Economic Policy Management

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ANALYSIS OF THE PALESTINIAN MATHEMATICS BOOK FOR THE EIGHTH GRADE WITHIN THE COMMON CORE STATE STANDARDS FOR MATHEMATICS (CCSSM)
(An-Najah National University, 2022-03-10) AL-qasim, Enas
The current study aimed to determine on the availability of content standards determined by the Common Core American State for Mathematics (CCSSM) in the five following content areas: numbers, algebra, functions, geometry and measurement, statistics and probability, in the content of the mathematics curriculum for the eighth grade. The researcher utilized the descriptive analytical approach. To achieve that, the researcher translated the Common Core American Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) for the eighth grade, and then prepared a list of those standards that were exploited in preparing a content analysis card which formed the study tool. The tool was used as a reference in elaborating on the content of the Math curriculum which is the Palestinian eighth grade primary applied in the year 2021-2022 AD, with two books. After ensuring the validity and stability of the tool, as well as conducting the convenient statistical treatments, the results of the study showed the availability of the content standards set by the Common Core American State for Mathematics (CCSSM) in the three content areas, namely: Numbers Algebra, geometry and measurement, where the field of algebra ranked first with a percentage of (62.2%), and the field of numbers ranked second with a percentage of 19%. The field of engineering and measurement ranked third with a rate of (18.8%), while the content standards set by the Common Core American State for Mathematics (CCSSM) were not available in the areas of: functions, statistics and probability. According to the aforementioned results, the study recommended the need to concentrate on the indicators of unfulfilled standards in the developed mathematics textbook for the eighth grade, which were identified by (CCSSM). Moreover, it suggested to reconsider the weaknesses in the mathematics textbook for the eighth grade and to work to address them. There is a necessity to focus on strengths, to enrich the new edition of the mathematics book for the eighth grade, and to monitor paragraphs belonging to the areas (functions, statistics and probability) recognized by (CCSSM).
Building the Innovation Strategy of the Palestinian Industrial Sector based on a Triple Helix Model (Industry, University and Government)
(An-Najah National University, 2017-12-19) حج حمد, هنا; مرار, رابح
The triple helix model is a model that clarifies university, industry and government collaboration relationships. The contribution of the industrial sector to the gross domestic production (GDP) is only13.4% (BCBS, 2015), which attributed to the lack of research and development (R&D) and the lack of technological innovations. This has lead the Palestinian industrial firms to find innovative solutions to bridge the knowledge gap for better product development. Moreover, the industrial firms, with their own capabilities, are not able to fulfill their needs for knowledge and technology. Therefore, the triple helix model is considered one of the most important solutions where universities- as a centre of excellence and knowledge- can provide the industrial firms with the required knowledge, technological competences and R&D. This will be supported and facilitated by the institutional competencies of governmental bodies including laws, regulations, technological infrastructure, financial and non-financial subsidies, and environmental investment. The triple helix model will provide a conceptual framework for exploring innovation dynamics and for forming national innovation and development policy-making for the industrial sector. This study works out the degree of interaction between the triple helix elements (industry, university and public sector) and their impact on the performance of the Palestinian industrial firms, and their ability to develop new innovation. In this regard, a collection of primary data was collected from a sample for 340 industrial firms in the West Bank. Then, a set of quantitative measures and econometric models were applied to answer the research questions in light of the data collected. Data analysis was based on a number of methods including the Ordinary Least Square regression (OLS), Robust Least Square, Generalized Linear Model (GLM), and Logit Model. The descriptive statistics show that 17.94% of the industrial firms collaborate with Palestinian universities in order to develop new innovations. 25.29% of the industrial firms collaborate with the Palestinian government in order to acquire knowledge necessary for the development of the innovation process. In addition, 4.71% of the industrial firms collaborate with non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The analysis of the relationship of collaboration between the triple helix members and product innovation found that the existence of an organizational body as the Higher Council for Innovation and Excellence, (HCIE) regulates the cooperation relationships between triple helix model actors. This is necessary for the triple helix model to succeed as a non-conventional solution for the lack of knowledge and technologies that might be important for industrial firms to grow and compete in an open international economy.
Competitiveness in the Palestinian Food Industries Horizons and Development
(2005) Luai Sadeq Al-Haj Mustafa; Dr. Suleiman M. Abbadi
Competitiveness has been considered as one of the important topics which have been significantly targeted by economists, politicians, businessmen, and many researchers in several fields such as economics, management, statistics, law, politics, industry, and engineering. In the first chapter of this dissertation, we discussed many of the theoretical frames which have given arise to relative theories, proposals, and concepts. Consequently, seeking competitive potential and process according to Porter’s suggestions is a major factor that revealed ambiguity and interpreted the reasons beyond some firm’s success and other firm’s failure. In spite of some criticisms that have been directed to Porter’s suggestions, they still represent a reference that could be honestly relied upon. We browsed the Palestinian economy and its structure in general, the private sector and the industry sector specifically, and food industry in details. We concluded that the Palestinian economy, though it has been partially released from Israeli constraints, is still imprisoned by the Israeli economy. In addition, this economy is constantly susceptible even to the minimum political changes, hence this defectiveness in the economy structure and the impact of this defectiveness on performance. Concerning the food industry, we deliberated the growth phases of this industry. In this we found the strong fetters of Israeli occupation that negatively influence this industry as much as the Palestinian National Authority positively influence it. The research indicated that this industry is one of the most fast sectors in growing, notably in the last decade of the last century. We observed the notable growth of plants and the number of employees, and the growth in the market share in the local market. The impact of this industry over the Palestinian consumer purchasing basket has been targeted by the research paper. The relative large size of investment in this sector and the satisfying number of employed labors have also been depicted. It is worth mentioning that we discussed the characteristics of this industry by which we found that the most of these plants are individually owned and the nature of ownership is inherited. With regard to employment size in these plants, it is under requirement level which indicates the small size of these factories. An obvious characteristic of this industry is its dependency on the foreign and the Israeli raw materials, and the shortage in engineers, professionals, specialized labs, and the up-to-date managerial and industrial mechanisms. In addition to competitive potential and process approach, we built a statistical model that is considered as an estimation of two regression equations; the first studies the producers, and the second studies the consumers. Through experimenting of some variables that are expected to have a direct influence on increasing competitiveness of Palestinian food industries, we found that lots of variables we suggested are really relative. Finally we drew some conclusions in this research and listed down our recommendations for the people in charge to do their best in solving the plethora of problems that we came up with through our results in this research.
COMPLIANCE WITH COVID-19 PROTECTIVE MEASURES AMONG HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN MATERNITY WARDS AND REVIEWING THE RELATED HOSPITAL POLICIES AND GUIDELINES IN WEST BANK GOVERNMENTAL HOSPITALS, 2021
(جامعة النجاح الوطنية, 2022-04-10) Bsharat, Duaa
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as most arguable worldwide danger facing global health at present time .Healthcare workers (HCWs) particularly nurses, midwives, and doctors are at higher risk of infection from occupational exposure in different healthcare settings . Following standard precautions(SPs) in all situations would be one of the most effective ways to reduce cross-transmission, regardless of whether the patients are suspected or confirmed to be infected Objectives: The study aimed at evaluating the compliance with COVID-19 Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures and identifying associated factors among health providers in maternity wards in west bank hospitals Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in maternity departments at 12 west bank governmental hospitals. Data were collected from 267 participants using a convenient sampling method. Using a pre-validated questionnaire developed from combining the contents of 3 different literature questionnaire .The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22was used to analyze data and the study hypotheses were examined at the level of statistical significance (a ≤0.05) Results: The results showed that the majority (85.1%)of the participants had a high level of compliance regarding IPC (infection prevention and Control ) measures for COVID-19.The results found no significant differences in IPC measures between compliance ,sociodemographic factors ,individual factors and institusional factors . Conclusions: Despite that the majority of the participants had high level of compliance of IPC measures for COVID-19.Good compliance came from avaliabilty of suffiecient supplies for hand washing and availability of Personal Protective equipments ( PPEs ). However , Complete non-compliance among healthcare providers was due to IPC guidlines and protocols for COVID-19 in the maternity wards were not clear,not always known by them ,and there were no always monitoring and evaluation of it. More observational studies are recommended to evaluate the adherance of IPC measures for COVID-19 and holding regular training courses about current and any up dated information of IPC measures for COVID-19 to inform the health care providers of all that is new and assure compliance through rigorse monitoring
CONTENT ANALYSIS OF 10TH GRADE MATH CURRICULUM ACCORDING TO THE 17TH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
(جامعة النجاح الوطنية, 2022-01-16) Saleh, Aya
This study aims at investigating the availability of the goals of the sustainable development -which comprise 17 goals- in the mathematics in the Palestinian curriculum. This is done through analyzing the content of the Palestinian mathematics curriculum including: goals, content, activities, teaching methods and assessment. This study is an attempt to answer the following questions: 1. To what extent does the 10th grade Palestinian mathematics curriculum cope with the 17 sustainable development goals. From this main question, there is the following sub-question: 2. How do the composers of the Palestinian mathematics curriculum cope with the 17 goals of sustainable development? In order to achieve the goals of this study, the researcher followed the descriptive analytical methods specifically content analysis by using quantitative and qualitative tools. In other words, the researcher has used content analysis card tool for mathematics curriculum as well as well as interviews with five of the authors of the curriculum. The researcher has found that there are variations in abiding with the goals of sustainable development in the mathematics Palestinian curriculum of the 10th grade. It results has been as the following: It is found that the percentage of the presence of the goals of the sustainable development ranges from (0.08%) to (14.63%). Furthermore, the highest percentage is given to the 4th goal which is guaranteeing a good, fair and comprehensive education for all and granting education opportunities all lifelong for all. Also, it has turned out that the 14th goal which is preserving oceans, seas and sea resources using them sustainably” is not considered. Besides, the 15th goal stating the protection the ecological system and restoring it to be used sustainably. Also, it stated woods management sustainably in order to resist deforestation and stop the loss of the biological diversity is not considered either. In other words, both goals have got (0%). Concerning the content of the 10th grade curriculum, the researcher has found out that the goals of the sustainable development are available in the activities and teaching methods (10.62%) and lesser in the rest of the goals (1.73%) that the percentage of the content is (3.18) and evaluation is (6.3%) of the content and evaluation in order . Also, the socio-economic dimension of the goals of sustainable development has been considered more than the environmental ones. . In light of these important results, it is concluded that the authors of the curriculum are unfamiliar with the goals of the sustainable development which explain the results of the content. In light of this study, the researcher recommends giving the priority to the goals of sustainable development whenever a curriculum is developed. This is done by being guided by the model presented by the researcher based on the goals of sustainable development. Also, it is recommended to hold course for teachers to introduce the goals of sustainable development to them and the ways of merging them in the educational curricula.
