Clinical Biochemistry
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- ItemPHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIDIABETIC, ANTI-OBESITY, ANTIOXIDANT, AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SARCOPOTERIUM SPINOSIUM OIL(An-Najah National University, 2025-09-07) Elsaid, EmanBackground: Obesity, diabetes, oxidative stress, and antimicrobial resistance are concerns negatively impacting individual health and represent an obstacle for the health care system. These problems drive researchers to discover novel solutions to prevent the impact of the issue from spreading worldwide. Medicinal plants are commonly used in traditional medicine to treat and prevent diseases. This study aims to investigate the antilipase, anti-amylase, antioxidant potential activity and antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi of Sarcopoterium spinosum fixed seed oil. Additionally, phytochemical components of Sarcopoterium spinosum fixed oil extracted from seeds were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Moreover, identified the phytopathogenic fungi by molecular techniques. Methods: Antioxidant activity was measured by using free radical scavenging activity, with DPPH reagent, and Trolox used as a reference. Although antilipase for S. spinosum oil potential was measured by measuring the amount of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenolate to p-nitrophenol were p nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB) was utilized, and pancreatic lipase activity was estimated using a spectrophotometer at 405 nm. Orlistat medication was used as a reference. Where, antiamylase activity of S. spinosum fixed oil was evaluated by using DNSA reagents, and acarbose was used as a reference. Antimicrobial activity was performed against human pathogenic bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi by using disk diffusion methods for antibacterial and microbroth dilution methods assisted with dissecting microscopes for phytopathogenic fungi. Molecular identification of phytopathogenic fungi was conducted using PCR with ITS primers and sequencing. Results: S. spinosum oil with a composition of nine fatty acids showed significant antioxidant activity with IC50 value equal to 10.581 μg/ml, were strong α-Amylase Inhibitory potential with IC50 value 222.40 μg/ml, but no activity of pancreatic lipase enzyme. In addition, S. spinosum oil revealed no noticeable activity against bacteria, but activity against important Paecilomyces niveus, Penicillium expansum. Alternaria alstroemeria Botrytis californica, and Fusarium equiseti phytopathogenic fungi. Additionally, phytopathogenic fungi were identified by molecular methods. Conclusion: S. spinosum fixed seed oil has remarkable antioxidant properties and eco-friendly fungicide function against phytopathogenic fungi. Molecular techniques are effective in determining the precise organisms responsible for plants diseases.
- ItemEVALUATION OF DENTAL HEALTH INDICATORS IN PREGNANCY : SALIVA PH AND CARIES RISK(An-Najah National University, 2025-06-17) Raddad, RihamPurpose: This study aims to investigate the relationship between pH levels, dental caries, and pregnancy by comparing the dental health of pregnant and non-pregnant women. The focus is on assessing the impact of pH levels, age, and pregnancy experience on dental health perceptions and practices, as well as examining the relationship between the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) index and dental health during pregnancy. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 women from the Salfit Health Directorate, divided into pregnant and non-pregnant groups. Data on dental health perceptions, pH impact, and the DMFT index were collected and analysed using statistical methods, including F-tests and T-tests, to compare the groups. Findings: The findings indicate no significant difference in dental health perceptions between pregnant and non-pregnant women based on pH levels (F = 0.542, p = 0.705). Age also had no significant impact on dental health perceptions and practices (F = 1.449, p = 0.226). However, significant differences were found in dental health perceptions related to pregnancy experience (T = 2.476, p = 0.015) and in the DMFT index between women exposed and not exposed to pregnancy indicators, with p-values of 0.011, 0.001, and 0.008, respectively. Research Limitation/implications: The study was limited to a specific population in one region, which may affect the generalizability of the results. Further research is needed to explore additional factors influencing dental health during pregnancy. Practical implications: The results emphasize the importance of integrating tailored dental health education and interventions into prenatal care, focusing on pregnancy-related factors that affect dental health. Originality/value: This study contributes to understanding the relationship between pregnancy, pH levels, and dental health, highlighting the significant role of pregnancy experience and the DMFT index in shaping dental health outcomes. It underscores the need for targeted dental care strategies for pregnant women.
