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    Al-Qattal Al-Kilabi: A Poet
    (1995) ساهرة عادل فخر الدين; Dr. Khaleel Odeh
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    Geography of Industry in Jenin
    (1997) مصطفى عثمان مصطفى غانم;
    This thesis titled " Geography of Industry in Jenin" represents a field study of industry in Jenin Governorate. It contains six chapters : (1) Introduction and Methodology (2) industrial location factors ; (3)Development of the industrial section and industrial distribution ; (4)industrial structure in the Governorate and its productivity; (5)industrial planning and projected industrial areas; and (6)Results and recommendations. This research has used descriptive statistics method by introducing data to the computer using SPSS package . most of the tables in the thesis were established by this method. Industry in Jenin was divided in to three major industries. (a) Big size industries; (b) Medium size industries; and (c) small size industries. Among the major findings of this study are: • industry in general is a new economic sector in Jenin. • Major industries are concentrated in the city itself. • Randomness and lack of planning are the characteristics of the geographic distribution of industries in Jenin Governorate. • the lack of forward and backward connections in the industrial sector in Jenin Governorate . • The existence of unemployed production capacity as a result of the bad economic situation in the governorate. • There is a tight connection between the industrial section in Jenin and that of Israel. • The study showed that there are human. And physical foundations which can be depended on in establishing industrial areas in the Governorate. Among the recommendations of this study are the following: • Rebuilding of the infrastructure of the economy in general and the industry in particular. • Development of agricultural sector in a parallel manner of the development of industrial sector. • Development of vocational education so as to enhance workers levels. • The search for external markets and the improvement of the competitiveness of Jenin's industries. • The establishment of industrial banks and establishments. • Redistribution of industries all over the governorate including the city and the rural areas.
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    الهجرة الفلسطينية إلى خارج فلسطين خلال عهد الانتداب البريطاني 1917-1948
    (1998) مفيد عمر أسعد صلاح; Dr. Nezam Izat Abbasi
    From its emergence and up to our present time, humanity has witnessed a continuous series of human immigration, simply because the movement of Man on earth is as old as the oldness of humanity. Immigration is not a new occurrence. There is difference between immigration and evacuation, despite their resemblance in context. Immigration in most cases comes in search of gaining and improving living conditions, whereas evacuation comes as a result of a natural or political disaster lading to it. Thus there is neither choice nor an opinion for a people in it. The causes of immigration or exodus of groups or individuals form their countries and the recourse of them to other states results mostly from wars, an external invasion or the outcome of economical deteriorating circumstances. There are some people who desert their countries, hoping to return to them after the disappearance of the state of insecurity or fright. These expectations might last for a long time. That is what happened to the Palestinians who left their home land hoping to return to it before WWI and later. Immigration in Palestine was distinguished by characteristics and features that made it different from most of the movements of demographic immigration, where Western imperialist forces-wishing to replace the Zionist existence in place of the Ara b one played a major role in ht adaptation of a Palestinian pattern of immigration, its range and timing. The Zionist movement, through the past decades, sought to vacate the Arab Palestinian land in order to Judaize it. Basing on this background definitely, it emerged into existence and imposed into practice programs and projects of expulsion-against the Palestinians for creating demographic changes on the land of Palestine and realizing these changes.
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    Saudi Arabia Position on The Question of Palestine 1936-1948
    (1998) Mahmoud Birawi; Dr. Tayseer Yunes Jbara
    The Study reveals the position of Saudi Arabia toward Palestine from 1936-1948 Arabia was ruled by many families as AI-Rashid who could dismissed AI-Su'ud Family who immigrated to kwait. After that Mubark As-Sabbah helped them to restore their political position. Abdul-Aziz Ibn Su'ud attached AI-Riyadh and killed their ruler and restored his family authority. He then began expanding his power on Arabia; so he defeated Ar- Rashid Family as well as the Ottman power. Many battles took place between him.and Hussein Iben AIi (Mac(froler) till the later was defeated and king Then Su'ud established his kingdom in 1932. King ThenSu'ud interest in Palestine was not enormous before the Revolution of 1936. He refused to sign Jadda Treaty in 1927 when he asked to adjust Al-Aqueer Treaty in order to become a king over AI-Hijaz and Najd. This is because Britain asked him have privileges for Jews in Palestine. But at last Britain neglected this demand and Jadda Treaty had been signed. By the eruption of AI-Buraq Revolution (1929), Then Su'ud sent a complaint letter to the British Government in which he protests against jews abuses against the Palestinian prayers. Then Su'ud shared the Islamic world in the Islamic conference (1931) which dealt with Palestine and Jerusalem. Prince Su'ud Then Abdul-Aziz visited Palestine and prayed at AI-Aqsa and .met .. the leaders of the National Movement who asked him to support Palestine. Saudia Arabia supported Palestine in the Revolution of 1936 from the different levels through the contacts between king Then Su'ud and the High Arab Committee. Saudi Arabia with the other Arab countries asked the High Arab Committee to stop the strike and meet the Royal