Civil Engineering
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- ItemEFFECT OF RECYCLED PET PLASTIC ON THE MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS(2025-11-16) Seifi,MajdiThe accumulation of plastic waste, particularly polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poses significant environmental issues due to its durability and detrimental degradation byproducts. The construction industry faces pressure to minimize reliance on natural resources like sand. Utilizing PET as a partial sand replacement in hollow concrete block production in Palestine presents a sustainable solution, reducing plastic waste and conserving natural aggregates. This research investigated the impact of PET plastic waste as a partial fine aggregate (Sand) substitute in hollow concrete blocks, assessing different replacement ratios on compressive strength, unit weight, and thermal insulation. Four concrete mixtures were created with PET-to-sand replacement ratios of 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. Shredded PET was sourced from post-consumer waste, and full-sized hollow blocks were cast. Testing evaluated compressive strength at 7 and 28 days, as well as block mass, specific weight, and thermal conductivity. Increased PET content consistently decreased block weight while significantly enhancing thermal insulation. Thermal conductivity decreased from 1.12 to 0.47 W/m·°C, and R-values more than doubled. Compressive strength reduced at 10% and 15% PET but recovered at 20%, achieving 6.66 MPa at 28 days, similar to the control mix. PET-modified blocks showed brittle failure patterns. PET waste can be effectively reused in non-loadbearing hollow concrete blocks, enhancing thermal resistance and reducing weight while maintaining adequate strength, supporting sustainable building practices.
- ItemDECISION-MAKING TOOL FOR PROPER SLUDGE DEWATERING IN PALESTINE(An-Najah National University, 2025-11-18) Salahat AnasIn Palestine, managing municipal sewage sludge (MSS) is becoming one of the most significant environmental issues. Sludge generation has steadily increased as a result of population growth and the quick construction of wastewater treatment facilities. Sludge's final treatment and sustainable use, however, are still quite limited, and it is typically left unmanaged. This puts society, the environment, and public health at risk. Additionally, there is a glaring knowledge and decision-making gap because so few research studies have addressed this issue in Palestine. By creating a useful tool to select the best sludge dewatering method and offering suggestions for wastewater treatment facilities, this study aims to assist Palestinian decision-makers. To aid in long-term planning and management, it is also crucial to forecast future sludge volumes at the Nablus West Wastewater Treatment Plant. The study employed two primary methods. First, various dewatering techniques were compared using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) according to social, environmental, and economic factors. After gathering information from published research and reports, it was examined and modified in consultation with subject-matter specialists and engineers. Second, the study estimated sludge quantities for the upcoming decades by analyzing recorded operational data from Nablus West WWTP along with design parameters and population projections. To help choose the best sludge drying techniques, a Python-based decision support tool was created. The tool incorporates economic, environmental, and technical factors into an organized framework for making decisions based on multiple criteria. It makes it possible to compare different drying options objectively by using systematic weighting and scoring procedures. In sludge management planning, this method encourages more open, consistent, and data-driven decision-making. According to the AHP analysis's findings, sludge dewatering beds are the best choice for wastewater treatment facilities in Palestine. This approach struck the best possible balance between social acceptance, environmental safety, and cost. Furthermore, the forecasting analysis indicated that Nablus West WWTP's sludge production would rise sharply in the future. The study concludes that, given the present situation, Sludge dewatering beds continue to be the most environmentally friendly option for Palestinian conditions. The ongoing rise in sludge production, however, highlights the pressing need for improved resource allocation and planning. Engineers, officials, and legislators can use the developed decision-making tool to help them make well-informed decisions that enhance sludge dewatering.