- ItemSTATINS INHIBITS GROWTH AND METASTASIS OF MELANOMA THROUGH MIR-126/MMP-9(An-Najah National University, 2024-11-03) Nasser, RashaBackground: Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer, with morbidity and mortality rates increasing globally. Melanoma has an elevated metastatic potential, leading to limited response to the available treatments in addition to poor prognosis. The transcription factor (NF-κB) for nuclear factor kappa B has been up-regulated in melanoma cases. Simvastatin has anticancer properties that can act as a repurposed drug for treating melanoma. Recognizing the signaling pathway and the anti-tumor properties of simvastatin is essential in discovering new kinds of tumors that might be intended by simvastatin. MicroRNA-126 is a significant microRNA family member; recent studies demonstrate its role in cancer as a new tumor suppressor gene because it can stop cancer cells from growing, migrating, and invading by suppressing important oncogenes like matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9). Here, we inspected how simvastatin can affect melanoma growth, tumor cell migration, and angiogenesis. Mechanically, Simvastatin blocks the transcription factor NF-κB, which up-regulates MIR-126 and, therefore, down-regulates the expression of MMP9 as an oncogene of melanoma cancer responsible for cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Aims: Eliminating melanoma from our lives is our objective. The only way to accomplish this is through study, and it is pretty bold and huge. We propose that, rather than finding a new drug, it would be better to use an existing one to prevent growth and metastasis so that we can investigate the impact of statin drug on melanoma growth and metastasis using an innovative approach. This goal is supported by our unique research technique, which describes how we use the newest ideas to advance the discovery of a new treatment for melanoma. Methods: we use Simvastatin to block the transcription factor NF-κB, which then regulates the expression of MIR-126. Therefore, this micro-RNA inhibits the expression of MMP9 as an oncogene of melanoma cancer, responsible for cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Results: The results of the study demonstrate that simvastatin, via inhibiting the transcription factor NFκB; can influence the growth and spread of melanoma cancer at even low concentrations (5µM). In conclusion: Through downregulation of the transcription factor NFκB, which restores the production of miR-126 that targets the MMP-9 mRNA, simvastatin possesses anti-proliferative characteristics that limit the growth and metastasis of the B16F10 melanoma cell line dependent on dosage and time approach.
- ItemHEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PREDICTORS OF COMPLICATIONS AND OUTCOMES AMONG PATIENTS WITH LYMPHOMA TREATED IN THE PALESTINIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM(An-Najah National University, 2024-11-24) Sbaihat, BaraaBackground: Lymphomas are heterogeneous malignant neoplasm that form from unprogrammed proliferation of lymphocytes. Tumors arise in B cells, T cells, and N killer cells during their maturation stages. Lymphoma is divided into two main type , Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and about 90 subtypes. There are multiple risk factors for lymphoma, including infection, immunodeficiency, autoimmune diseases, genetics, obesity, drugs, and environmental factors. Lymphoma is diagnosed beginning with a clinical examination, then using a CT scan and a biopsy to confirm the definitive diagnosis. The treatment plan for lymphoma patients is developed based on the stage of the disease and includes chemotherapy and radiation therapy. During the treatment period, the patient's status is monitored through periodic clinical examinations and laboratory tests. In Palestine, treatment is provided to lymphoma patients and their periodic examinations, disease progress, and treatment plan are followed up. Furthermore, the primary objective of this research is to examine the There is a relationship between biochemical and hematological factors and tests with complications ,outcomes and disease progression among lymphoma patients receiving treatment in Palestinian hospitals. Methods: In our study, we collected data for lymphoma patients includes age, date of diagnosis, gender, type of lymphoma, CBC tests, liver function tests, electrolytes, kidney function tests, and treatment receiving treatment in Palestinian hospitals at different ages and geographical regions for both males and females. The data for the patients was divided into two stages: the first stage, which is the stage of diagnosing the disease, and the second stage, which is the last examinations performed on the patients during their treatment path. Then tabulate the data in the Data Collection Form to be analyzed and obtain the research outputs. Results: This study was conducted on 150 lymphoma patients with median age of the patients 40.0 (29.0, 59.3) years and the mean age was 43.9 ± 18.2 years. of those 79 (52.7%) were male in gender ,118 (78.7%) had Hodgkin lymphoma. Time of