Committee. The High Arab Committee accepted and met the Royal Committee. But the decisions of the Royal Committee was disappointing. The Division Resolution was announced in 1937. And the Saudi Arabia protested against it and supported the Palestinians. The Islamic and Arab world refused the Resolution and held Bloodan and the Arab Congress Commences (1937) in Cairo. The British Government asked the independent Arab countries, the jewish Agency and the High Arab Committee to hold London conference (1939). King Then Su'ud asked his son to defend the Palestinian Rights to which they have a just claim But again the Connfrence has been failed because of the British supporting policy toward Jews. Saudi Arabia was hesitated against the white paper (1939). When nthe World War II began; King Then Su'ud refused all conspiracies against Palestine, because these are against his policy. The Zionist Movement became active during World War II in order to force the American President-Rosefolt to help Jews. King ThenSu'ud sent many letters to "Rosefolt" to clarify the Palestinian Right. Then a meeting was held between RosefoIt and King Then Su'ud in which Rosefolt asked for Permission for the Jewish immigration to Palestine. But Iben Su'ud refused this and sent him a letter in which he insisted on the Palestinian Rights. The Anglo-American Committee visited Palestine in 1946 and some of the Arab Countries. The Committee met Then Su'ud whom insisted on his refusal to the Committee Division Resolution and his support to the Palestinian. But the Committee again supported the jewish and American demands. The Arabs then held two conferences in Anshass and Bloodan (1946) to refuse the Decision of the Anglo American Committee. The British Government asked the Arabs to attend a conference in London (1946). And again, it was failed to achieve the Palestinian demands. Then, Palestine Case was referred to the United Nations who in turn announced the Division Resolution in (1947). Saudi Arabia protested against the Resolution. After that the Arabs, held many conferences in Sofer, Alia and Cairo to support Palestine. When the Israeli- Palestinian War erupted, Saudi Arabia participated by supplying Palestine morally and financially. Also Saudi Arabia sent volunteers to defend the Palestinians.
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    Education In Nablus During The British Mandate
    (1998) Majd Abed-Al-Fatah Abdoh; Dr. Mahmoud Ataallah
    The education public system in Palestine was essentially established by the Ottoman law in 1869 and 1913. During the Ottoman period, few public schools were available Nablus The oldest were AI-Khan School built in 1879, and the Rushdiyah School in 1889. The two famous schools were the Eastern Rashadiyah School and the Western Rashadiyah School. The Kutab System ( the Old Quran Schools) was found in Nablus in Mosques and Maqamat Al-Awliya. The religious instructions formed part of the curriculum. There were no qualified teachers, and each Kutab system had its own curriculum. In general, the education system, during the Ottoman period, was very poor in the number of qualified teachers, ignorance of the significance 01" the education both females and males. There were no schools for girls, no budgets, lack and shortage in textbooks. Even the curriculum was traditional and not flexible, and the teaching language of instruction in schools was the Ottoman language (Turkish). During the British Mandate 1918-1948, a new Education Ordinance replaced the then existing (Ottoman) legislation. It was proposed under the Ordinance to make regulation for local education authorities and for schools in the public system. The Government Department of Education was established in 1920, and it was headquartered in Jerusalem. It was controlled by director, with a deputy director (both British) and were assisted by a Palestinian Inspectorate. There were Arab Inspector in Jerusalem, Jaffa, Nablus and Haifa They were in charge of running government schools in their own districts. The education system during the British Mandate improved slightly. In 1933, a new Education Ordinance was issued. It aimed at encouraging the establishment of elementary schools, and allowed the establishment of national and private schools like An-Najah Nabulssiyah School, and Oar Al-Aytarn School. Also a special local committee for education was set up, to manage the education system inside Nablus, impose the education tax, and appoint teachers in the local schools. In Nablus, there were five schools for males and six schools for females, and in addition to eight private schools. The famous and the largest was An-Najah National School which late became a secondary school and community college. But Nablus needed more schools to overcome the problem of illiteracy, due to the shortage in the number of schools. Also many shortages prevented from developing the public schools system. The financial policy prevented any marked expansion of activities in the field of Arab education. No new elementary schools were established for both females and males. There was no maintenance of the old schools. Secondary schools were not available. The government opened secondary classes in certain elementary schools in Nablus such as Salahiyah school for male, and in 1946 for female in Al-Aishiyah school. In Nablus only one elementary school had secondary classes for females and males. Some elementary schools consisted of seven years, while other schools had only a four-year program. There were no Palestinian universities, or vocational school, or agricultural school. The British Mandate education policy aimed at preparing a few qualified people to work as clerks in the government departments, rather than the education of the Palestinians. This policy prevented the Palestinians from any national education system. The education ordinance allowed the British Director to punish, or to arrest any teacher or student for any political activities. During the 1936 rebellion, the British Mandate closed all schools in Palestine. For example, the British authoroties had closed An-Najah National College for three years.
