Medical and Health Sciences

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/18295

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    ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES (MBO) ON MOTIVATION AMONG NURSING STAFF IN A UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL NABLUS CITY : A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
    (An-Najah National University, 2025-07-31) Tammam, Nada
    Background: Performance appraisal systems are crucial in hospitals for employee development, managerial decision-making, and organizational efficiency. Nursing, the largest workforce in healthcare, is influenced by both internal and external factors. This study investigates the relationship between Management by Objectives (MBO) and the motivation of nursing staff at a university teaching hospital in Nablus. MBO, which emphasizes goal-setting, feedback, and collaboration, is hypothesized to enhance motivation and job satisfaction among nurses. The research, grounded in self-determination theory, examines how intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors interact within the MBO framework. Aim: This research seeks to thoroughly examine the possible impact of MBO on increased motivation among nurses in the hospital environment. Method: This research will involve a cross-sectional approach examining the impact of MBO implementation on performance metrics of the MBO system and motivation levels among nursing personnel at a university teaching hospital through a self-administered questionnaire. Result: Results indicated a positive correlation between MBO execution and employee motivation, with an R² of 0.793, which explains 79.3% of the variance in motivation levels. In addition, descriptive statistics from perceptions of MBO and motivation indicated high overall means. The sample also matched on the basis of gender, age, qualifications, and experience. Results indicated that statistically significant differences did not arise based on demographic variables, therefore showing consistent effects of MBO. Conclusion: These findings point to the fact that management by objectives is able to greatly help increase motivation among nursing staff and enhance their performance. It is advised to broaden its use to other hospitals as well to enhance the quality of health care, and increased job satisfaction can be attained in exchange. Keywords: Management by Objectives; Human Resource Management; Motivation; Nursing Staff; Performance Appraisal.
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    DETECTING THE CONSTRUCT VALIDATION OF SOME DEPRESSION SCALES IN THE PALESTINIAN CONTEXT
    (An-Najah National University, 2025-07-24) Massarwa, Remaa
    This study aimes to evaluate the construct validity of three globally recognized depression assessment the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and examine their relevance within the unique sociocultural and psychological context of Palestine, where mental health struggles are intensified by ongoing adversity and war. To achieve this, the study adopted a quantitative research approach, utilizing both descriptive statistics and factor analysis. Specifically, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed to thoroughly assess the structure of each instrument. The research sample included 860 participants aged 15-60, drawn from the West Bank, Jerusalem, and the 1948-occupied territories. EFA was carried out on subgroup of 280 participant, while CFA was performed on a larger group of 580 participant. Data were collected through an online questionnaire, with participants selected using a convenience sampling technique. The results revealed that the 17-item version of Beck Depression Inventory exhibited the strongest psychometric prosperities, including high validity and reliability, making it particularly effective tool for depression screening with the Palestinian context. In contrast, the 20 item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-20) failed to meet acceptable model fit criteria, rendering it ineffective without substantial modification. The MADRS-10 scale, after minor modifications, achieved acceptable validity and reliability, suggesting its applicability in this context. Additionally, the PDS-22 scale created in this research showed considerable validity and consistency. Considering previous results, current recommend the following: 1. Embracing the BDI-17 as the most valid measure for evaluating depression in mental health facilities within Palestine. 2. Continuing to enhance the PDS-22 should be further improved for wider use, including in clinical setting and research endeavours.
