Energy and Environmental Engineering
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Browsing Energy and Environmental Engineering by Author "Abusafa, Dr. Abdelrahim"
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- ItemImplementation of Pinch Technology in Local Industry as an Energy Management Tool(2017-05) Hanoun, Arwa; Antari, Lena; Batta, Manar; Abusafa, Dr. AbdelrahimEnergy efficiency has become an important feature in the design of process plants especially with the rising cost of energy and the more stringent environmental regulations being implemented worldwide. The energy sector in Palestine suffers from severe shortage and ambiguous future. Our industries and institutions suffers from bad energy management and bad efficiency as well. From this background, this research has started. This study assesses the possibility of implementing the pinch principle to retrofit the energy recovery possibilities in food sector. Two factories located in Nablus city were selected for this study. The first one is Al-Arz ice cream factory and the other is Al-Safa dairy factory. Pinch concept was used to enhance the heat recovery between hot and cold streams with a heat exchanger network (HEN) as needed. Al-Arz factory is one of the biggest ice cream producers in westbank, it has a capacity of 8 million liter of ice cream monthly. This study was made to focus on the milk pasteurization process as a big opportunity for energy saving. Seven major scenarios were identified to reduce utility cost demand of heating and cooling process. These scenarios were designed based on changing the ∆Tmin starting with ∆Tmin=5℃ and ending with ∆Tmin=15℃. After comparing results obtained from the different scenarios, it was observed that the maximum HX capital cost was 2753 NIS/year, while the minimum total energy cost was 152057 NIS/year. Also the minimum HX capital cost was 1019NIS/year, while the maximum total energy cost was 73658 NIS/year. A reference case called "Zero case" was used to benchmark with other scenarios to obtain the optimum heat recovery and savings. It was observed that the maximum total energy saving was 391991 NIS/year and minimum total energy savings of 310816 NIS/year. In Al-Safa factory, about 1700 L/year of cheese is produced per year, about 80% of this amount is whey and disposed through sewage network. Whey in Al-Safa factory was taken as a case study for recovery of whey. Evaporation process was the main concern, it was studied to concentrate feed whey from 6.5% to 26% to be used in other food industry. Six main energy saving scenarios were suggested to study the optimization of the evaporation process. Two of the scenarios were studied with single evaporator, while the other four were suggested to be applied with multiple effect evaporator. After comparing results obtained from the different scenarios, it was observed that the maximum evaporator capital cost was 17417 NIS/year, in the 3-stage evaporation system with the minimum total energy cost was 6947 NIS/year while the minimum evaporator capital cost was 8850NIS/year, with the maximum total energy cost was 19536 NIS/year in the single evaporation system. The final results indicated that the 3 stage evaporation system is more effective and feasible to be adopted.
- ItemThermal Energy Storage Using PCM in Domestic Solar Water Heaters(2017-05) Balalta, Deema; Habayeb, Lama; Assaf, Nida; Abusafa, Dr. AbdelrahimWe would first like to thank our project advisor Dr. Abdelrahim Abusafa of the Faculty of Engineering at An-Najah National University. The door to Dr. Abusafa office was always open whenever we ran into a trouble spot or had a question about the research or writing. He steered us in the right the direction whenever he thought we needed it. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Aysar Yassin and Dr. Mohammed Alsayed as the second readers of this project, and we are gratefully indebted to them for their very valuable comments on this project.
- ItemWhey Recovery in Dairy Plants(2018-05-21) Abdulhadi, Nada; Samaneh, Noor; Sawalha, Wassan; Abusafa, Dr. AbdelrahimThe dairy factories produce large amount of waste and most wasted by product is whey, so the main concern of this study assesses the possibility of whey recovery in diary factories , accordingly the process of manufacturing whey and converted it into protein (liquid or powder) will be discussed with the lowest visible energy cost. Al –Safa diary factory was selected as the case study. In Al-Safa factory, about 67200 𝐿/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 of whey is disposed through sewage network. Samples of whey are collected and concentrated through the falling film evaporator, which was the best visible available method for the evaporation process. The type of falling film evaporator that is used in this study called single stage evaporator Mod. UMEC-EV. Evaporation process was the main concern; it was studied to concentrate feed whey from 6.35% to 14%. It was observed that in the first pass (concentrated once) evaporation system with the thermal load was 17568.1 kJ per kilogram solid content while the second pass 20679.7 kJ/kg.. The final results indicated that the third pass evaporation system with 19175 kJ/kg is more effective and feasible to be adopted. After evaporation, whey concentrate is then further dried in a spray dryer, the influence of the spray-drying conditions on the energy and production cost was investigated. The factors investigated were the inlet air temperature 160–250°C, air speed at the exhaust and liquid flow rate 3.0-4.3 m/s, 280-362 mL/h, respectively. Stated that, the optimal operation conditions were at a flow rate 0.71 L/h and an inlet air temperature 160°C. The raw whey was taken and entered directly in the spray dryer with a solid content of 6.35% according to that the thermal load was 65770 kJ/kg solid content. While for 8.0% solid content that is concentrated once, the thermal load was 52170 kJ/kg, however as increasing the solid content from 10.89% to 14.0%, the thermal load decreases form 38360 kJ/kg to 30410 kJ/kg, respectively, as the amount of moisture in samples decreases too. For each pass, an energy summation process was calculated for both falling film evaporator and spray dryer in order to obtain the total energy consumption, after that cost calculation was achieved relatively to the cost of kilogram diesel. The cost for the raw whey was 12.06 Nis/kg solid while for passes one, two, and three were 12.83, 10.88, 9.12 Nis/kg solid, respectively. The best optimum case is selected to be pass three based on our studies, this was done according to the lowest total thermal load which was 49585 kJ/kg, with the lowest cost 9.12 Nis per solid whey.