Animal Production
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Browsing Animal Production by Author "Dr. Maen Samara"
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- ItemThe Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles and Multienzyme Preparation (Avizyme) on Layer Performance and Egg Quality(2013) Reem Fathi Tawfiq Mustafa; Dr. Maen SamaraAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of distiller dried grain with solubles (DDGS) in commercial layer diets with Avizyme 1505. Three hundred 68 weeks-old Hy-line second cycle layers were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design in 2x4 factorial arrangement, with the variables being (DDGS) substitution for corn and soybean meal at two levels (0 or 15%) and Avizyme 1505 at four levels (0, 100, 150, and 200 gm/ton). Layer performance and egg quality were evaluated. Results showed that DDGS, Avizyme, or their interaction did not significantly affect body weight, egg production, egg weight, and egg mass. The results of this experiment suggest that DDGS level and enzyme supplementation did not significantly influence the body weight, egg production and egg characteristics parameters of second cycle laying hens.Another experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of commercial layer diets supplemented with varying levels Avizyme 1505 (0,100, 200, 500, 1000 gm/ton). One hundred and fifty 73 weeks-old Hy-line second cycle layers were distributed in a completely randomized design. Layer performance and egg quality were evaluated. The results of the present study indicated that Avizyme at the commercially recommended level or even higher levels did not significantly affect any of the performance parameters.
- ItemThe Effect of Force Molting Method on Post Molt Performance of Laying Hens(2011) Hakam Ahmad M. Al-Bast; Dr. Maen SamaraThis experiment was conducted at An- najah farm in Tulkarm to investigate the effect of force molting methods on post molt performance of laying hens, this investigation involved feeding rumen content (RC) and rumen content mixed with alfalfa,(RCAA), (50 :50 ) to determine their ability to induce molt. To achieve this ,85 Hi – line egg laying hens , 60 wk of age were exposed to one of the following molt treatments: treatment 1, full feed ( FF) non –molted control ; treatment 2, feed withdrawal ( FW) conventional molt ; treatment 3, rumen content ( RC) molt ; treatment 4, rumen content and alfalfa (50 : 50) molt, each treatment was divided into tow replicates and each replicate contains 11hens that was housed individually A CRD design was implemented in the experiment , the result of this study indicated that hens subject to feed withdrawal (FW) rumen content (RC) and rumen content mixed with alfalfa (RCAA) methods showed significantly greater, (P < 0.05) percentage of body weight loss, ( 32.66 , 31.17 ,and 34.33 % ) compared to those in the FF treatment . Organ weight loss occurs simultaneously with loss in body weight(BW) at the end of the experiment, no significant differences were noticed for hens in terms of feed intake (FI) or feed conversion ratio (FCR) in all treatments in post molt experimental period that lasts 56 days. FF hens had significantly lower, ( P < 0.05 ) hen – day egg production when compared with all other treatments after 8 weeks , also RCAA hens had numerically higher egg production than FW or RC hens . The egg weight showed no significant differences among treatments, but egg output for FF treatment has significantly lower than other treatments. Egg quality, ( shell , albumin and yolk weight ) were not influenced by the treatment , but numerically was in favor FF .The results of our experiment indicated that RC and RCAA represent a viable alternative to FW method for the successful induction of molt and retention of post molt performance.
- ItemEffect of Light Stimulation and Body Weight on Productive Performance of Broiler Breeder Hens(2008) Othman Hashem Hassan Shahadi; Dr. Maen SamaraAn experiment with broiler breeder pullet's was carried out to determine the effect of pattern of light stimulation and pullets body weight at 20 wk of age on body weight and age at onset of egg laying. Two light stimulation treatments were used: abrupt light stimulation (ALS) in which hours of light were increased to 10 hr at 21 wk, 12 hr at 5% egg production, 14 hr at 35% egg production, and finally to 16 hr at 65% egg production; and step-up light stimulation (SLS) in which hours of light were increased to 12 hr at 21 wk of age, then by half an hour weakly until 16 hrs of light are attained at 29 wk of age. Pullets were randomly assigned to one of three body weight groups: low weight (1800 g), medium weight (2200 g), or heavy weight (2600 g) at 20 wk of age. The results obtained indicated that pattern of light stimulation and weight at 20 wk did not markedly affect egg production, however, pullets exposed to SLS or ALS produced the lightest eggs. A numerical advancement occurred in age at first egg due to SLS. Significant weight gain occurred in low weight pullets due to SLS. The results of this experiment indicated that SLS of low weight broiler breeder pullets represents a viable means for advancing onset of lay, and increasing weight gain at onset of lay
- ItemThe Effect of Supplemental Enzymes in Diets Containing Two Levels of Corn Distillers' Dried Grains with solubles on Performance of Broiler Chickens(2014) Hani Kamel Zidan; Dr. Maen SamaraThis experiment was conducted at An- najah university farm in Tulkarm to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary enzyme preparations and diets formulated to contain or not distillers dried grains with solubles on performance of broiler chicks and carcass characteristics. The experiment was 2×4 factorial arrangements with diets containing two levels of DDGS ( 0 and 10%) and four levels (0, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 g/kg) of commercial enzyme product (Avizyme). A total number of 256 Ross 308 one day-old commercial broiler chicks were randomly assigned to eight experimental diets which replicated four times with 8 birds per replicate. Birds were given starter diets from 1to 21 days and finisher diets from 22 to 35 days. Body weight ,feed intake, feed conversion ratio and cost of feed per kg live weight were determined at weekly basis till the end of experiment. Four chicks were selected and slaughtered to determined the carcass yield and weights of cuts. The results of this study indicated that the addition of 10% DDGS without supplemental avizyme at starting period reduced (P<0.05) body weight (BW) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) . This trend continued until the fourth week of age, however (FCR) were the same in all treatments in the last two weeks of age but in term of (BW) for the 35 days of experiment no significant (P<0.05) differences were detected between treatments but for (FCR) the results indicated that only two significant (P<0.05) differences were detected between treatments 0% DDGS supplemented with 200 g/ton and 10% DDGS supplemented with 0.25 g/kg which were (1.75 vs 2.08) respectively . The final cost (NIS) of kg live weight for broilers given 10% DDGS was higher (P<0.05) than broilers given 0% DDGS when no avizyme is added (3.7 vs 3.88). In terms of carcass cuts and dressing percentage, this study indicated no significant differences with respect to dressing percentage, drumstick, thigh and breast weights among treatment, but the intestine weight and fat bad %, were higher (P<0.05) for birds fed 10% DDGS compared to 0% DDGS with no supplemental avizyme ( 5 vs 3.87) and (1.5 vs 0.98) respectively. This study also indicated that liver, gizzard weights as percentages of live body weight were the same in all treatments except hearts weights which were higher (P<0.05) in diets containing 10% DDGS compared to diets containing 0% DDGS supplemented with 0, 0.2 g/kg avizyme .