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    ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF GROUP COUNSELING CBT PLAY THERAPY FOR TREATING EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL ISSUES IN ADHD CHILDREN
    (An-Najah National University, 2025-08-31) , Mai
    This thesis investigates effectiveness of Group Counseling Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Play Therapy on addressing emotional and behavioral issues among children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), study employed quasi-experimental design involving 60 children, divided into an experimental group receiving CBT Play Therapy intervention and control group receiving no intervention, Data were collected using Conners 3rd Edition, validated assessment tool that measures ADHD symptoms across multiple domains, including inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional behavior. Pre-test and post-test scores were analyzed to evaluate intervention's impact, with findings revealing significant reductions on ADHD symptoms among experimental group compared to control group, Specifically, results indicated substantial improvements across all measured subscales, with effect sizes demonstrating intervention's effectiveness, Demographic variables such as gender, monthly income, educational background, and parental involvement were also examined to understand their influence on treatment outcomes. The study concludes that Group Counseling CBT Play Therapy is viable and effective intervention for reducing ADHD-related behavioral and emotional issues on children, findings underscore importance of integrating therapeutic play approaches on clinical settings to support developmental needs of children with ADHD, the study recommends Implementing structured Group Counseling CBT Play Therapy in schools and clinics with trained facilitators, integrate systematic parent involvement, and conduct 3–6-month follow-ups to track maintenance of gains; future research should test optimal dosage, compare against individual CBT and behavioral parent training, and examine moderators (e.g., gender, socioeconomic status, parental involvement).
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    THE IMPACT OF SYMPTOMS EXPERIENCED BY PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT ON THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM PALESTINE
    (An-Najah National University, 2025-08-18) Attoun, Alaa
    Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the extent to which physical and psychological symptoms associated with hemodialysis treatment influence patients’ self-efficacy in managing their chronic illness, as well as the overall impact of these symptoms on their quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was performed to investigate the research objectives. Data were collected from hemodialysis patients at selected centers in the West Bank, Palestine, including An-Najah National University Hospital in Nablus and Al-Hussein Government Hospital in Beit Jala. The physical and psychological symptoms experienced by patients were measured using the Dialysis Symptom Index (DSI). Self-efficacy in managing chronic illness was evaluated using the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale, while health-related quality of life was assessed through the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) instrument and the EQ Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS). Results: In this study, a total of 306 hemodialysis patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 58.1 ± 13.3 years. In multivariable models, higher self-efficacy was predicted by lower BMI, urban residence, living with family, and higher education (p < 0.001 for BMI, place of residence and education; living conditions p = 0.001). Lower self-efficacy was predicted by diabetes (p < 0.001), constipation (p < 0.001), chest pain (p < 0.001), depression (p < 0.001), difficulty with sexual arousal (p < 0.001), more hemodialysis sessions per week (p < 0.001) and longer session length (p = 0.001); marital status also showed an association (p = 0.006). Mobility, self-care problems, anxiety/depression and low health ratings were additional significant negative predictors of self-efficacy (all p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean health rating of the patients was 60.3 ± 18.3. Higher self-efficacy can be significantly predicted by having a healthy weight, living in urban areas, living with family, and having higher education (p value < 0.05). Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of addressing both the clinical and psychosocial components of patient treatment to improve both patients’ sense of self-efficacy and their physical and mental health.
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    LIVED EXPERIENCES OF ANESTHESIA PROVIDERS IN IMPLEMENTING EFFECTIVE PREVENTION STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE PATIENT SAFETY: A DESCRIPTIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY
    (An-Najah National University, 2025-08-20) Abu Ras, Mostafa
    Introduction: The safety of patients during anesthesia is a significant concern owing to the intricate and high-risk characteristics of the treatment. Objective: To investigate the lived experiences of anesthesia practitioners in executing preventive measures to improve patient safety, identify factors contributing to medical errors, and offer evidence-based suggestions for clinical practice and education. Methods: This qualitative study employed a descriptive phenomenological methodology. Sixteen anesthesia experts, comprising 11 anesthesiologists and 5 nurse anesthetists, from three governmental hospitals in Palestine were interviewed through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi’s (1978) seven-step process facilitated the analysis by enabling the extraction of salient statements, the construction of meanings, and the identification of themes. Findings: Seven principal themes emerged from the participants' experiences: patient safety as a core obligation, causes and classification of anesthesia errors, education, training, and protocols, coping mechanisms and professional support, communication and teamwork, impact of errors on patient safety and institutional dimensions, and Support for Anesthesia Providers to Reduce Errors. The participants emphasised the importance of ongoing training, improved interprofessional communication, and better institutional support for maintaining patients’ safety. Conclusion: The study concludes that anesthesia practitioners face daily struggles related to workload, communication, and systemic deficiencies, underscoring the need for continuous training, institutional support, and a strong safety culture.