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    Nablus: A Study in Population Structure and Housing Characteristics
    (1998) Maher Abu Saleh; Dr. Hussein Ahmad
    This study researched the housing characteristics and the population structure in Nablus , one of the largest cities in Palestine . The study falls into seven chapters . The first chapter included the research plan , statements of the problem , study objectives , hypotheses limits of the study questionnaire, the statistical analysis and review of literature . The second chapter dwelt on age and structure of Nablus population It was found that the toun’s population fell within the demographic transitional stages of young age category. The mediumage of the town's populations was. The sex ratio in the city was the lowest compared with its counterparts in the West Bank (105,6). In the third chapter, the researcher investigated the social and the economic structure. The study tackled the education status of the population. The rate of literacy among people six years of age and over was 92.6% . The rate of illiteracy amounted 7.4o/o . Education among people, years of age and over topped 94% . The rate in the Palestinian lands was 84%. when studying marital status of population, it was found 20.6 of males were single as opposed to 19.8% . The rate of married females was 35.9% opposed to rate among males which amounted to 31.5%. The mean age at first marriage among males in the city was 25.5 as opposed to among females . Concerning Practical situation of populations, the crude economic activity rate of the city populations was 26 .1% . The general economic activity rate was 45% . The unemployment rate, at the time of conducting this study, was 14.6%. Male workers represented the largest proportion of the work force is the city ( 84.2% ) . Construction sector took the , largest percentage of workers (21 .1% ). The average monthly income of a family household in the city was 442.5 Jordanian dinars as opposed to the average monthly income in the West Bank which amounted to 305,6 Jordanian dinars. In the fourth chapter, the researcher studied the family structure. The average size of the family in the city was 6.6 members. The nuclear family was the prevailing patten1 in the city. This style of family represented 85 .6% of all families. The fifth chapter was deroted to housing characteristics. The percentage of owned houses topped 72.6% and rented houses 26.7%. The average annual rent was 578.7 Jordanim1 dinars. In building, several construction materials were used. Store houses, from all sides, represented 30.2% of all housing in the city. Concrete and stone houses accounted for 46.8%. Some 38% of the town housing was independent housing units. The average of housing space in Nablus, increased to 138 square meters as opposed to the average in other West Bank cites (125sqm). The average number of rooms, per housing unit, was 4.1 This average and higher than that in the west Bank (3.6 rooms). The occupancy ratio (degree of crowdedness), per house, was 1, 58, members per room> In other West Bank towns, this rate was higher and reached 1,95 members per room. In the sixth chapter , the researcher studied the services available in households. It was found that 97.3% of all houses had water faucets of their own. All houses have power supply from Nablus Municipality About 96.4% of all houses are connected with the public serverage system in the city. 'Some 55 .1% of houses depended on gas as a sources of heating . In this chapter, the researcher also studied the extent of basic facilities available in houses. It was found that 98.6% of town's houses had kitchens, 98.4% had bathrooms and 99o/o had toilets. The researcher also student he availability of electronic equipment: T. V, video, radio, fridges, washing machines, cars , etc. In the last chapter , the researcher conducted an analysis of the findings of the study .