The Credit Policy in the Palestinian Banks
(2004) Amjad Azat Abed-Almazoz Issa; Dr. Nur Abu - Rub
The aim of this study is to know the banks in Palestine are aware of the standards of the credit which known all over the world, and the effects of these standards on the credit policy in the Palestinian banks. It is found that these standards have deferent effects in these banks. So, that reaches (75.27%). But the level take interest in this standard to reach (87.77%). Also, the reputation of the agent and his morals are very important as credit standards. All over the world. So, the collateral this standard becomes very high in the Palestinian banks to reach (83.07%). But the power of the agent doesn't have high consideration from the banks in Palestine. So, this standard has a middle level to be (76.39%). The banks in Palestine take interest in the economic conditions with high level to be (75.02%). Other factors were added to the these standards that affect the accepting or refusing the credit form. For example demand of sector (type of sector)the agent's work has a very important role in affecting the credit policy in the Palestinian banks. This factor has a high level to be (72.02%). But having cash in the bank and its effect in accepting or refusing the credit forms has a high level to reach (71.70%). It is noticed above that the ability of income has the highest consideration among the other standards motioned. The banks in Palestine consider that this standard has high importance so, it is important to study the ability of income of the agent before accepting the credit form and his ability to pay bank. The loan in the fixed time. The reputation of the agent and his morals is the second factor in accepting or refusing the credit forms in the Palestinian banks. So, it doesn't help if the agent doesn't intend to pay bank the loan in spite of the other standards. Finally, accordions to this analyzing above, the theories in the study are rejected because they show the effect of all the factors in the credit policy but not equally, and this result comes after collecting the information from the banks in the west bank.
CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND ITS RELATION TO THE SCHOOL ENVIROMENT FROM THE EMERGENCY COMMITTEE POINT OF VIEW IN THE NORTHERN GOVERNORATES
(جامعة النجاح الوطنية, 2022-03-23) Khaleel, Hala
Background: Educational managements take care of all educational institutions' components to serve the educational process since it is the most important in the educational institutions, and because it's one of the educational managements it aims to overcome the difficulties in schools by crises management and predicting it before happening, and trying to find a suitable school climate for all educational institutions' components in order to achieve the goals perfectly. Exceptional circumstances usually provokes decisions makers to make procedures and measures to reduce the effects of crises. Recently, COVID 19 pandemic has invaded the world and the countries had to impose the emergency status that affected all life aspects. The aim: This study aimed to recognize the crises management and its relationship to the school climate from the point of view of the emergency committee in the northern governates, clarifying the means and methods that must be followed to reduce the effects of crises and making sure that they won't affect the school climate and getting to the right solutions to overcome the urgent crises especially COVID 19. Method: The researcher used the descriptive correlative method in quality and quantity, the study sample consisted of 197 educational experts from the emergency committee who were selected using the available sample .the researcher has developed a questionnaire that consisted of 49 paragraphs and the validity and reliability have been checked Results: The researcher has reached the following results: • There's a strong and positive relationship between crises management and the school climate from the point of view of the emergency committee in the northern governates. • There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (a=0.05) between the averages of responses of the study sample towards the level of crises management in the northern governates due to the variables (gender, school type) While it was found that there were differences due to the variables (school level, school location, professional occupation). • There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (a=0.05) between the averages of sample responses towards school climate in the northern governates due to the variables (gender, school type) while there were differences due to the variables (school level, professional occupation, school location) Conclusion: This study resulted the following points: • To provide the managers with training courses that enable them to deal with crises when occuring. • To increase the amount of the exchanging visits between the managers in order to exchange experiences used in every school to get benefited and use it in other schools.
An Econometric Analysis of Production Function: The Case Study of Palestinian Industry
(2004) Nasr Abdallah Qasim Abd- Alhkaleq; Dr. Basim Makhool
The main objective of this study was to estimate the production function of the Palestinian industry. The empirical results have been utilized to estimate production elastic ties, and elasticity of substitution. In addition, the study sought to calculate marginal productivity and the production technology and find out, whether the Palestinian industry was labor intensive or capital intensive. To these ends, the research used two methods for data analysis: descriptive and qualitative. The descriptive analysis was based on calculation of economic indicators United Nations Industrial Development Organization in 2000. The qualitative analysis estimated production function by using the analysis of regression crosssuction data, collected published by Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) have been collected. The empirical results showed that the technology applied by Palestinian industry was labor intensive. The share of labor cost of total production accounted for 72%, while the cost of capital amounts to 28% of total output. Furthermore, production elasticity, with the respect to labor, was found to be highly greater than production elasticity with respect to capital. However, the marginal productivity of labor and capital was found to be 7.2 and 0.4 respectively. This implies that employing additional labor (head) will increase output by $7,200. On the other hand, output will increase only by $400 if capital increases by $1,000. This result suggests that cost of capital in Palestinian industry was very high. The performance of large firms was found to be similar to the total firms. The marginal productivity, with respect to labor for large and total firms, was about $7,290 and $7,200 respectively. Also, marginal productivity of capital, for large and total firms was $500 and $400 respectively. The marginal substitution average in the Palestinian industry was about 17.96. this mean that increasing labor elements (factor) by one unit will require a sacrifice of some 17.96 units of capital. Pertaining to large firms, they were found to be generally labor intensive. The contribution of labor element to production in their firms was 71%, whereas the share of capital was 29%. The marginal product of the labor element in large firm was about 7.29 while that of capital was 0.50, thus reflecting low efficiency of capital employed in large firms in the Palestinian Territories, on the other hand, and the important role played by labor element in production and manufacturing process, on the other hand, the average of marginal substitution of labor element was 14.5. Based on the empirical results the following recommendations have been drawn: 1- Job creation in the Palestinian Territories could be achieved through establishing labor- intensive firms. 2- Labor productivity should be upgraded and rehabilitated to operate with capital efficiently. 3- Research and development should be enhanced to improve the performance of the Palestinian industrial sector. 4- The performance of the infrastructure should be developed and maintained. 5- Other measures should be applied to create appropriate environment required to activate the role of the industrial sector in the Palestinian economy.estine
The Economic Effects of Imposing the Minimum Wages for the Employees in the Palestinian Economy
(2003) Ibrahim Mohamed Abu-Hantash; Prof. Abed Al Fattah Abu-Shokur
The study dealt with the theoretical framework for minimum wages study. A clarification for the concept of minimum wages, and the main goals for its imposements were introduced. It discussed the economic impacts resulted from imposing the minimum wages in three cases: -in its simplest form. -in the existence of two sectors (covered and uncovered). -in the different market forms. It broached some, studies that dealt with minimum wages that raised controversy between supporters and opposers of such issue, each trying to prove their argument. The study explored the wages situation in Palestine, and it was approved that there is a variation in lahor wages obtained among the different Palestinian territories on one side, and the different economic sectors on the other. The study tied the two concepts of the existing wage rates and the minimum wages.it reached a number of criteria to minimum wages specification such as: unemployment rate in the Palestinian economy, poverty line, currency,the differences ,among the economic sectors in many fields, and the differences among the wage rates in the different areas. It explored the financial loads that might he imposed on the economic sectors resulting from minimum wages implement. lt was clear that there are differences in such financial loads among the different sectors. lt revealed the financial changes that may occur on the established profit levels due to minimum wages implement. The study also dealt with the economic impacts resulted from imposing the minimum wages in Palestine. it pointed out that although the beneficiaries from applying minimum wages will reap its advantages as a result of the increase in the purchasing power, which accordingly will boost the Palestinian economy, there are several risks resulted from imposing the minimum wages such as: decreasing the employment level and the increasing official products and services prices. Finally, the study reached several results such as: the existing of different impacts of imposing the minimum wages among different sectors, it was clear that services sector was the most at affected. The study introduced several recommendations that might contribute towards benefiting from minimum wages imposing, the most important one was regarding the speeding of forming the wage committee and applying, gradually, thr minimum wages in the different economic sectors and areas.
The Effect of Public Health Expenditure in Reducing the Risk in the Public Health Care System in Palestine
(2019-01-21) Fidaa, Mohammad Helal Odeh
National health is very important for the welfare of any country. Any negligence to this sector will increase national risk and cause the health problems to multiply. Public health expenditure is extremely important for the survival of any society. This study aim to understand the size of the total government expenditure on health sector in Palestine, which is a key element of the national health security and also aim at identifying the linkages between the economics and social factors that may influence the size health expenditure. It has been demonstrated that factors such as per capita income which is a measures of economic development; and other health outcomes variables such as life expectancy at birth, total fertility rate, and crude birth rate might influence health expenditure. The findings of this study will help policy makers build national health policies aim at protecting and preserving the health sector from any unexpected risk such as deterioration of health services and spread of diseases.
