THE EFFECT OF A PREOPERATIVE EDUCATION PROGRAM ON PATIENT OUTCOMES FOLLOWING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT SURGERY: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
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Date
2025-08-04
Authors
Zaid, Emad Aldeen Naser
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Publisher
An-Najah National University
Abstract
Background: Coronary artery diseases (CADs) is a development of construction or blockages in the coronary arteries. In complex conditions of CADs, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or open heart surgery usually used. Preoperative education is a key component to enhance the recovery post-surgery; patients undergoing cardiac surgery often seek additional information if they have high anxiety levels about their procedure and recovery.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of educational program before open heart surgery on the clinical outcomes of patients having coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Material and method: Quasi experimental design was used among the patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery in West Bank, Palestine. Data was collected by using four tools (Socio demographic and Physical Assessment, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) used to assess the pain, Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) for anxiety assessment, Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living used for functional abilities assessment). The sample size was 50 patients taken by convenience method and divided equally to control and intervention groups (25 patient in each droup).
Result: Regarding pain's score, in post-operative phase, there's no significant association between two groups regarding pain score (p = 0.394). Also regarding postoperative anxiety scores, patients who received education showed a significant decrease in the levels of anxiety (mean = 43.56, standard deviation = 6.65), while the control group recorded slightly higher mean scores (mean = 49.00, standard deviation = 7.30), with (p = 0.004).
Postoperatively, the comparison of functional ability items between both groups weren't significant between all individual items and the total functional score, with all p-values exceeding 0.05.
For the associated factors, the results showed that for postoperative anxiety, the marital status was statistically significant (p = 0.039), with widowed participants reporting higher anxiety (mean = 55.25). Also history of cardiac catheterization had a significant impact on anxiety (p = 0.042), with patients with a previous catheterization reporting lower anxiety scores (mean = 45.32).
Also cardiac catheterization's history was the only variable that significantly affected postoperative functional capacity (p = 0.023), with those who had undergone previous catheterization scoring higher in functional capacity (mean = 15.29)
Conclusion: Implementing organized education program could positively affect the clinical outcomes such as anxiety and functional ability among patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft.