Plant Production

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/3214

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Browsing Plant Production by Author "Dr. Hassan Abu Qaoud"

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    In Vitro Regeneration of Local Chickpea Varieties in Palestine
    (2013) Rozan Irfan Al-Tanbouz; Dr. Hassan Abu Qaoud
    A study was conducted to investigate the effect of different factors on shoot multiplication and regeneration of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Three varieties (HUDAS, FLIP03-147c and FLIP05-100C) and two Palestinian landraces 'Ein Al Bayda' and 'Baladi' were used in this study. The effect of different levels and combinations of the auxin 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and the cytokinins Benzyl adenine (BA), Kinetin (Kin) and N-1, 2, 3-Thiadiazol-5-yl-N’-phenylurea (TDZ) on shoot multiplication and regeneration was examined in thisstudy. Shoots tip from in vitro established seedlings were used as a source material for shoot multiplication. The shoot tips were cultured on MS medium supplied with 0.0, 2.2 and 4.4 µM BA, or 0.0, 9.2 and 18.4 µM Kinetin, both cytokinins were combined with 0.0 or 2.7 µM NAA. The highest shoot number (8.0) was obtained on media without hormone or media supplied with 2.2 µM BA in the Baladi landrace. However, Low shoots number wereobserved on MS medium supplied with 9.2 or 18.4 µM Kin and 2.7 µM NAA in both landraces. For shoot regeneration stem and leaf explants of the studied cultivars and landraces were cultured on MS media supplied with different combinations of TDZ, Kinetin and NAA. The highest shoot percentage (62.0%) and number of shoots (3.0) was obtained with leaf explant using 2.0 μM TDZ with ‘FLIP05-100C’, stem explants exhibited no shoot regeneration in all five chickpea varieties. Very low shoot regeneration was observed with all NAA level combined with TDZ. However, regeneration percentage was highly reduced with higher cytokinin levels. No shoot regeneration was observed with any Kinetin level.
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    In Vitro Regeneration of selected local Tomato Cultivars in Palestine
    (2013) Fedaa Hazem Jamous; Dr. Hassan Abu Qaoud
    A study was conducted to investigate the effect of different growth factors on shoot multiplication and regeneration on some tomato cultivars planted in Palestine. Cultivar 593 and Baladi landrace were involved in these experiments with four explants (hypocotyl, cotyledon, stem, and leaf). The effect of different levels and combinations of auxin Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and cytokinin Benzyl adenine (BA), Kinetin (Kin) and N-1,2,3-Thiadiazol-5-yl-N’-phenylurea (TDZ) on shoot multiplication and regeneration was examined in this study. Shoot tips from established seedlings were used as source materials for shoot multiplication. The shoot tips were cultured on Murashige and Skoog media (MS medium) with (2.2, 4.4 µM) BA, (9.2, 18.4 µM) Kinetin combined with 0.0, 2.7 µM NAA. The higher shoot number (8.4) was obtained with MS medium supplied with 18.4 µM Kinetin. Low shoots number were observed on MS medium supplied with 18.4 µM Kinetin and 2.7 µM NAA in Baladi cultivar. Direct regeneration with four different explants was obtained on MS basal medium supplemented with TDZ at (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 µM) and NAA at (0.0, 2.7 and 5.4 µM), as well as BA at (0.0 or 2.2 µM) and Kinetin at (0.0, 2.3 µM) in two separated experiments. The highest shoot percentage (62.25%) was obtained with Kinetin and BA at (2.3 and 2.2 µM) respectively. However, when NAA and TDZ were combined, 46.9% shoot regeneration was achieved with 2.7 and 4.0 µM, respectively. Very low shoot regeneration was observed with all NAA levels combined with 1.0 and 2.0 µM TDZ. High rooting percentage (100%) was obtained when NAA was added to the media at (2.7 and 5.4 µM).
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    Morphological and Genetical Characterisation of the main Palestinian olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars
    (2012) Ramiz Jawad Omar; Dr. Hassan Abu Qaoud
    Abstract A study was conducted to compare morphological, biochemical and genetical characterstics of the main olive cultivars in Palestine. The cultivar studied were; Nabali Baladi , Nabali Mohassan and Souri. Samples were taken from leaves, flowers, fruits and stones for both morphological characters, oil was extracted from the different cultivars for biochemical analysis, for molecular analysis DNA was extracted from leaf tissue and SSR primer analysis was used. Genetic distances between individual trees were calculated using Dice similarity coefficient and the dendrogram based on UPGMA cluster analysis was constructed. Notable significant differences among the cultivars were observed in all characteristics considered,including ; tree canopy, leaves, inflorescence and fruit characterstics. The acidity, peroxide number and the spectro-photometer absorbencies in ultra-violet were low of the oils of all cultivars were very low. Most cultivars had an oleic content of about 60% or higher except for the cultivar Nabali Mohassan. The sterol composition and content were quite different in the cultivars. The Nabali Baladi cultivar had a relatively high value of Δ-7stigmastenol. All of the biochemical values (acidity, peroxide number, absorbencies in ultra-violet, fatty acid composition, sterol composition and content) used