diagnosis with median 5.0 (4.0, 7.0) years and the median time was 5.5 ± 2.6 years. The cancer stage was only available for a limited number of patients, 26 patients only, 17 (65.4%, 11.3% of all patients) were in stage II. The majority of patients reported general weakness 107 (71.3%),13 (8.7%) had cough, 27 (18.0%) had neck pain, 23 (15.3%) had dizziness, and 15 (10.0%) had fever. the comorbidities Accompaniment cancer were hypertension 14 (9.3%) , 14 (9.3%) diabetes mellitus, and 2 (1.3%) hypothyroidism. As part of the chemotherapy treatment(92.0%) of the patients were receiving cyclophosphamide, 61 (40.7%) received ondansetron and 90 (60.0%) received dexamethasone. In stage 1 Hodgkin lymphoma patients are of a younger age group and have lower survival rates higher white blood cell count, chloride , neutrophil granules, and platelets than non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients .On the other hand, in stage 2, there were no significant changes except for an increase in ferritin level in non-Hodgkin patients more than in Hodgkin patients. conclusion: In this study on a sample of Palestinian lymphoma patients, we found many relationships between lymphoma disease and its progression and risk factors that can increase the rate of lymphoma infection. These variables can contribute to future treatment plans or faster and better detection of cancer to limit its spread and confront it.
- Item.The RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SYMPTOMS SEVERITY, MENTAL HEALTH, LIFESTYLE FACTORS, AND GUT MICROBIOME AMONG IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME PATIENTS, A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY,WEST BANK,PALESTINE(An-Najah National University, 2025-03-24) Sa'd al deen YasmeenBackground: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a popular functional disorder, which is characterized by chronic abdominal pain, variation in bowel habits and bloating. IBS is one of the global disorders that constitute a burden on both healthcare organizations and patients' quality of life. Its pathophysiology is complex and involves an interaction of psychosocial and environmental factors. Also, dysbiosis of gut microbiota and gut-brain axis plays an important role in this disorder and affects patients' mental health which can affect symptoms of IBS. So the study objective is to determine the relationship between the symptoms of IBS patients and their mental health, life style, certain types of diet, and gut microbiota diversity and compare it with healthy control. Methods: in this cross-sectional study, we aimed to find the relationship between IBS patients' mental health, physical activity, MEDAS, and gut microbiota composition, and compare it between healthy control and between themselves according to the severity of symptoms. The total number of IBS patients who participated in this study was 237 and 30 healthy control participants. All participants fulfilled the questionnaire to evaluate their mental health, physical activity, adherence to the MEDAS diet, smoking habits, and the severity of symptoms for IBS patients to assess their severity of symptoms using the Birmingham IBS questionnaire. For analysis of gut microbiota, stool samples were collected from all the control and 30 IBS matching patients. DNA extraction was followed by a semi-quantitative PCR to quantify the following bacterial species (Butyricicoccus, Enterobacteriaceae, Fecalibacter, Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Roseburia) from all stool samples. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between mental health, physical activity, adherence to the MEDAS diet, smoking habits, and severity of IBS symptoms, as well as between the patient and healthy control. Results: Microbiota diversity analysis using alpha and beta diversity, got a good variance between healthy control and IBS patients, which was evaluated using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity with a value of 0.88. Mental health distress, physical activity, sleep problems, duration of, and smoking had a significant relationship between them, while no significant relationship was detected between BMI and MEDAS diet adherence. When using the Shannon index to assess alpha diversity between groups of patients with different severity of symptoms, different microbiota diversity was shown, with a significant relationship between smoking, sleep problems, and mental health distress. While no variation was shown between BMI, physical activity, and MEDAS diet adherence. Conclusion: This study shows differentiation in gut microbiota diversity between IBS patients and healthy controls. As well as, between groups of patients with different severity of symptoms. There is a significant relationship between mental health distress, smoking, and sleep problems for both. Physical activity between IBS patients and healthy control got significant relationship. These findings emphasize the significance of taking into consideration managing IBS patients based on their lifestyle and mental health status, together with traditional medication which can improve gut microbiota diversity.