the surrounded world. This character isn't logical at all .. for it, join and leave ... This character has it's gently and humanity and it's revolting toward the generation of the community. The freedom and the struggle as some times suicide are questions fighting acquire each other. According to Jabra ... the worman has two shapes and views. At the first view she is an Arabic woman that has it's strong behaviors ... she acquires arts and letlure and taking it's role in the community very clearly. The second role, she narrates and adapted with the realistic fiction. The cheating or to say the trickes that used by Jabra done. To cover the characters and places ... but it's a real world with a words and drowned with terms. The place which is holy prices for its work ship. Drow it's characters by clear beauty and nasty for trelight. While the only rape that appears in the fictions just touch "Eco" it - self. The movement of the character takes the heavy of the life. The child places and play empose it-self, from the homeland, to the alienation, in its core and miss or pre-muture . The place in Jabra's fiction is a tool for descriptions. Which decorate the fiction for its pre exist ... and it's followed the lines till the end, of the fictions. At the end, we can notice the beauty of the place and timer which interact in a beautiful and magnificent view .. To be as an usher for the readers. That is conventional. The last essay to be said about the verging of Jabra's words and fact in the body of the issue it-self and it would be hrays reacting.

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