to evaluate oil quality were within the IOOC trade standards. Microstalite matker was used for fingerprinting and for evaluation of genetic similarity of eight olive sample which collected from Palestine. Seventeen alleles were revealed with five SSR that were selected based on previous literature. The number of allele per locus varied from 2.0 at GAPU-103 and DCA9 to 5.0 at U99-36 and DCA16. The eight olive samples were classified into three major clusters using UPGMA clustering analysis; cultivar Nabali Baladi represent the first group and consisted of four samples. Some morphological and biochemi¬cal characteristics of cultivar Nabali Baladi were also distinct from those of the other cultivars; the second cluster consisted of three sample that represent Nabali Mohassan; the third cluster contained only one sample that represent Souri cultivars. The similarity coefficients between the eight olive trees samples varied from 1.0 to 0.31. These SSR loci allowed unequivocal identification of all the cultivars and will be useful for future breeding and olive germplasm management efforts.
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    Performance of Watermelon Grafted onto Different Rootstocks
    (2012) Hashem Derdah Ahmed Ali; Dr. Hassan Abu Qaoud
    The influence of using different rootstocks on the success of grafting, plant growth, fruit yield and fruit quality of two watermelon cultivars ( Crimson Sweet and Jaddoai ) was studied. The experiment was conducted in open field (Low tunnel) in Bardalla (Palestinian Northern - Ghor region). The rootstocks used were 'Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), Gladioter watermelon(Citrullus lanatus var. Gladioter), Al-kamari squash (Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo), and Ein-senna squash(Cucurbita maxima) '. One cotyledon (splice/slant-cut) grafting method was used. In addition to, the above combinations both self grafted and non-grafted of the two cultivars were involved. The seedlings were then hand planted in the field. The combination treatments were arranged as a factorial treatment in a completely randomized design. The results revealed a high percentage ranged from 90-100% of successful grafting combination for both cultivar scions and rootstocks. The total fruit yield of grafted plants was significantly higher than that of non-grafted plants onto both rootstock cultivars. The highest total production was obtained when both Pumpkin and Gladioter rootstocks were used (15.1 and 14.2 kg/plant respectively). On the other hand, both Ein-senna and self-grafted plants resulted in the lowest production (10.4 and 11.3kg/plant respectively). Grafted plants in both Pumpkin and Gladioter rootstocks were more vigorous than the grafted Ein-senna rootstock ones. Plants grafted onto ‘Pumpkin’ and ‘Gladioter’ produced 8.363 kg/plant and 8.050 kg/plant more vegetative fresh weight than the grafted Ein-senna rootstock and self-grafted (4.263 kg/plant and5.293 kg/plant), respectively, whereas non-grafted (control) plants had a lower vegetative fresh weight in both treatments. Both control and self-rooted plants showed earliness in their production. Grafting improved stem length, number of lateral branches per plant, number of leaves per branch, root length and vegetative fresh and dry weights of stem, leaves and root. Ein-senna was significantly poor for biomass characteristics than the other rootstocks. An increase in brix% in the rind of the fruit was obtained in all grafting combination excepted with Ein-senna rootstock (4.5%), the higher brix value was obtained inside the fruit when Gladioter was used as rootstock(12.5%).
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    Reuse of Treated Wastewater to Produce Legume Grains (case study alfalfa and vetch)
    (2014) Ahmed Jabri Mohamed Lebdi; Dr. Numan Mizyed; Dr. Hassan Abu Qaoud
    This study was conducted to evaluate the production of two fodder crops; common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) irrigated with treated wastewater. The study was implemented during summer 2012. Five water regimes were used in the experiment including: Irrigation with fresh water (control), fresh water supplied by 10 ppm N–P–K fertilizers, treated wastewater, treated wastewater supplied with 10 ppm N–P–K fertilizers, and treated wastewater supplied with 40 ppm N–P–K fertilizers. The crops were planted in 5 liters plastic pots in 4:1 v/v sandy to clay soil. The soil was analyzed before and after planting. The following plant parameters were recorded: Plant high, fresh weight, dry weight, leaves number per plant, fruit number per plant and fruit weight per plant. The results show that using treated wastewater significantly increased production parameters; the highest production was obtained with treated wastewater supplied with 40 ppm fertilizers (plant height was 81.5 cm for vetch and 112.5 cm for alfalfa). Plant fresh weights for both vetch and alfalfa were higher in treated wastewater treatments than those of fresh water treatments. Regarding the dry weight, irrigation with TWW produced (33.83 g/plant and 44.67 g/plant ) compared to 22 g/plant and 24.5 g/plant for irrigation with fresh water for vetch and alfalfa respectively. The results of soil analysis show an increase in soil content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as an increase in the soil salinity and SAR values in pots irrigated by treated wastewater alone and in treated wastewater plus 10 and 40 ppm N-P-K fertilizer.