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    Trends and Levels of Fertility in the District of Qulqilia
    (1998) خضر محمد خضر عودة;
    This study aims to measure the trends and levels of fertility and demographic and socio-economic factors that affect it in the district of Qulqilia. To achieve this purpose, the study depends on a specific and special questionnaire which is distributed in the district in January 1997. The entitled area is classified into three patterns according to the number of population (city, big villages, and small villages). Astrified random sample of 5% of the household in the district was chosen. The study includes six chapters as the following: The first one illustrates the geographical features of the district; its Importance, objectives and the motivations and justifications behind this study that clarifies its problems and curriculums. Chapter two looks over the previous studies which are done on the same subject in Palestine, other Arab countries, and foreign ones. Chapter three studies the structure of population. It states that 46.5%of the people are under the age of 15.The rate of economical dependency is 3.75 while the unemployment is 12% the monthly average income is336.6 JD. Chapter four studies the levels of fertility and factors affecting them .It shows that the crude birth rate is 40.5 per thousand. It agrees with the nativity in the West Bank according to the P.C.B.S which is about 41.2 per thousand in 1994 . The total fertility rate in Qulqilia district is 7.27 .It is determined by the patterns of residence where it goes up in small villages due to the differences in culture and social standards. In the West Bank and Gaza Strip, the total fertility rate is 6.24 in 1996.The duration of marriage, current age, and years of education are the major factors that influence the number of children ever born whereas the characteristics related to the husband are less effect than those of a wife. Chapter five deals with the trends of fertility and factors that affect then in Qulqilia district. It shows that the percent of women who are in the childbearing age and wish to have more children is 50.4%. In contrast to the figures Statistics of the Palestinian Center ,shows that 48.4% of those do not want to have more children in addition to their children in the West Bank in 1996. A study of factors that affect the number of children wished to be born states that the duration of marriage, years of education for a mother, the number of children ever born and the current age of the mother are the most important factors affected the number of children wish to have by the woman. Chapter six looks over the results and recommendation of the study.
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    Arabic Language Conjugations And Rules Based On Huthayl's Poetry
    (1998) Sa'id Yasseen; Prof. Yahya Jaber
    This research investigated the extent of Huthayl's dialect presence in the various language books and scholar's dependence on it in their construction of their grammars and linguistic opinions. In this study, I introduced the tribe's origin and provenance for their effect on the formation of their dialect linguistic structure. I explained, in this, degree of their poetical talent in the light of the number of the tribe's poets and the volume of cultural legacy they left behind. In this regard, I cited scholars' opinions concerning the eloquence of this dialect and its status among Arabian dialects. I dipped in language books and dictionaries in order to collect scattered information and expressions attributed, by scholars, to Huthayl's dialect. In this context, I cited examples from its poetry. I also listed their words in meaning groups. I have also studied its poetry and explained it and showed existing relationships in poems and linguists' opinions about poetry. In addition, I have quoted Huthayl's poetry as cited in books of grammar and morphology which have been used by grammarians in building their rules, and their grammatical and morphological opinions. I have presented these examples within the general framework of the linguistic rule. I also collated scholars' opinions and showed the points of view on this. Moreover, I also crystallized some linguistic issues reflected in previous chapters within linguistic levels: Phonological, Morphological, Syntactical and Semiotic. I explained all of these levels through citing of examples from Huthayl's poetry. In the completion of this research, I depended on several sources, both old and new: Volumes of poetry and language dictionaries, books on grammar and morphology. I strenuously worked to produce this research in its presents from. To conclude, I can say that Huthayl's dialect and status were aimportant among the other Arabian dialects. Huthayl's poetry was also significant in the construction of linguistic rules particularly in the prevalence of this poetry in various language works and the abundance of linguistic rules which are still a reference used by scholars both in their linguistic and literary research.
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    شعر الغزل العذري في العصر العباسي: شعراؤه واتجاهاته الموضوعية والفنية
    (1998) لينا عبد ربه خورشيد الشخشير; Mohammad Nofal
    Throughout this study, the researcher tried to shed some light on various aspects regarding the Platonic love Poetry during the abased period. These aspects that have been discussed included the most popular names of the platonic poetry with special emphasis give to the artistic and objective tendency of such poetry. However, this conclusion aims a providing an authoritative/summary of the overall results and findings achieved in the study. In the previous chapters has been concluded that the platonic poetry can be seen as passionate expression of pure and true love in which the poet melts his gentle feelings and emotions in a poetic at mosphere full of depresses and deprivations. This type of poetry was known during the abased period in spite of the obvious tendency towards amatory love poetry, but platonic poetry was able to flow there even in a very narrow path. During that time, a group of poet composed platonic poetry in which. they dedicated themselves to talk passionately about specific women. By doing so, their names were connected with the names. of those beloved maidens as the old platonic poets did in the past. Among these platonic poets was AL-Abbas-Ibn-AL-Ahnaf whose name connected with his beloved Fawz - On the other hand, a group of those Platonic poets dedicated their poetry to compose pure and passionate platonic poetry in which a reader can "smell" the odor of true pureness and loyality mixed with sad sighs and warmth of their feelings without being connected with. specific woman. Among those, there was Al-Hussein Ibn - Muttair. The analytical contemplation of the Abbasid Platonic poetry revealed that this style carried in some degree the most fundamental elements of the preceding Umayyad platonic poetry, that is, the cleanness and the pureness of true love. Other elements found to be changed and varied so as to cope with new on-going developments during the Abbasid period. Nevertheless. It was found that even the love stories of those new Abbasid poets were closer to the old Preceding platonic poets since their lives, social and emotional, were an extension of the lives of the preceding poets. Furthermore, it ~as found that in addition to elements of pureness and deprivation, the poet revealed a degree of urban aspects which were not found in the preceding platonic poetry though such as pects can be found exceptionally in orner Ibn-Abi- Rabee'ah's poetry during Umayyad period and some of his companions. The most obvious new aspects in the Abbasid Platonic poetry included, correspondence exchanging gifts, describing palaces and assemblies in addition to accurate description of the beloved girl using different forms of similes and metaphors attributed to her beauty which were token from the surrounding environment. Moreover, there was special concentration given to the artistic construction of the platonic casita during the abbasid period which revealed that certain types of meters and rhymes and rhythms were used to compose such poetry. By using statically tables it was found that long meters were mostly used in addition to the use of the ultimate rhymes. Also, more emphasis was given to the artistic form of this poetry which revealed that those poet expressed their deep emotions, feeling, meanings and experiences spontaneously and free from artificiality and exaggeration. As a result of this deep a analysis, it is concluded that platonic poetry wasn't stopped during the abbasid period but it continued in Avery limited range as a result of different factors. One of those factors was the wide spread of new different way of life in which people were drawn to different means of amusement including liquor and singing assemblies', jesting and dancing which contributed to an obvious spread of disgraceful literature which, in some extent, was free from religious rules and common virtues. Therefore, most poets dedicated their poetry towards filtrating a number of foreign maidens and female slaves who possessed distinctive features of beauty and urbanity. Those charming and attractive maidens used to accompany men in their assemblies in order to amuse them through jesting, singing and dancing. This new way of life promoted poets to dedicate their poetry to describe disgraceful features of beauty followed by an expression of shameless desires and incentives which resulted into two types of flirtation erotic and nonerotic (preservative) love poetry. The spread of the two types reduces the use of platonic poetry in some extent. In addition to what have been mentioned above, it can be said that the majority of abbasid platonic poets were not well-known that no interest was given to collect their works or to narrate their stories as happened with Abbas - Ibn - AL-Ahnaf. The reason behind this obvious hidden of those poets from literature can be attributed to their true intention to express their deep feelings and emotions passionately free from any material benefit. However, the shadow of the platonic poetry has still been reflected as one clear aspect of the abased period although it seems that this poetry lost many of its distinctive characteristics, and in turn gained new different elements as a result of the new developments and changes that took place in the Abbasid period . In such case, it was difficult for the platonic poetry to preserve its distinguished qualities more than one generation. Therefore, we should look into this poetry through different point of view. This view allows us to see the platonic poetry form the side of the Abbasid period with its own characteristics away from vices and desires an one side, and through the Umayyad platonic poets with their deep pure feelings and warmth of sighs on the other side - Eventually, this point of view applies to the Abbasid platonic poetry.
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    النفايات الصلبة في مدينة نابلس: دراسة في جغرافية البيئة
    (1999) رائد إبراهيم عبد الرحيم حنيني;
    English Abstract Not Available
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    (السخرية في الشعر الفلسطيني المقاوم بين عامي (1948-1993
    (1999) فراس عمر اسعد الحاج محمد; Prof. Adel Al-Osta
    This research talks about "The Sarcasm in the Resisting Palestinian Poetry between (1948-1993)" and the kinds of sarcasm in this poetry showing the subjects of sarcasm and some artistic sides that are related to the poems of sarcasm. the researcher has divided the research into: an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction was a theoretical research about sarcasm which included the linguistic meaning and the idiomatic meaning of sarcasm in addition to its connection with the literature of liberty in general and the Palestinian literatures. The first chapter talks about sarcasm in this poetry between the years (1948-1967). The second chapter talks about sarcasm, between (1967-1987) and the third chapter talks about sarcasm between (1987- 1993). This study has also talked about the exiled poets and the peots inside the occupied Palestine in all periods. The researcher has used the historical approach to follow the studied tests, he has used the descriptive-analytical approach to analyze these texts and the artistic approach to explain some artistic sides. At the end of this research, the researcher has reached to results, the most important results are : 1. The Palestinian sarcasm in poetry depends on the political situations positively and negatively. 2. The subjects of the poets of sarcasm are almost the same in all periods. 3. Some poets of sarcasm has used the expressions and terms that are close to the colloquial language because sarcasm addresses the crowds of people and to give sarcasm an artistic side. 4. The poets of sarcasm has mixed the old and modem forms. Sarcasm in the traditional poetic form is mostly mixed with satire. 5. In the Palestinian poetry of sarcasm some formal sides have appeared and there sides concern the poetry of sarcasm, one side is the side of Al-Abegram of Marid Al-Barghothi and Samih Al-Qasem.
