Design of foundation for Fattouh building in Nablus
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Date
2013
Authors
Nibal Awwad
Israa Hanan
Noor Suboh
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Abstract
All engineered construction resting on the earth must be carried by some kind of interfacing element called a Foundation . The foundation is the part of an engineered system that transmits to and in to the under-lying soil or rock the loads supported by the foundation and Its self-weight . The resulting soil stressesexcept at the ground surfaceare in addition to those presently existing in the earth mass from its self-weight and geological history . The term superstructure is commonly used to describe the engineered part of the system bringing load to the foundation, or substructure. The term superstructure has particular significance for buildings and bridges; however, foundations also may carry only machinery , support industrial equipment (pipes, towers, tanks) act as sign bases, and the like . For these reasons it is better to describe a foundation as that part of the engineered system that interfaces the load carrying components to the ground . It is evident on the bases of this definition that a foundation is the most important part of the engineering system. Like any element of a structure, the foundation must satisfy certain stability requirements . among the many requirements for a solid foundation the following are important:- 1 . The foundation should be laid at proper depth below the ground surface to avoid the soil lateral expulsion from underneath the base of the foundation , to avoid damage to it by freezing and thawing ( where it applies ) and to protect it from scour and washout by erosion of soil by water of soil by water . 2. The foundation should be resist to ground water and any other aggressive water relative o foundation material 3. The foundation should be strong in its details as well as whole. This is to say that the deformations of the foundations should be no longer than those allowable under the condition of its exploitation . 4. The foundation should be stable against any lateral ( horizontal ) sliding, against any rotary movement, and against intolerable differential settlement to avoid any distress to the structure . 5. The soil-foundation system must be safe against rupture of soil ( ground break ); this requirement pertains to the exhaustion of the soil, and may be regarded as a natural consequence of the requirement mentioned under point 1 above. 6. The foundations must be designed and laid with the view of future excavations of the soil around the foundations for eventual repairs of foundations , for installation of service ducts and pipes ( for example ), and for foundations of new additions to the initial structure. Hence the stability of the soil-foundation system must be analyzed with no foundation backfill. 7. The foundation should be durable and function properly during its assigned service period 8. The foundation should be economical and subject to mechanization of work in laying the foundation. There are three basic criteria which establish the depth to which a building foundation must be carried . These are :- 1. The construction must bear on , or in a bearing stratum of adequate capacity and stiffness to support the applied loads without failure of the soil mass and without excessive settlement . 2.The strata underlying the bearing stratum also must be of adequate capacity and stiffness to resist the bearing pressure imposed at each level.3.The foundation must bear in stable ground below the influences of erosion , frost heave , or volumetric changes in the soil due to changes in the moisture content or chemical reaction