- ItemThe Effects of Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal in the Grower Diet with Sun-Dried Blood and Boiled Feather Meals on the Performance of Broiler Chicks(2008) Ra'fat Mohammad Salih Nakhash; Dr. Maen SamaraThis study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding feather, blood meals, separately, or combined, during the grower phase, on the performance of broiler chickens. Straight-run, one hundred and fifty one day old broiler chicks were reared in deep litter house to 18 days of age, at day 19, one hundred chicks were divided into ten equal replicate groups using completely randomized block design. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental mash growing diets were prepared as follows : control, diet 2 contained 5% feather meal (FM), diet 3 contained 5% blood meal (BM), diet 4 contained 5%FM plus 3%BM, and diet 5 contained 5%FM plus 5% BM. The chickens were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatment groups having two replicates of 20 chicks in each group . Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and carcass characteristics were not significantly affected by dietary treatments. Feed conversion was numerically better for the control birds followed by those fed 5% BM. Birds fed the diet that contained feather meal plus blood meal 5%BM, and 5%FM diets had feed conversion numerically lower than the birds fed the control . The results indicated that heated sun-dried blood meal up to 5% or boiled feather meal up to 5% can be incorporated in the growing broiler diet without any adverse effect on production variables during the growing and at the end of the rearing period .
- ItemEffects of Rumen Filterate Fermented Wheat Bran on Performance of Finishing Broiler Chickens(2010) Mohannad Mazen Thaher Darwazeh; Dr. Maen SamaraAn experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of fermented wheat bran with rumen liquor at different inclusion rates on the performance of broilers at age from 21-35 days. Rumen liquor was collected and immediately mixed with wheat bran. The ingredient was incubated in sealed bags for 24 days at room temperature and then was sun dried for approximately 30 hrs. A total of 205 one-day-old male and female Cobb broiler chicks were fed commercial diets from 1-20 days of age. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental finisher diets were prepared as follows: control (C), diet 2 contained 5% rumen filtrate fermented wheat bran (FWB5%), diet 3 contained 10% rumen filtrate fermented wheat bran (FWB10%) and diet 4 contained 15% rumen filtrate fermented wheat bran (FWB15%).At 21 days of age chicks were divided randomly into four experimental groups. Every treatment group was contained four replicates of 12 birds each using completely randomized design (CRD). The chicks were fed the experimental diets from 21-35 days of age. Body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were measured throughout the experiment. The measurements of carcass traits and economical parameters were determined at the end of the experiment. Feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass characteristics were not significantly affected across treatments. The results of this study indicated that fermented wheat bran with rumen filtrate up 15% inclusion rate can be used in the broiler finisher diet without any adverse effects on parameters during the finishing phase of broilers.
- ItemEffects Of Various Sanitizing Treatments On Hatchability Of Broiler Breeder Eggs(2008) Feras Talal Mohammad Beleh; Dr. Maen SamaraIn the commercial broiler breeder farms and hatcheries, formaldehyde fumigation is routinely carried out to disinfect hatching eggs, Dipping of hatching eggs has not been practiced as means of disinfection locally. The proper use of disinfection is essential. This study was carried out to determine the effect of different disinfection practices on hatchability, egg weight loss, embryonic mortality and early chick performance. Nestclean and dirty eggs were exposed to formaldehyde fumigation (control) or immersed in worm water (40Cº) followed by dipping for 5 minutes in one of the following disinfectant solutions: 1% formalin, agri germ, or 3% hydrogen peroxide solution. Early chick mortality and hatchability of fertile eggs were not effected by treatments, but they were numerically greater in eggs dipped in hydrogen peroxide solution. None of the treatments affected egg weight loss throughout the first 18-days of incubation. The use of one-step dipping rather than the common fumigation in- farm and in-hatchery did not adversely affect hatchability. Body weights, chick mortality and weight gains did not differ by treatment. The use of one-step disinfection , and the use of hydrogen peroxide as an in-farm dip for hatching eggs may be a possible alternative to formaldehyde fumigation.