Civil Engineering
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- ItemEffect of Horizontal Eccentricity on the Response Reduction Factor (R)(جامعة النجاح الوطنية, 2025-08-05) Haya BustamiStructural irregularities significantly affect the seismic performance of buildings. Structures with architectural flaws may endure excessive twisting, differential story displacements, and probable collapse during seismic events. International standards, including ACI and ASCE, lack explicit directives for including the response modification factor (R) in the presence of horizontal eccentricity cases. The study aims to examine the impact of horizontal irregularity on the R factor for Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame (IMRF) structures. The study examines two variables: the number of stories and the amount of eccentricity. The study encompasses structures of 5, 7, 9, 12, and 15 stories, exhibiting eccentricity indicator values that vary from zero for reference specimens to 60% of the building width. SAP2000 is utilized for the analysis and design of buildings, incorporating response spectrum nonlinear analysis for seismic forces in accordance with ASCE standards. Push-over curves are produced to ascertain the correlation between horizontal eccentricity and R-value. Diverse push-over curves are utilized to examine various conditions. This encompasses standard push-over curves with flexural hinges, push-over curves incorporating mixed flexural, shear, and torsion hinges, as well as push-over curves reflecting the influence of bidirectional lateral pressures (push-over modal curves). The results demonstrate that the R-factor for the reference building corresponds with the recorded code value. Moreover, elevated eccentricity levels diminish the R-factor for buildings of identical height. As the elevation of the structure rises, the R-factor diminishes. The R-factor reduction varies from zero for the reference specimens to 25% for a fifteen-story with 60% eccentricity indicator. Utilizing bidirectional push-over curves that integrate integrated flexural,shear, and torsion hinges results in a 30% reduction in R-factors. For the majority of moderately tall structures, the reduction is approximately 15%. The decrease in the R-factor results from the development of plastic hinges on one side of the structure, causing abrupt failure of specific joints before the joints on the opposite side give.
- ItemEffect of Compliance with Health and Safety Management System among Contractor in road projects(2024) ليث سوده; حسام حشايكة; وصفي بشارات; محمد خليلProject’s Abstract: ● One of the most important issues in engineering projects is safety management, as we have noticed in recent years an increase in accidents in projects, and the reason for this is non-compliance with safety and security procedures in projects. Safety management is very important. It preserves the lives of workers and people in the project and reduces human and material losses. Also, failure to comply with it causes delay and damage to the project. ● In this project, we will talk about the areas of applying safety in projects, the most important means of safety that must be provided in projects, the importance of peace management in projects, and the harms of non-compliance with safety procedures in projects. ● The main objectives: achieving safety for project workers, achieving the project successfully with minimal losses and damages ● A methodology for safety projects necessitates research and training to ensure the implementation of best practices and enhance awareness of potential risks. This study also aims to explore effective approaches for executing engineering projects with the utmost efficiency and quality. Additionally, tailored training courses will be organized for both workers and engineers, aiming to bolster their understanding of engineering planning mechanisms and improve their skills in this domain." ● Yes, it has been implemented in most projects because safety and security are a major part of achieving project success
- ItemStructural Analysis and Design of Residential Building in Taybie–Palestine(2025) عبد القادر الصالحي; محمد مواسي; مجد مواسي; احمد جعبلييقدم مشروع التخرج هذا التصميم الإنشائي لمبنى سكني مكون من 12 طابقًا مملوك للسيد حسن الجبالي، الواقع في الطيبة، إسرائيل، بالتحديد على قطعة الأرض رقم 18 في حوض 7852. يغطي المبنى مساحة تبلغ 541 مترًا مربعًا، مع مساحة مطلع درج تبلغ 12 مترًا مربعًا في كل طابق، ويبلغ ارتفاع كل طابق 3.25 مترًا. هدفنا هو إجراء تحليل وتصميم إنشائي شامل للمكونات الرئيسية للمبنى، بما في ذلك الأسقف والأعمدة والكمرات والأساسات والسلالم والجدران القصيرة. سيتم تنفيذ التصميم من خلال الحسابات اليدوية وبرامج التحليل الإنشائي بمساعدة الحاسوب، مما يضمن الدقة والالتزام بمعايير السلامة الإنشائية. سيتم تصميم العناصر الإنشائية لتحمل الأحمال الثابتة وكذلك القوى الزلزالية، مع مراعاة النشاط الزلزالي في المنطقة. ستشمل النتائج النهائية مخططات إنشائية مفصلة، ومواصفات تسليح الحديد، وتوثيق التصميم لجميع المكونات الإنشائية تحت تأثير الأحمال الثابتة والزلزالية. يهدف هذا المشروع إلى تقديم حل إنشائي آمن ومتين يتناسب مع متطلبات الموقع والبناء المحددة.