The Effect of the Feminization of the Teaching Staff and their Competencies in Science Achievement for Fourth Primary Class Students in Palestine
(An-Najah National University, 2021-09-08) Odeh, Abdallah
This study aimed to reveal the effect of the femimization of the teaching staff and their competencies in the science achievement of the fourth-grade students in Palestine. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher followed the mixed approach, which combines the quantitative and qualitative approaches, using the questionnaire and the interview. The sample of fourth garde teachers and their female teachers from public schools in the governorate south of Nablus was selected using a stratified random sample. They were 100 male and female teachers, and subject of the study, and the researcher interviewed ten teachers of the fourth grade and their female teachers in public schools in the governorate south of Nablus. The validity of the study tools was confirmed by presenting them to arbirators with expertise and competence. The results of the study tools was concluded that the impact of the feminization of the teaching staff and their competencies in the achievement of science among the fourth grade students in Palestine came with an arithmetic mean (3.86) and a standard deviation (0.51). On the total score of the domains, and this indicactes a significant degree of agreement and the absence of statistically significant differences at the significance level (α = 0.05) Between the average responses of the study sample members towards the effect of the feminization of the teaching staff on the achievement of sicence in the light of the teaching competencies of the fourth-grade students in palestine due to the gender variable. The results also indictated that here ware no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) Between the average responses of thesicence of the fourth grade and its female terchers to the paragraphs of the questionnaire according to the scientific qualification for all fields of the questionnaire and the total score There are no statistically significant differences at thesignificance level (α = 0.05)Between the average responses of sicence teachers for the fourth grade and its parameters on the questionnaire items according to the variable years of experience for all fields of the questionnaire and the total score. It also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α = 0.05) Between the average responses of the study sample members according to the school type variable for the total degree, planning competencies, implementation competencies, and evaluation competencies. While there are statistically significant differences at the significance level (α = 0.05) Between the average responses of the study sample members according to the school type variable for the field of female faculty. In light of the results of the study, the researcher recommended the necessity of conducting scientific experiments on the fourth primary garde to demonstrate the effectiveness of the feminine system in the fourth primary garde of the Ministry of Education in Palestine, and the application of the feminine system in the all basic government schools because of its positive effects in the filed of education in order to achieve its goals and objectives, the necessity of conducting more studies that revolve around the feminization of teaching staff and the need to pay attention to the professional competencies of male and female teachers by giving them training courses related to their professional development.
The Effects of Age Structure on Economic Development West Bank and Gaza Strip(Comparative Study)
(جامعة النجاح الوطنية, 2021-01-02) فرج, هبة
هدفت هذه الدراسة الى الكشف عن أثر التغيرات في التركيبة العمرية للسكان في فلسطين من جانب والضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة من جانب أخر على النمو الاقتصادي، وقسمت الدراسة متغيرات السكان الى ثلاث فئات عمري على النحو التالي الفئة العمرية الاولى من عمر 0-14 والفئة العمرية الثانية 15-65 والفئة العمرية 65+، وقد اعتمد الباحث في تحليله على بيانات ثانوية تم نشرها من قبل الجهاز المركزي للاحصاء الفلسطيني من عام 1997 وحتى عام 2017 وقد تم استخدام برنامج EViews من أجل تحقيق متطلبات وفحص فرضيات الدراسة وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على نموذج Fixed Effect للتعامل مع بيانات Panel Data ، وقد توصلت الدراسة على مستوى فلسطين أن الزيادة السكانية في الفئة العمرية بنسبة 1% ستؤدي الى زيادة بنسبة 1.72% على الناتج المحلي الاجمالي، أما على مستوى الضفة الغربية فإن الزيادة بنسبة 1% على عدد السكان سيؤدي الى زيادة بنسبة 2.43% على الناتج المحلي والزيادة في عدد سكان الفئة العمرية الثالثة سيؤدي الى زيادة بنسبة .5% من الناتج المحلي الاجمالي، بالنسبة لقطاع غزة فإن الزيادة في عدد سكان الفئة العمرية الثانية 1% سيؤدي الى زيادة بنسبة 1.19% في الناتج المحلي الاجمالي، و أوصت الدراسة بضرورة العمل على توفير فرص عمل وتحفيز الاستثمارات خصوصاً للفئة العمرية الثانية التي تعد الاعلى انتاجاً وتؤثر بشكل مباشر على الاقتصاد الفلسطيني.
Evaluating Political Planning and Development Program at An-Najah National University from the Standpoint of Graduates
(2015) Anas Abd Al-Salam Ahmad Sehwail; Prof. Abdul Sattar Qasem
This study aimed at evaluating the Masters program “Planning and Political Development” (hereinafter referred to as PPD) at An-Najah National University (hereinafter referred to as ANNU) from the point of view of the graduates. This is significant since it was the first to evaluate the aforementioned program in the aforementioned university by one of the students of the program. Thus, it highlighted the following question: What are the main columns of the successes and failures of the program in the area of reinforcing planning and political development in Palestine in the point of view of the graduates? The main assumption of the study was that the process of assessing the program of PPD can contribute to the development of the program and flooding the Palestinian community with efficient and highly qualified graduates. Such qualifications contribute to the enhancement of planning and political development since the research wasn’t based on the main assumption(s) on any previous evaluations of the regular meetings of the staff of professors and the academic evaluation which every student does every semester and every course. Furthermore, the main assumption was based on not having statistical variations at the level of the evaluation of students of the program and the content of the tool of the study according to its variations. The researcher employed the main methodology to complete the thesis, which is the descriptive- analytical methodology depending on a questionnaire. It consisted of 68 questions in order to collect data, and they were classified into four dimensions namely: students, courses, staff of professors and the community. In addition, the corpus of the study comprised 150 graduate students from the previously mentioned program; the sample was chosen by using the random applicable method based on the variable of the year of graduation. In other words, the random sample comprised 70 students that 63 were taken as the final population of the study (about 42% of the population). The results show that evaluating the program of PPD at ANNU from the point of view of its graduates is medium with a percentage of about (71.75%) and the average of all the dimensions is (2.87%). In light of this result, the recommendations of the researcher can be summarized in the following: 1. It is necessary to enhance the cooperation between students and the staff of professors to work together in supporting the results of the programs and build upon them. 2. It is necessary to go over the program and evaluate it in a way that guarantees the evaluation of the courses to cope with the changes, the issues and developments in the local, regional and international arena.
