Plant Production
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- ItemSTUDYING THE FACTORS AFFECTING PROTECTED AGRICULTURE FARMERS' ADOPTION OF PALESTINIAN GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES (PAL-GAP) IN THE NORTHERN WEST BANK(An-Najah National University, 2025-07-15) Al-Masri, HaneenAgriculture in Palestine is considered an essential part and component of Palestinian national, cultural, economic and social life. The agricultural sector contributes to creating job opportunities, increasing income and achieving food security for many Palestinian families.The security and safety of locally traded food is one of the most important issues of concern to all parties and participants in the value chain of various agricultural production.The necessity of adopting modern specialized programs locally and internationally to ensure the safety and security of agricultural and food products from any chemical residues. The necessity of obtaining a high level of quality for agricultural and food products and producing them in an environmentally friendly manner, in response to consumer demand and their right to obtain a safe product. This study aims to examine the factors affecting the adoption of Palestinian good agricultural practices by farmers (Pal Gap) in Tulkarm, Jenin and Nablus governorates. The Palestinian government seeks to direct agricultural production systems towards sustainable and environmentally safe agriculture to contribute to improving farmer income. Direct Palestinian farmers to produce healthy and safe crops and link them to new markets by achieving the Palestinian strategic objectives of good agricultural practices. Adopting economically viable good agricultural practices enhances the reduction of agricultural chemical inputs locally and develops good agricultural practices while ensuring the implementation of a complete and comprehensive crop system from farmer to consumer. A random sample of 291 irrigated vegetable farmers from three northern governorates was selected to complete the questionnaire study tool. The first part of the questionnaire included demographic and farm-related variables such as location, gender, age, marital status, number of family members, educational level, economic status, source of family support, nature of farm work, family income, number of individuals working on the farm, type of agricultural holding, farm area, and participation in community institutions. The second part consisted of questions related to farmers' awareness, interest, and evaluation of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and the actual practices implemented by vegetable growers on their farms. This section aimed to assess the extent to which farmers adopt Palestinian Good Agricultural Practices (PAL-GAP), whether they hold a PAL-GAP certificate or are interested in obtaining one, and to identify the obstacles and challenges that hinder adoption. The results indicated that 10% of the sampled farmers hold a Pal Gap certificate. While the majority implement some Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), many expressed a willingness to adopt the full set of Palestinian Good Agricultural Practices; however, they lack the financial resources necessary for implementation. The results showed that farmers’ awareness of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) was high, averaging 71%. Similarly, farmers’ interest in and evaluation of GAP was also high. However, farmers' actual implementation of GAP was found to be at a moderate level. These findings suggest the need to enhance farmers' understanding of the PAL-GAP concept through awareness workshops explaining the certification requirements. In addition, hands-on training should be provided on the practical aspects of implementing GAP, emphasizing worker welfare and safety. Financial support is also essential to encourage farmers to pursue PAL-GAP certification. This would facilitate the marketing of their products, increase farmers’ profitability, and ensure consumer access to safe and healthy agricultural produce. Furthermore, the establishment of high-quality packaging centers would improve product quality, enhance shelf life, and help open export opportunities for Palestinian agricultural products.
- ItemScreening for Genetic Variation in the Circadian Clock in Diverse Barley Collection(ِAn-Najah National University, 2020-02-16) Hamdan, Abd Al-Rahimالساعة البيولوجية هي آلية متكيفة ذاتيا التي تنظم مجموعة واسعة من العمليات الفسيولوجية والجزيئية خلال فترة 24 ساعة وبالتالي تتيح للنباتات خاصية التكيف مع مختلف التغيرات اليومية والموسمية في بيئتها. ومع ذالك هناك معلومات محدودة حول كيفية تأثير الساعة البيولوجية على أداء المحاصيل. في نبات الشعير (Hordeum vulgare), آلية المذبذب الأساسية تتكون من عدة عناصر هي: معامل النسخ في الصباح (CCA1) و معامل النسخ في المساء (TOC1). وتنظيم هذه الجينات هو جزء مهم من الساعة البيولوجية, والكشف عن تلك الآليات التنظيمية يمكن أن يلقي الضوء على كيفية عمل الساعة واقترانها بالبيئة المحيطة. الأهداف الرئيسية لهذه الدراسة هي التعرف على التباين الطبيعي في الساعة البيولوجية في مجموعة متنوعة من الشعير باستخدام تقنية قياس الفلورسنس بالإضافة إلى تحديد اختلاف المعاملات الإيقاعية استجابة للتغيرات البيئية. تم استخدام تقنية قياس الفلورسنس كأداة لدراسة الإيقاعات البيولوجية في مجموعة مختلفة من الشعير, وأيضا باستخدام هذه التقنية تم تحليل العلاقة بين المعاملات الإيقاعية والاختلافات الجغرافية (الارتفاع) في موقع منشأ هذه النباتات. وأشارت النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها من هذه الدراسة إلى أن هناك تذبذبات واضحة ومختلفة بين مختلف نباتات الشعير نتيجةCCA1 التي أحدثت تغيير في تنظيم التذبذبات الإيقاعية للفلورسنس. كما أظهرت النباتات وجود ارتباطا قويا بين المعاملات الإيقاعية للفلورسنس والاختلافات الجغرافية ( الارتفاع) في موقع منشأ النباتات.
