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Browsing History by Author "Ameena Omar Noor"

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    The Social, Economic, Religions and Political Conditions Of the Paradise-Promised Ten
    (2007) Ameena Omar Noor; Prof. Jamal Joudeh
    This study investigated the social, economic, religions and political conditions of the Paradise-companies. In the study, it was found all the paradise-promised ten had belonged socially to Koreish a-Nadhr Ben Qinana whose lineage goes to Mudher, Lady of Northern Arabs. Of the ten, nine belonged to Koreish at Bittar and one to Koreish al-Thawaher (Abu Obaidah Amer Ben al-Jarrah). It was also found that two of them were gentlemen of Koreish Banu Abd Manaf. They were namely Ali and Othman another two were from Tayem. They were Abu Bakr and Talha Two more gentlemen hailed from Bani Zahra. They were Abdel Rahman and Sa'd. one descended from Bani Assad Ben Abdel Aziz. He was e-Zubair. Two more, namely Omar and Sa'id, belonged to Bani Udai Ben Qa'b. The last one, Abu Ubaida, hailed from Bani al-Harith Ben Fahr. The parents of all these had also been masters of their tribes in the Jahili era. Undoubtedly, the ten men's early embrace of Islam and their important role in the da'wa (call) had raised their social status in Mecca, first, and second among the Muslims. Against this background, the majority of these companions had engaged in commerce before and after convert to Islam. The advent of Islam contributed to the increase of their wealth by expanding their commercial potentials or ownership of piences of property (land). They also benefited from the Holy War campaigns and conquests, to increase their wealth. In the early period of Islam, they were prominent Muslim businessmen. The study also revealed that the ten were among the first to embrace Islam. Some of them had emigrated to el-Habasha (Ethiopia). Later, they all immigrated to Medina; they also participated in the prophet wars with the enemies. They were also his advisors. The majority of them consolidated their financial potentials in the service of the Islamic da'wa. For example, they spent their money to emancipate the weak and oppressed people who embraced Islam. They also supported financially jihad operations and generously provided charities to the poor Muslims. In so doing, they were always the first to sacrifice for the sake of Islam. Given their strong record, they were qualified to play a leading role in Islam. Four of them were caliphs. Another four belonged to shura authority (consultative/ representational form of government) and were potential candidates to lead the nation. The ten, undoubtedly succeeded to build the state of Islam, strengthen its pillars after the death of the prophet Mohammed. They eliminated the ridda (apostasy) movement and encouraged Muslims to go for jihad and build the state of the caliphate. However, this role had them involved in a way or another in the events of the first fitna (strife) and also threw them into internal struggle for power, thus negatively affecting Islamic thought. All the people, in the wake of the fitna, began to politicize religion, thus leading to division of the nation of Islam. According to Islamic tradition, the ten were promised of paradise by the Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him). This comes in full harmony with their esteem, status and Islamic role. However, the most perplexing question remains: why were they all from Koreish or from the muhajireen (emigrants)?