THE EXPERT'S ROLE IN ESTIMATING COMPENSATION FOR MORAL DAMAGE (COMPARATIVE STUDY)
(An-Najah National University, 2022-01-24) Mansour, Aman
This study seeks to find innovative criteria and methods that constitute an attempt to frame the expert's role in estimating compensation for moral damage, where he assumes this task from the moment of his assignment by competent by the competent court through determining the method of compensation that is most appropriate with the legal principles to be followed, in order to implement his experience in deriving assessment criteria by extrapolating the factors affecting it, and ending with estimating the amounts due as compensation for moral damage. So, this study presents an attempt to understand and analyze the approach followed in the estimation, leading to a preliminary proposal for change, in light of the continued state of legislative, judicial, and technical ambiguity of the bases on which an estimate the “material consideration” or compensation for moral damage, and that this the study came as an attempt to shed light on expert's role as an important tool od judiciary to reach the goal of achieving justice among the affected, especially, since leaving this task mostly to the judiciary keeping him away from achieving this goal as long as he has almost absolute authority to assess this type of compensation without restrictions. This study was able to analyze a group of factors affecting the estimation of compensation for moral damage, presented suggested methods for estimating this type of compensation and revealed some of the criteria used in estimating compensation for moral damage whether they are criteria related to mathematical, technical and hypothetical foundations. Moreover, this study sheds light on the authority of the judiciary in approving the experience report by studying the authoritative report of the expert estimating moral damages and controlling the criteria he followed to implement his experience, and that all of the above was the result of reading and analyzing a number of judicial decisions, reports of technical expertise, jurisprudence studies and models of legislative solutions in the legal systems in
FAMILY CLIMATE ASSESSMENT AND PARENTING STYLES BASED ON ANNE ROE'S MODEL, AND THEIR RELATIONS TO THE VOCATIONAL PREFERENCES AMONG THE GOVERNMENTAL UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOLS' STUDENTS IN JERUSALEM
(جامعة النجاح الوطنية, 2022-04-04) Wari, Rami
This study aimed to revealing the reality of assessing the family climate, identifying the most common methods of parental treatment, and revealing the reality of professional tendencies among public school students of the higher primary stage in East Jerusalem, as well as examining the relationship between the assessment of the family climate and the professional preferences of these students. It is also examining the relationship between parental treatment methods and professional tendencies among public school students for the higher primary stage in East Jerusalem, examining the relationship between the family climate and parenting treatment methods among public school students for the higher primary stage in East Jerusalem, examining the effects of gender variables, academic achievement, and grade The academic level, the father’s education level, the mother’s education level, the family’s economic level of public school students for the higher elementary stage in East Jerusalem, the family climate variables, the parental treatment methods, and the professional tendencies. To achieve this goal, the study relied on the correlational approach to examine past relationships. Four of the scales were also applied, which are a questionnaire on the role of the family in occupational choices, the scale of occupational tendencies according to Anne Roe's theory, the scale of parental treatment methods according to Anne Roe's theory, and the family drawing test. With the study sample, classes consisted of (100) male and female students. The results indicated that the more parents followed the method of parental treatment based on cold acceptance (occasional love), the children showed positive emotional aspects in a kinetic technique test, and the more the parents followed the style of parenting treatment based on warm emotional centering (excessive demands), the children showed positive emotional aspects and effective communication In the Kinetic Technique test, the more the parents follow the parental approach based on cold emotional centering (over protection), the more positive emotional aspects of the children will appear in the Kinetic Technique test.The results showed that there was no statistical significance between the estimation of the family climate and the professional tendencies of the students of the higher basic stage, and the absence of a statistically significant relationship between the methods of parental treatment and the professional tendencies of public school students, and the results showed that there is no statistically significant relationship between the estimation of the family climate and the treatment methods. The results showed that the variables (gender, grade, father’s education level, mother’s education level, academic achievement, economic level of the family) had no effect on the estimation of the family climate. At the end of the study, the researcher recommended several recommendations, the most prominent of which was the need for parents to review and evaluate the method in which they deal with children to provide an appropriate family atmosphere and climate, and to conduct more research and studies similar to this technology, and to include the curricula Anne Roux technology in the school curricula because of its positive impact on Identify professional tendencies and external influences on students.