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    محددات اختبار الموقع الصناعي في محافظة طولكرم: دراسة في التخطيط الصناعي
    (1999) إياد احمد فياض عبد الهادي;
    This thesis has dealt with Industrial Planning in Tulkarm Governorate from a geographical point of view. It contains the following chapters: 1st Chapter: Study Methodology. 2nd Ch3pter: Literature Review. 3rd Chapter: Industrial Realities in the Governorate: development and geographical distribution, its contribution to labor employment, production and local and external trade and problems. 4th Chapter: A vailable human and natural resources in the Governorate. 5th Chapter: Factors affecting location selection of firms according to location, type and size. 6th Chapter: Location selection for industrial areas by differentiating among suggested industrial zones. 7th Chapter: Conclusions and recommendations. In order to achieve that, the author studied and analyzed recent statistics published by the Palestinian Bereau of Statistics, sources and references, in addition to designing a questionnaire to fill m the gaps related to industrial establishments in Tulkrarm Governorate. After collecting the data, the computer-SPSS –package was used to analyse it. Main conclusions of this study are: The small size of industrial establishments in the governorate, and the weak contribution of these establishments m employment's, productions, value added and marketing. Industry is still brand new in the Governorate. A haphazard distribution of industries there. The existence of human and natural resources needed for industry in the Governorate. Main factors affecting the selection of industrial firms are: (1) Closeness to market. (2) Existence of industrial agglomeration. (3) Land ownership. (4) Closeness to owner's residence. (5) Cheap labor force. (6) The nearness of roads. (7) Availability of energy. (8) Market need for output. Khadouri area is considered as the best location in terms of evaluation, however, it is the worst in terms of environmental effects. The author suggested an area as the best location which supposed to be taken into consideration for future industrial planning.
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    التصحر في محافظة بيت لحم
    (1999) عليان عليان;
    English Abstract Not Available
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    الجنة في القران: دراسة في البناء اللغوي والأسلوب البلاغي
    (1999) خليل عبد القادر قطناني; Prof. Yahya Jaber
    This research investigates various features of the verses of the holy Quran on the Paradise. Indeed, it aims at finding out the 1inguistic'deviations of the holy Quran of the language expressing many views and scenes of the Paradise and also their own significance . The Quranic verses of the paradise cover a wide range in the holy Quran as a mark of the divine secret ( supernatural ) . Also the persuasion invites to achieve the awakening of a devise and the motivation ,including simulation ...... It also explores typical interpretations of the occupants of the Paradise .By this way ,the holy Quran proves its prodigy ,as aside with intellectual and aesthetical factors . In this investigation ,there is a comparison among the method of the holy Quran and the publisher ,the authors and production of poets ,concerning the views of the Paradise in the holy Quran .Actually ,the Quranic method echoed well on their productions . The result of this investigation ,as follows: 1. The holy Quran function of the language to serve and express the views of the Paradise well. 2. The purposes of glorification and multiplication, in the Quranic verses on the Paradise ,are much risen wiper than the other purposes of rhetoric. 3. The harmony and rhythm seem nice in offering the Quranic verses on the Paradise it indeed addresses the heart. 4. This research is not complete and needs to other studies.
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    The Commerce And The Caliph State In Early Islamic Times From The Message To The End Of Ummayes State
    (1999) سحر يوسف القواسمي; Dr. Jamal Judeh
    This study discusses the relationship and role of the commerce in the Caliph State. This project is divides into five sections: THE FIRST SECTION: The Social And Cultural Conditions Of Merchants: It is apparent that the majority of merchants in the early Islamic Times were Arabs. In the Ummayes Times, the Arab merchants role weakened and was substituted for the Mawalyes. Furthermore, women, slaves, and clerks practiced trade activities. Merchants had good relations with all sectors of the public. That helped them to play administrative and political roles in the state. They also have an important role in the social and cultural life of people. That's is, they were so educated that they were reporters, postmen, and journalists They carried people's messages, and helped in spreading the Islam in areas never reached before by Muslims. Moreover, they took part in solving many financial problems of their society and worked as Iiazon between the public and the rulers. THE SECOND SECTION: The Economic Status Of Merchants: This section discusses the financial resources and abilities of merchants, and their investments in buying lands and properties. Their wealth had been shown clearly in their levels of living, clothes, and wives jewellery. That good situation gave them an advantage to establish business similar to the bank works, people and government used to borrow from them. THE THIRD SECTION : The State Officials And Trade: It has been found out that most of the state men (Officials) and rulers were merchants in the first half of the century of the Islamic appearance. The prophet Mohammed (PBUH) was a merchant. Those merchants supported the Islamic Da'waa (message) and contributed in building the state. Therefore, the state supported them. For example, it chose its ambassadors and messengers from them, also it gave them high positions in the state. THE FOURTH SECTION: Merchants And The State Economical Institutions: Merchants, officials, and notables had benefited from Beit-Elmal (the State Save). They could borrow money from it and make business. They sometimes bought debts or goods .cheaper than their real prices and sell them. After the spread of Islam, there were many commercial centers for the public and private people. The trade had flourished and made a big progress. There were various types of goods. The government issued a new tax called: the tenth. Dealers were requested to pay such taxes. THE FIFTH SECTION: Merchants And Jihad: Merchants have a big role in the Islamic spread and Jihad. They got benefit from that because new markets would be open in front of them, and thus new benefits and activities. The leaders of the armies focused on commercial markets and centers when invading a new area .That situation explained why merchants used to call for peace and (suluh). Also, they contributed much in supporting the armies with food, weapons, and money. Another important role for them was to work as spies for Islamic armies leaders. Merchants also, politically neutral. They dealt with hostile rivals equally concerning selling and buying goods. Thus, they were allowed to enter all countries and war areas without permission. All the varies Islamic treaties supported that.
