Design of water distribution and sewer collection systems For Burqa village
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Date
2014
Authors
Hussein Fathi Haji
Hisham Hossam Shouli
Qais Nasser Abed Allkareem-
Afif Isam Aqad
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Abstract
Burqa is located about 17 km to the northwest of Nablus at an elevation of 500m over mean sea level. Most of its people work in agriculture. Burqa is one of the important villages of Nablus area because of its topographical location and its fertile soils and lands which are planted with fruit trees and olives. However, the residents of this village suffer from inadequate water supplies (water doesnt arrive to everyone in the quantity and time needed) and they dont have proper sanitation system. They use septic tanks to collect waste water which need frequent evacuation at high costs by trucks which dispose the waste among olive trees and wadis causing pollution to the important groundwater aquifer in the area. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Burqa has a current population of 4000 people which is expected to grow to about 7000 people in 20 years resulting in increasing the needs for improvements in the distribution water network system to meet the future water needs of the village. In this project, we as students have suggested helping the residents of Burqa to improve the water and sanitation services in the village to be able to deliver water to the residents with the quantity and time needed. We planned to fulfill this goal by designing a water distribution system and sewer collection systems to collect wastewater from homes and sending it to disposal point where a treatment plant will be established. This project will improve the environmental and health conditions at the village. The sewer system will also improve the socio-economic conditions in the village encourage more private investment in the village and reducing the cost of wastewater disposal. In this project, we collected the data needed to analyze the existing water distribution system and the proposed modifications for the system. We needed to analyze population data, water domestic needs, water consumption and demand data to estimate future water demands in the village. We analyzed the hydraulics of the existing network, proposed adjustments to the network and analyzed the hydraulics again until we reached a design which will meet the design criteria for water networks as recommended by the Palestinian Water Authority. We used watercad in the hydraulic analysis for the network. We analyzed several alternatives and iterations (by changing locations and diameters) until we reached acceptable velocities in pipes and pressures at nodes in accordance with the Palestinian standards and guidelines. We found out that a new tank is needed instead of the old one, which is small and can't match people needs. Nowadays some buildings stands on areas higher than the tank, so we had to choose another suitable area and size for the tank. For the wastewater sewer collection system, we started with studying topographic and street maps for the village. According to these maps, we located the manholes where the pipes changes their direction, streets intersections, and intermediate locations at long straight line between manholes. Loads calculations on manholes were followed. We used sewercad for the hydraulic analyses of the sewer network, we then adjusted locations, layouts and sizes of sewers to reach an acceptable design that gives velocities and covers that satisfy the standards in this aspect. For the storm sewer collection system, we studied topographic and street maps. According to these maps we placed catch basin, manholes and conduits. Then we used civil 3D to delineate watersheds and estimate catchment areas and flow paths. Then using the rational formula we estimated the design flow rates utilizing intensity duration frequency curves for Nablus city. We used stormcad for the hydraulic analysis of storm network. We then adjusted the locations, layouts and sizes of conduits to reach an acceptable design that gives velocities and covers that satisfy the design standards. Finally, we designed a sewer conveyance system to convey wastewater from the outfalls to a proposed wastewater treatment plant location and a storm collection system to the wades.