Foreign Loans And Their Role In Economic Development Of Palestine
(2001) ميساء وليد أحمد عبادي;
This study is an attempt to shed light on Palestinian foreign borrowings and the role of these loans in Palestinian economic development. The study gives first a theoretical background on foreign borrowings and its importance in helping the country to fill the gap between local saving and investments. The experiment of both Jordan and Egypt in foreign borrowing was discussed. It was found that both countries did not benefit from foreign loans .On the contrary these loans are still a burden on both countries despite several rescheduling agreements and forgiveness of certain percentages of their debt. The debt burden of foreign loans was analyzed for each loan, and was found that the debt service is rather low due to the nature of these loans. Most of them are soft loans (long period and low interest rate). In addition, the total amount of outstanding debt is still low estimated at $ 605 million, which represent 12.5% of GDP and 85.4% of total exports of goods and services. The sources of Palestinian foreign borrowings as well as the authorities responsible for signing, receiving and following up of these loans were discussed. It was found that the main sources of borrowings are: the World Bank, which lends 43.3% of the total loans and the European Investment Bank 28% . PECDAR and the Ministry of Finance were the major Palestinian authorities signing and responsible for foreign borrowing accounting for 84% of the total foreign loans. There are some discussion about the distribution of these loans among various sectors in Palestine. It was found that 45.5% of the total loans were used to finance infrastructural projects and in major cities. Productive sectors and rural areas received a rather very small amount of these loans. Finally some recommendations have been of offered to help Palestinian authorities better managing and controlling their foreign debt
The Impact of Banking Financial Services Innovations on the Development of the Financial Sector in Palestine
(An-Najah National University, 2018-05-03) إسماعيل, احمد طالب
This research aims at investigating the impact of financial banking innovation factors on banking development in Palestine. A Regression analysis was used to estimate the impact of specific factors related to the development of the financial sector in Palestine. The research utilized both qualitative and quantitative research methodology. Qualitative data were collected via interviews with banks officials. In addition, the quantitative data were gathered from a purposive sample of seventy (N=70) from five departments in all banks in Palestine via a survey that was developed for this purpose. Results indicate that production innovation has a positive impact on the development banking sector but it has no impact on profitability in short term. The result also indicates that marketing innovation has no impact on the development banking sector and on financial performance for all banks in Palestine. Regarding the process of innovation variable has a positive impact on the development of the banking sector and on the financial performance for all banks in Palestine. The result indicates that administrative procedure innovation has a positive impact on the development and the performance of banking sector in Palestine. Finally, the result indicates that the variable risk management has no impact on development banking sector but it does have a negative impact on the financial performance for banks in Palestine. Based on the research findings, the study recommend that individual banks conduct a separate study to examine the needs of individual customers and to identify appropriate products for each period of time to all customers in order to achieve financial inclusion. It also recommended that banks in Palestine adopt a comprehensive marketing strategy to market their various products based on quality elements, which can promote bank name and enhance trust with customers in order to attract more customers. It is also recommended that banks works to reduce customers' visits to branches by increasing awareness of electronic banking services, smart cards, and transforming the system of operations from decentralization to centralization to reduce the complexity of the implementation of banking movements (transfers, checks, loans) and investment in the latest technologies to modernize their various sections to enhance financial and banking performance and increase competitiveness. It is also recommended that banks simplify operation procedures and updating them in line with the technological development and eliminating procedures that does not add any value to the banking business It is recommended that banks develop their risk departments in banks, especially the risks of operations and training staff to be able to deal with risk management systems and programs, which helps in governance and good governance. Finally, banks needs to work on the adoption of electronic banking strategies, including smart bank and electronic bank. It is only with the development and modernization of the legal environment banks will be able to use the technological development and electronic banking operations to protect them from piracy. This will allow banks to meet other challenges in dealing with the government, that might impact the implementation of banking operations all these will lead to higher performance and improve financial efficiency, which will increases the volume of economic activity.
Impact of Commercial Banks’ Credit Policy on Private Investment in Palestine
(2004) Jaser Mohammed Sai’d Al-Khalil; Prof. Basim Makhool
This thesis aimed at studying the credit policy of the operating commercial banks in Palestinian Territories. Moreover, this study aimed at finding its links and correlation with private investment as well as its impact on investment development and trends. Furthermore, this study aimed at finding out answers for following study’s key issues, in order to improve the hypothesis that the Commercial Banks’ Credit Policy has impact on Private Investment in Palestine: - What the concepts, determinants and aspects of the credit policy and its role to manage the risks and its impact on banking performance? - What are the important determinants of the credit’s supply and demand, whether in general level or on Palestine? - What is the role of the credit policy of the operating commercial banks in Palestine in supporting and directing the private investments? - What are the determinants and the relationships between credit policy and the private investment? And how to measure it? - What are the mathematical and econometric models that are used for studying and analyzing these relationships? What is the possibility of implementing it on Palestinian reality? - To what extend the credit policy is participating in determining the level, concentrations and structure of the private investment? - What are the needed approaches to support the positive aspects and to develop the corrective actions? To achieve the purpose of this study, the researcher used off-site research and analysis mode, which is based on periodic reports issued by Palestine Monetary Authority (PMA), official Statistics of Palestine Central Bureau of Statistics (PCPS), Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute (MAS), UNDP’s publications and Arab Monetary Fund’s reports as well as circulars, regulations and instructions that were issued by PMA or other related parties, which impact the credit facilities’ demand and supply. In addition, to the descriptive analytical approach, the researcher applied other quantitive analytical approaches, such as: means compare model, elasticity analytical model, sample regression model, multi-regression model and Granger-causality model. The SPSS and Shazam software analytical programs were used to apply these models. This study concludes to the necessity of focusing on orienting the efforts to promote and induce the demand on investments. This goal needs real support for investment and infrastructure. It also needs increasing the credit facilities and active credit policy, in a way that allows optimal use and allocation the fund resources to support private investment, as a result of the feedback relationship between these variables. The credit policy role for inducing investment is subject to various factors that command investment environment in Palestine and leads to limiting its developmental role in that respect. However, the credit policy has some negative effect on investment, as this study showed.This has negative impact on the credit policy vital direction and its funding role to motivate investment process. Whereas, banking sector is over liquid, it became as a channel to bleed the national savings. Related parties that are concerns with this issue did not worked enough to find out approaches to lead its activities toward medium and long term funding policy as well as banking sector did not play its economic- social role, as needed, as the economic development, and supporting the local investments are not included on its credit policy priorities, as well.
