Political Planning and Development

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/3175

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Browsing Political Planning and Development by Author "Dr. Raid Nairat"

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    The Impact Of The Government Planning Of The Palestinian Authority On Political Development (1994-2009)
    (2012) Wathiq Bassam Ahmad Abdallah; Dr. Raid Nairat
    Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the public policy of the successive Palestinian governments since the establishment of the Authority until the year 2009 through reviewing the programs and objectives of these governments. The study also sought to recognize the feasibility of planning adopted by the Palestinian National Authority in achieving the Palestinian national project to end the occupation and establish the Palestinian independent state. The researcher also seeks to know whether the establishment of the Palestinian state was the central concern in the plans of each government or that each one worked as separate entities? The study proposed that sound governmental planning has led to the main objective for which the National Authority was established which is the liberation of the land and the establishment of the Palestinian state. The researcher adopted the analytical, descriptive approach which is based on describing the characteristics of the programs and collect information about them over several periods which requires accurate description of the plans. The governmental programs have been collected, had their goals checked, in addition to the interviews that have been conducted with the concerned and the experts in the field. The analytical side of the approach depended on observation that results from analyzing information and documents and aims to reach the objective and organized description, in addition to the study of specialized resources and references that are related to the subject matter of the study as well as the data issued by the governments. The study has reached to a number of results which include the fact that the limitations imposed by the Oslo and Paris conventions on the Palestinian National Authority have hindered the development process extensively. These conventions have also forced the Authority to abandon its developmental objectives and the replacement of the liberation of the land with the establishment of a Palestinian state on the Line of 4 June, 1967. This had a negative impact on the open choices available to the Authority to deal with the Israeli occupation. There was a kind of consistency in the objectives of the successive governments with respect to their developmental plans especially the establishment of the independent Palestinian state. In the United Nations, the member countries have voted for the recognition of the Palestinian state that the Palestinian National Authority has promised the Palestinians with. However, the decision of the United Nations came with rejection and opposite to the expectations of the Palestinian Authority. The main challenge that faces the development of effective public institutions in Palestine is not a financial, administrative or technological, but rather political. The Palestinian plan suffers from a lack of a comprehensive developmental perspective due the an absence of collective Palestinian priorities. As a result, the Palestinian developmental plans did not depart from a clear or definite developmental social philosophy. Foreign funding plays a major role in forming the Palestinian jurisdiction with its geographic, cultural, political, economical and social dimensions and is considered one of the tools of colonialism. The study finally recommended that the Palestinian National Authority must be able to control and achieve sovereignty on the different parts of this state, achieve independence and economical stability which are not yet available in the Palestinian economical and political reality. The study also recommended the necessity to solve the problem of legitimacy that the Palestinian system is going through as quick as possible. Also, the Palestinian planning process must enjoy high flexibility to be able to deal with the immense changes that are taking place. The Palestinian Government must offer its people a clear, applicable national program and to provide a unified strategic vision that is agreed upon by all Palestinians and leads to a clarity in objectives.
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    Impact of the Second Palestinian Legislative Elections on Palestinian Democratic Transformations
    (2008) Khalil Mohamad Mahmood Abu Arab; Dr. Raid Nairat
    This study examined the impact of the second Palestinian legislative elections on Palestinian democratic transformations within the Palestinian society in the wake of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas)'s winning of these elections. To this end, the researcher raised questions pertinent to the impact of these elections on the future of the Palestinian political system. The researcher also studied the variables which have affected the political system from the ratification of Oslo Accords to the second parliamentary elections which effected important changes in the Palestinian democracy. To answer the questions of this study, the researcher began with a survey of Oslo Accords in terms of their nature and their effect on the Palestinian society. The researcher specifically investigated how the Palestinians got engaged in the political process and its impact on the Palestinian political system. As a matter of fact, their Palestinian Israeli agreements in Oslo had affected the Palestinian political system and created a state of division within the Palestinian society inside and in the Diaspora. Nevertheless, the agreement made it possible for the Palestinians to establish the first Palestinian authority in their land. However, this authority did not have full sovereignty. The researcher also explained that these agreements had written off the Palestinians' demand for the restoration of the 1948 lands after their acceptance and recognition of the UN resolutions 242 and 338. The researcher then moved to discuss the nature of the Palestinian political system and the impact of that on the democratic transformations in the Palestinian society. To this end, the researcher examined the influence of the second Palestinian legislative elections in the Palestinian factions and forces. These elections and their results were a very important turning point in the Palestinian society. All Palestinian national factions and forces, except Islamic Jihad, participated in these elections landslide. The victory of Hamas in these elections was a political upheaval in the political system from being a one- party political system to a system characterized by political pluralism. This victory by Hamas in these legislation elections surprised all including Hamas itself. That stunning victory came after the democratic