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    Education In Hebron During The British Mandate 1920-1948
    (1999) Yasser Hussen Soleman Saleh; Prof. Nezam Izzet Al-Abasy
    This study examines the educational and cultural conditions In Hebron during the British mandate on Palestine (1920-1948). The significance of the study stems from the fact that the subject matter has not been thoroughly researched despite its historical importance to the people of Hebron in particular and to all Palestinians in general. The first chapter examines the educational situation in Hebron in the later episode of the Ottoman era, with a special emphasis on schools, their types, terms of study and curricula. Moreover, foreign schools, whether Jewish or Christian, were also studied. The Second Chapter examines thoroughly the educational and cultural conditions in Hebron during the British mandate era. The chapter has two sections, first a general description of the state of education in Palestine during that period; and, second, a descriptive and critical analysis of the educational situation in Hebron in the same period, including schools, number of students, teachers' salaries, appointment of teachers, extracurricular activities, cultural clubs and their role in the educational process, and the role of Hebron students In contemporary political events and the official government curriculum. The third chapter examines government schools in Hebron, including all-male and all-female schools. It cited schools, locations, students, staff, and relations to the Government's department of education as well as extracurricular activities. The fourth chapter is devoted to Hebron municipal schools, including locations, students, staff, and relations with the municipal council, and the later transformation of these schools into public schools. Finally, the fifth chapter examines private schools in Hebron. The author examined these schools in detail, illustrating their history (according to seniority) and role in the educational process as well as their relations to the Supreme Islamic Council and their extracurricular activities.
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    الرواية الفلسطينية في الضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة 1967 - 1993م
    (2000) يوسف محمد ذياب الشحادة; Prof. Adel Al-Osta
    This research shows through three terms, Palestinian novel in West Bank and Gaza Strip between 1967-1993. Taking into consideration that 1967 acting the beginning of big change in the life of Palestinian people. Generally June War had lead to Israeli direct control on West Bank and Gaza Strip which had a companied by political, military, economical, social, and cultural changes which made direct and indirect results on Palestinian people. The first term searches the beginning of Palestinian novel before 1948; where from its nature, technical level and the subjects which had dealt with, pointing to pioneers efforts in this scale mentioning the names of the most popular novels in that period. The research had mentioned also the nature of novelty movement between 1948-1967 showing the effect of 1948s events on the novel movement, pointing to the most famous novelists of this period, mentioning the names of the most popular novels which had appeared in this period, and opinions of critics and learners about it. The research had focused on the novel movement in West Bank and Gaza Strip between 1967-1993, where from had dealt with the beginnings of the novelty production and counting the names of the issued novels, the date of publishing, the names of authors, some literature translations of their life’s, the literature beginnings of them; whether they had written the novel since the beginning of their literature activity, or if they had written another literature types as the short story and the poetry, then they had moved to write the novel. The research also discussed the essence and objective reasons which had lead to spreading of the short story and poetry in a previous period to novels spreading. The research had dealt with the nature of the criticism movement which had companied the novel (the subject of studying) the type of criticism which had appeared and the opinions of the critics of novelty works. The second term had dealt with Palestinian novel subjects; where from it had been limited the most important subjects which had been discussed by the novels (the subject of the study) which had been classified to: 1. Political — national subject. 2. Social subject. 3. Educational subject. 4. Woman subject. 5. Intifada subject. Where from the research had mentioned the previous subjects through novelty models, where the studying subject had appeared clearly more than others. The third term had dealt with two scales: 1) Novel environments which had been classified to: 1. City environment. 2. Village environment. 3. Camp environment. 4. Prison environment. The previous environment had been studied through novelty models symbolizing these environments clearly. 2) Novel construction. The research had mentioned some novel models the Palestinian novel construction according to the novelty shape. The speaker in the novel and some methods as: letters, language and characters.