The impact of social Webs on the Awareness of Najah University students Regarding the Palestinian Issue
(2015) Shadan Yaquob Khaleel Abu Yaqoub; Prof. Abdul Sattar Qasem
This study aimed to indicate the effect that social webs on political awareness of the Palestinian crisis on range of students in An-Najah National University as one of the largest universities in the West Bank, because social webs play an important role in the public and academic life. The researcher supposed that there were no statistically significant differences on level of significance(α=0.05) between average areas of political awareness and social webs related to(gender, place of residence, specialization, political belonging). The researcher used the descriptive, analytical method to analyze the effect of social webs on the political awareness of the Palestinian crises from the point of view of An-Najah University students. And relied on the questionnaire as a study tool. The study sample consisted of 273 students from the university. The result showed that the social webs have contributed in the reinforcement of the political and social awareness and the strengthening of political values and political participation and made people aware of what is happening around them, both at the external level and the internal level, related to the Palestinian issue, through creating thousands of pages and launching campaigns and events that dealt with and handled the Palestinian issue. The most important are the matter of the refugees, Jerusalem, settlements and disunity. However, despite the importance of social webs media, there are many challenges facing Palestinian youth against the large flow and widespread of information through these social webs, that make it difficult to filter this information and determine the reliability and validity, as these sites might become a hotbed for rumor and uncertain truth. As a result, they might spread delusions, and someone may use it to promote specific polices that serve certain ideologies away from transparency, objectivity and credibility. Accordingly, the researcher concluded a series of recommendations including: • Working on exposing Israeli practices against the Palestinian people, and spreading cultural values that serve the national project, as well as the highlighting of the Palestinian identity through social webs. • Punishing the owners of accounts that promote destructive thoughts and spread rumors that create disorder, whether these accounts belonged to individuals or institutions. • Investing the social webs to spread the national culture, and promote the spirit of belonging among individuals away from sectarianism.
The Impact of Social – Political Context Within the OPT in 1967 on Constructing A Palestinian Model of Transitional Justice
(2016) Nour Nihad Muhammed Mujahed; Dr. Raed Neirat
This study wich consists of four chapters addresses the Socio-political contexts in the Occupied Palestinian Territories and it is impact on building Palestinian model for Transitional Justice supportive of national liberation and democratic construction, and addresses the requirements needed for building this model, limits of liability and the roles of the application. The problem of the study lies in the absence of a Palestinian perspective of social and political contexts influence, which including supporting the national projectis supposed to work on investment, and threats represent a challenge to achieve freedom and independence require confrontation to reduce the negative effects For this purpose, the study puts down a number of questions regarding the supportive and disruptive Palestinians socio-political contexts in building a Palestinian model for transitional justice. In addition to this, the study lies questions about the Palestinian political context effectiveness in the field of building the Palestinian model for transitional justice, the values to be converted and the other to be installed before starting the Palestinians model in transitional justice, the institutional and national responsibility limits in the application of this model and the role of civil society institutions in the application of this model. The study hypothesizes that the Palestinian socio-political contexts incubator to build a supportive transitional justice model to achieve Palestinian unity, strength of the democratic structure and national liberation, while the Palestinian political context hinders the construction of this model. The study adopted the descriptive analytical method to answer the questions and examine the hypothesis, where it was used the following tools: Questionnaire, interviews. The importance of the study lies in light of the continued status of the Palestinian fragmentation, the growing challenges that beset the national project as a whole, and it is impact on achieving Palestinian national goals, the march of the democratic structure, and the need to won a Palestinian model in the transitional justice texture of national unity and supportive of national liberation and democratic construction. The study has come up with a number of results most notably the lack of Palestinians effectiveness of social- political contexts and the ineffectiveness of the Palestinians political contexts in the field of building a Palestinian model in transitional justice texture national unity. Palestinian model in transitional justice has been developed according to the results of the study. Main recommendation have been suggested according to the study results: 1. Pressure campaigns carried out by the parties and civil society organizations for the implementation of the reconciliation agreements and achieve national unity as a requirement for the application of the proposed model.

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