- ItemDesign of Big Boulder Retaining Walls(2025) محمد دار عاوي; عمر ابو الوفا; اسامة مشاري; مؤيد صايمةRetaining walls are essential structures in civil engineering, providing support to soil and preventing erosion, landslides, and ground instability. These walls are widely used in infrastructure projects, particularly in areas with sloped terrain or where soil retention is required. Among the various types of retaining walls, stone retaining walls have been used for centuries due to their durability, aesthetic appeal, and ability to blend naturally with the environment. This project (Graduation Project 1) aims to provide a comprehensive review of different types of retaining walls, with a specific focus on stone retaining walls. The study will explore their historical significance, construction techniques, and advantages in modern engineering applications. Additionally, it will highlight key factors that influence the stability and efficiency of stone retaining walls, including material selection, foundation preparation, and structural design. While this phase of the project is centered on reviewing and analyzing stone retaining walls, the next phase (Graduation Project 2) will focus on the actual design process. This will include detailed engineering calculations, structural modeling, and comparisons between different retaining wall types in terms of cost, efficiency, and sustainability. Through this project, we aim to establish a solid understanding of stone retaining walls as a crucial engineering solution and lay the groundwork for further design and practical implementation in future studies. Graduation Project 2 continues the study by moving from the theoretical and analytical phase into practical design and comparison. In this stage, two actual retaining walls were designed on the same site—one constructed from large boulders and the other from reinforced concrete. The structural design and analysis were carried out using engineering software such as Prokon, SAP2000, and AutoCAD, alongside detailed manual calculations to verify the results and ensure safety in accordance with ACI 318-19. The design included analysis of sliding and overturning stability, reinforcement detailing, verification of bearing pressure, shear, bending moments, and other essential factors. At the end of the project, both walls were compared comprehensively in terms of cost, safety, aesthetics, ease of construction, and future maintenance requirements, with the aim of evaluating the most suitable type of retaining wall from both a technical and practical perspective.
- ItemPlanning and Designing for Sustainable Micromobility Transportation at An-Najah National University New Campus(2025) ايه صنوبر; تالا عيد; ريم عنتريMicromobility Transportation is a sustainable mode of transportation, meaning it is environmentally friendly, as it helps reduce pollution and emissions from vehicles, as well as decrease traffic congestion. Additionally, it reduces noise and improves both mental and physical health. However, micromobility users face many challenges, including the lack of safe paths for them. The roads in Nablus City, particularly around and within An-Najah National University, are not designed for this mode of transportation. Therefore, there is a need to plan and design a safe network for micromobility users and to provide parking spaces for them. Based on this, our project aims to design a safe micromobility network within and around the university for micromobility users, in addition to creating parking spaces for the micromobility mode inside the campus. This mode includes bicycles and electric bikes, excluding scooters, which many cities and campuses restrict their use recently, including the city of Nablus. Our project is considered as an extension of a previous graduation project that proposed the design for a bike link between the two university campuses on one side and the city center of Nablus on the other. The design in this project was carried out using engineering software according to the AASHTO standards, based on field data, available previous data, and maps provided by the Palestinian Geomolg. Adopting the idea of sustainable transportation to and from the university new campus, and within it, and providing parking spaces, will help reduce traffic congestion and lower costs for both students and employee, in addition to saving their time lost due to traffic jams and the inability of public transportation to meet the demand. It will also help in providing sustainable transportation, and in reducing the environmental pollution and noise. To ensure ease of movement and user safety, a dedicated network for bicycles and electric bikes has been designed, consisting of two adjacent lanes in both directions. Additionally, dedicated and secure parking areas for these bikes have been designed in strategic locations next to the university faculties, close to the entrances of academic buildings, in order to serve the largest possible number of students and employees. The project revealed a clear need for a safe and efficient micromobility network in and around An-Najah University, due to the weak existing infrastructure and the increasing reliance on private vehicles. A dedicated network for bicycles and electric bikes was designed, including protected and connected lanes, along with parking areas close to university faculties. One of the key features of the project is the strategic reallocation of street space to create safe bike lanes. The lane design was modified from separated one-way lanes to adjacent two-way lanes after analyzing user movement and identifying the university as the primary destination and activity center, making this adjustment more efficient and suitable. Fixed physical separators were used to enhance safety, and surveys showed strong support from both students and staff. The project is expected to help reduce traffic congestion and pollution, improve the overall quality of life on campus, and support the shift toward more sustainable transportation.