- ItemEffect of Horizontal Eccentricity on the Response Reduction Factor (R)(جامعة النجاح الوطنية, 2025-08-05) Haya BustamiStructural irregularities significantly affect the seismic performance of buildings. Structures with architectural flaws may endure excessive twisting, differential story displacements, and probable collapse during seismic events. International standards, including ACI and ASCE, lack explicit directives for including the response modification factor (R) in the presence of horizontal eccentricity cases. The study aims to examine the impact of horizontal irregularity on the R factor for Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame (IMRF) structures. The study examines two variables: the number of stories and the amount of eccentricity. The study encompasses structures of 5, 7, 9, 12, and 15 stories, exhibiting eccentricity indicator values that vary from zero for reference specimens to 60% of the building width. SAP2000 is utilized for the analysis and design of buildings, incorporating response spectrum nonlinear analysis for seismic forces in accordance with ASCE standards. Push-over curves are produced to ascertain the correlation between horizontal eccentricity and R-value. Diverse push-over curves are utilized to examine various conditions. This encompasses standard push-over curves with flexural hinges, push-over curves incorporating mixed flexural, shear, and torsion hinges, as well as push-over curves reflecting the influence of bidirectional lateral pressures (push-over modal curves). The results demonstrate that the R-factor for the reference building corresponds with the recorded code value. Moreover, elevated eccentricity levels diminish the R-factor for buildings of identical height. As the elevation of the structure rises, the R-factor diminishes. The R-factor reduction varies from zero for the reference specimens to 25% for a fifteen-story with 60% eccentricity indicator. Utilizing bidirectional push-over curves that integrate integrated flexural,shear, and torsion hinges results in a 30% reduction in R-factors. For the majority of moderately tall structures, the reduction is approximately 15%. The decrease in the R-factor results from the development of plastic hinges on one side of the structure, causing abrupt failure of specific joints before the joints on the opposite side give.
- ItemEffect of Compliance with Health and Safety Management System among Contractor in road projects(2024) ليث سوده; حسام حشايكة; وصفي بشارات; محمد خليلProject’s Abstract: ● One of the most important issues in engineering projects is safety management, as we have noticed in recent years an increase in accidents in projects, and the reason for this is non-compliance with safety and security procedures in projects. Safety management is very important. It preserves the lives of workers and people in the project and reduces human and material losses. Also, failure to comply with it causes delay and damage to the project. ● In this project, we will talk about the areas of applying safety in projects, the most important means of safety that must be provided in projects, the importance of peace management in projects, and the harms of non-compliance with safety procedures in projects. ● The main objectives: achieving safety for project workers, achieving the project successfully with minimal losses and damages ● A methodology for safety projects necessitates research and training to ensure the implementation of best practices and enhance awareness of potential risks. This study also aims to explore effective approaches for executing engineering projects with the utmost efficiency and quality. Additionally, tailored training courses will be organized for both workers and engineers, aiming to bolster their understanding of engineering planning mechanisms and improve their skills in this domain." ● Yes, it has been implemented in most projects because safety and security are a major part of achieving project success
- ItemStructural Analysis and Design of Residential Building in Taybie–Palestine(2025) عبد القادر الصالحي; محمد مواسي; مجد مواسي; احمد جعبلييقدم مشروع التخرج هذا التصميم الإنشائي لمبنى سكني مكون من 12 طابقًا مملوك للسيد حسن الجبالي، الواقع في الطيبة، إسرائيل، بالتحديد على قطعة الأرض رقم 18 في حوض 7852. يغطي المبنى مساحة تبلغ 541 مترًا مربعًا، مع مساحة مطلع درج تبلغ 12 مترًا مربعًا في كل طابق، ويبلغ ارتفاع كل طابق 3.25 مترًا. هدفنا هو إجراء تحليل وتصميم إنشائي شامل للمكونات الرئيسية للمبنى، بما في ذلك الأسقف والأعمدة والكمرات والأساسات والسلالم والجدران القصيرة. سيتم تنفيذ التصميم من خلال الحسابات اليدوية وبرامج التحليل الإنشائي بمساعدة الحاسوب، مما يضمن الدقة والالتزام بمعايير السلامة الإنشائية. سيتم تصميم العناصر الإنشائية لتحمل الأحمال الثابتة وكذلك القوى الزلزالية، مع مراعاة النشاط الزلزالي في المنطقة. ستشمل النتائج النهائية مخططات إنشائية مفصلة، ومواصفات تسليح الحديد، وتوثيق التصميم لجميع المكونات الإنشائية تحت تأثير الأحمال الثابتة والزلزالية. يهدف هذا المشروع إلى تقديم حل إنشائي آمن ومتين يتناسب مع متطلبات الموقع والبناء المحددة.