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    الأعلام في القرآن الكريم
    (2000) احمد مصلح حسين دريدي; Prof. Yahya Jaber
    This research "Proper Nouns in the Holy Koran" includes an introduction, three chapters, and an abstract. In the first chapter "Classification of Proper Nouns in the Holy koran," proper nouns are classified into eight groups as follows: Names of prophets and messengers, names of books, names of angels, names of good people, names of tyrants, names of statues and whoever worshipped other than God, names of places and descriptions. This classification includes all proper nouns in the Holy Koran. The second chapter "Origination of Proper Nouns and their Connotations' investigates the origin of these proper nouns whether Arabic or non-Arabic through books of interpretation, history, as well as dictionaries. In fact, I did not take everything mentioned by our ancient scholars for granted, but I tended to select one connotation of these proper nouns over others taking into consideration verses of the Holy koran in addition to the abstract connotation of the proper noun. It is very well-known that the Holy Koran is a reference to the Arabic Language and not vice versa. I usually (find) in the koran the proof which supports my selection. In this chapter, I should admit that there is still one issue which remains unsolved i.e the complete ascertaining of whether some proper nouns are Arabic or non-Arabic. If I had been involved in this issue, this research would have diverted from its original plan. Moreover, this issue is in need of another whole research which takes a long time in coming up with an entire induction about the origins of these proper nouns. The third chapter deals with the extent to which these proper nouns are popular and used. In this chapter, it was found that the Koranic proper nouns, and mainly the names of persons, are divided into five sections: 1. Names used very often. 2. Names used moderately. 3. Names used sometimes. 4. Names used rarely. 5. Names not used at all.
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    Damascus_Al_Sham Province During Prince Tinkiz 712-740H/1312-1339/1340G
    (2000) Abdel Jabbar Ahmed Moh'd Al_Amleh; Dr. Mahmoud Atallah
    This Study approached Damascus Province in a short period of time of Mamluke age history, the period when Al-Husami prince Tinkiz ruled Damascus between (712-740Hl1312-1339/1340G) It's noted that AIMamalik paid much more attention to Damascus than other provinces of AL-Sham (Syria). Its governor was given large authorities and powers more than others. From managemental point of view, jobs were different and various as well as other provinces, but the importance of Damascus resulted in increasing jobs in comparison with other provinces. From political and military point of view, Damascus played an important role for the Mamluke state. Prince Tinkiz became responsible for the whole areas of AI-Sham, and was considered as deputy to the Sultan Nasser ibn Qalawun in Al- Sham. He also played an important role in foreign affairs with both Maghoul and Armanians. In economical field, products varied in Damascus, and industry flourished. Trade flourished internally and externally, too. In scientific sphere, Damascus witnessed various educational organizations, and scholars appeared in the area, the matter that Damascus became a place to which scholars and learners go. In social side, Damascus community contained various groups. There were Muslims, Christians and Jews. Besides, there were the Egyptians, people of Jerusalem, Nablus, Aleppo, Hama, Kerak and others.
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    The Jewish Community in Hebron between 1917-1936
    (2000) Shehadeh Murshed Shehadeh Rajabi; Dr. Taysir Jbara
    This study comprises an introduction, a forward, three chapters and a conclusion. In the forward I talked about various names of Hebron in history. In addition I talked about the city and its geographical position, its historical and religious importance to both Muslims and Jews. In the first chapter, I discussed the arrival of Jews during the Ottoman rule. During the Ottoman authority position toward there the work they carried out, their schools and places of worship and the effect of Zoinism upon them in the 19th., century. However in the second chapter , the study talks about the conditions of the Jewish community in Hebron between 1917- 1929 ; how they were affected materially in their trade with the Arabs ; the social relations among the community and relations with the Arab ; the political conditions and its effect on the Jews and their relations with the Zionist Committee on the one hand, and with the British mandate, on the other hand; and the position of the national movement in Hebron towards the Jews. In the third and last chapter, the direct and special reasons of the uprising of Hebron people in 1929 were discussed , explaining how clashes occurred on 24/08/ 1929 and their effect on Jews and the Arabs. Also, how the Zionist Committee made great efforts to resettle Jews in the city which lasted from 1931 to 1936