process to proved that the Palestinian people's option was not necessarily supportive of the foreign and American position. Smoothness and quiet, which accompanied these elections, also astonished observers and the public. The Palestinians individuals and institutions, took upon themselves to make these elections a success. No violations were reported during the election process. This made international observers consider what had happened a big change in the democratic course of the Palestinian people. The researcher concluded that these elections have contributed to the reinforcement of the state of democracy in the Palestinian society and this in turn was reflected in the Palestinian political reality. However, the changes in the aftermath of these elections had had a great impact on the role played by the state's institutions in effecting this change particularly after Hamas moved from opposition and resistance to authority take over, and Fatah movement's change of position from authority to partial opposition. Fatah, after the elections, continued to control the institutions and presidency but lost its parliamentary strength. Moreover, the political developments, in the wake of these elections, showed that the world had an ''appointment'' with change in the structure of the Palestinian authority. This change was met with international rejection of the results of ballots after Hamas had achieved a big victory. This clearly showed that the world was waiting for a type of democracy that would suit it. However, the results ''blew'' against the world's wishes. In spite of this negative reaction of the international community, the elections turned things upside down. They produced a new Palestinian democratic path after the people participated strongly in these elections which in turn made them capable of effecting the required change. The democratic transformation and the results of the second Palestinian legislative elections were the basic pillar on which this was based. The hypothesis of this study was that the elections and their results had played an outstanding role in effecting Palestinian democracy. After testing this hypothesis, it was found that the elections and their results have created a new reality after the participation of several major factions and forces. They all competed over the legislative council seats, thus reflecting a big democratic change in the Palestinian political system. The results of these elections have put an end to the hegemony of one faction in the Palestinian arena. These also reinforced the state of partnership between the different factions and force. The elections, it should be maintained, were held on the principle of competition between the parties and forces to change the political reality. This study ended with investigation into the required role, expected from the political forces in Palestinian arena, to create an equation or strike a balance between the political desires of the parties and forces and the desires of individuals who expressed their commitment to the democratic option.
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    Palestinian Diplomacy in The Palestinian Israeli Negotiations and its Impact on Achieving The Palestinian State
    (2011) Issam Nezam Falah Iyrot; Dr. Raid Nairat
    In 1988, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) adopted negotiations as a strategic option that aimed to put an end to the Israeli occupation and achieve an independent Palestinian state that enjoys supremacy. Consequently, negotiations commenced between the Palestinian and Israeli parties that lasted more than 18 years. Unfortunately, the negotiation process has not achieved the required objective through the diplomacy practiced by the Palestinian party that considered negotiations as its fundamental axel. Hence, the main problem arises. Has this diplomacy been complementary to the Palestinian struggle process? Have its instruments and strategies been disciplined by the Palestinian national reference? Has it succeeded in achieving its objectives? If it has failed, is this failure attributed to the adopted mechanisms or the nature of the conflict? Is it still able to achieve its expected objectives? In order to reach decisive answers and understand the facts, the researcher of this study used several methodologies including the conflict-solving, analytical, historical, comparative and contrastive methodologies. The researcher started from the hypothesis that presumed that "the Palestinian diplomacy with its present characteristics and bases is unable to end the occupation and achieve the independent Palestinian state within the minimum level of Palestinian ambitions through the negotiations that have been going on since 1991". the study discussed the theoretical frame in which the researcher demonstrated the diplomacy concept and its various applications, in addition to the negotiation theory and the universal negotiation culture, strategies and methodologies, based on the conflict theories to analyze and understand the conflict, demonstrating its nature and types, depending on universal scenarios for its cases, assisted by cases that represent cases similar to the Arab-Israeli conflict. also the researcher attempted to analyze the Palestinian -Israeli negotiations, by using the Zatman-Erman analytical pattern in which they discussed the environment and main determiners that determined making the decision to start negotiations; then reaching the joint formulation concluded by the two parties represented by the Oslo Agreement in 1993. Following this, the dimensions of three vital issues were discussed: the refugees, settlements, and economy. And the study discussed the Palestinian negotiation strategy including its nature, instruments, objectives, hurdles, and strategic foundations. This is done in order to uncover setbacks, if any, and their potential causes and effects for the both the opponent and the middlemen. Has the Palestinian case departed from or approached the universal case? Why? This is done in order to reveal capability of the Palestinian diplomacy adopted in the negotiations to put an end to the occupation and achieve the independent Palestinian state. This study reached several findings and provided some recommendations, including: The Palestinian- Israeli conflict is characterized with an existential nature that cannot be solved categorically, but it can be administered to maximize gains and minimize losses. Furthermore, it is characterized with sustainable renewed structure that changes constantly because it is governed by interests, demographic, political and cultural fluctuations, in an addition to regional and international changes that are controlled by global forces. Recommendations: It is essential to make use of the regional changes on the Arab level and suspend the negotiations within a new Palestinian strategy that leads to cause a crisis that holds Israel responsible and makes the USA and the international community intervene effectively.