- ItemStudy of Morphological and Agronomic Variation of Local and Improved Barley Lines(Tariq Abu Baker, 2018-12-09) Abu Baker, TariqBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.)is one of the most important field crops in Palestine. The area Planted with barley exceeds 9270 ha. The average productivity in Palestine is about 1.7 ton/ha, which is less than 56% of average world productivity. This shortage is due to the effect of unfavourable local environmental conditions for used cultivars. Introducing high yielding and well-adapted cultivars could be one of the best solutions to overcome the low productivity of barley in palestine. Eighty-four accessions of landraces and cultivated varieties of barley were collected from different countries, mainly from the Fertile Crescent. A field experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture – An-Najah National University during two growing seasons 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 to evaluate several agronomical traits and to test the agronomic performance of the barley varieties under rain-fed conditions. The traits that were analysed are days to stem elongation, days to heading, days to maturity, tiller number, spike number, plant height, total grain yield, thousand kernel weight and vegetative biomass. The results obtained from this study led to a clear morphological identification of studied varieties. Also the results indicated high genetic diversity among barley varieties, which make them potential sources for selection and hybridization programmes. The results also show that there are clear differences in most of the varieties between season 2015-2016 and season 2016-2017. These differences are due to the different climatic conditions between the two seasons in addition to the biotic and abiotic factors. The results also indicated that many of these genotypes are promising for grain yield as MK_RB_269 (409 g/m2) variety, and others for vegetative biomass yield as MK_RB_113 (2062g/m2) variety. Further studies are needed to compare the productivity of these genotypes with international varieties and identify QTL controlling the productivity of these genotypes and to study the variation between and within these genotypes at the molecular level.
- ItemCharacterization of novel sources of Fusarium resistance in Faqous (Cucumis melo subsp. melo var. flexuosus) by phytopathological approach(ِAn-Najah National University, 2019-02-07) Eid, Imadالخلفية: يزرع الفقوس على نطاق واسع في فلسطين ويظهر تكيف جيد مع المناخ، بالإضافة الى تحمل بعض الامراض والظروف القاسية. الاهداف: الهدف من هذه الدراسة البحث عن اصول جينية يمكن استخدامها في تهجين نبات شمام مقاوم للفيوزاريوم من خلال التركيز على الاصول المحلية المتكيفة مع المناخ والتي تزرع من قبل المزارعين الذين يملكون حيازات صغيرة. المنهجية: تم فحص 47 سلالة من الفقوس تمثل 47 حقل من الضفة الغربية لمقاومتها للذبول الناجم عن الفطر Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis للسلالات ((0, 1, 2, 37 من هذه السلالات (سلالات الفقوس) تم فحصها لمقاومتها لسلالة الفطر 1.2 باستخدام تركيز 106x 1 ابواغ/مل بطريقة غمس الجذور بمعلق الابواغ، بالاضافة الى سلالات الفقوس تم استخدام Differential Melon Lines ككاشف ((as controls . النتائج: جميع السلالات التي فحصت كانت مقاومة للفيوزاريوم سلالة صفرFOM0) ) و والسلالة 2 (FOM2). لقد كان ادنى متوسط 0.52 للمساحة تحت منحنى تقدم المرض (rAUDPC) للفيوزاريوم FOM1.2 للسلالة RB38. معظم قيم rAUDPC للفيوزاريوم FOM1 كانت قريبه من بعضها حيث كانت اعلى قيمة 0.81 للسلالة AB59 من قرية بردلة بينما كانت اقل قيمة 0.41 للسلالة SD30 من قرية دير بلوت. بالاضافة الى ذلك لم يوجد اي فروقات معنوية في rAUDPC للفيوزاريوم FOM 1.2 بينما وجد فرق معنوي في rAUDPC للفيوزاريوم FOM1 بين السلالات التي جمعت من سلفيت ومعظم السلالات التي جمعت من مناطق اخرى. الإستنتاجات: جميع الفقوس الذي تم فحصة مقاوم للفيوزاريوم FOM 0 و FOM 2 وحساس الى مقاوم جزئيا للفيوزاريوم FOM 1 وFOM1.2 . Keywords: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis, Differential Melon Lines, rAUDPC سلالة, تركيز الابواغ,
- ItemEvaluation of Pearl Millet Ecotypes Under Saline Conditions(Ihsan Abu Ali, 2018-10-04) Abu Ali, IhsanThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of differential saline levels on the growth and development of nine Pearl millet accessions (Pennisetum glaucum). The experiment was conducted at the research station of the Faculty of Agriculture, An Najah University, Tulkarm, Palestine. The seeds were planted on 4th of April 2016; seeds of the nine accessions were planted in plastic containers filled with sandy soil. Five plants were placed in each container. The plants were irrigated with three salinity levels (fresh water as a control, 75 mM , 150 mM NaCl), with three replicates for each treatment. The results demonstrated that germination percentages, radical and coleoptile length were significantly affected by increasing salinity level. Highest germination percentages at 0 salinity level (control) were observed in accessions IP 6104. The germination percentage for all accession decreased significantly for 100 mM , 150 mM and 200 mM except IP 6104 accession . in the high level 250 mM the germination percentage decreased significantly, the highest germination percentage IP 19612 accession. the lowest germination percentage was recorded with Sudan pop III, Sudan pop I, ICMS 7704, MC 94 C2 and ICMV 155 accessions. Shoot length was found to be significantly reduced when salinity level was increased. However, the average tillers number was not affected by salinity. And significant differences were observed among accessions on shoot length and tillers number. Chlorophyll content was found to be significantly affected by salinity. were the chlorophyll content decrease when salinity level increase. No significantly different was conducted between accessions. the nine accessions exhibited statistically different root fresh and dry weight and shoot fresh weight but shoot dry weight not affected significantly . Ash content decrease significantly per salinity treatment and at all accessions Ash content was differ. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of the different accession was not significantly affected with salinity treatment. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the ability of pearl millet to grow under saline condition. As such, indicating that this forage crop has a good potential for planting in areas with high soil salinity. Additionally, cluster analysis show that the MC 94 C2 accession provided the best results in germination and field experimentation.