Plant Production

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/3214

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Browsing Plant Production by Author "Dr. Munqez Shtaya"

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    Identification Of Resistant Sources To Leaf Rust and Powdery Mildew Disease in Oats
    (2011) Omar Issam Abed Allah Abu Baker; Dr. Munqez Shtaya
    A collection of 120 different accessions of oats from different countries in the region were kindly provided by the National Small Grains Collection, Idaho (NSGC), USA. A local wild accession collected from the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture at Tulkarm, Palestine was used as a susceptible control. The main objectives of this study are to find new sources of resistance to oat leaf rust, and powdery mildew and to characterize the resistance to rust in oats under controlled conditions to study the components of resistance to the macroscopic level. During the 2008-2009 growing season the susceptible local accession (control accession) showed 56% DS (100% AUDPC) of powdery mildew. DS ranged from very high to very low, and the frequently distribution was markedly skewed towards low DS. During the same growing season the susceptible local accession (control accession) showed 48% DS (100% AUDPC) of rust. DS of rust ranged from very high to very low, and the frequently distribution was markedly skewed towards low DS. Nearly half of the collection displayed AUDPC < 50%. Thirteen of them, with AUDPC ≤ 20% (10.8% of the collection), were selected to study their reaction to leaf rust at seedling stage. These resistant accessions were selected and grown in the field to obtain seeds for further studies.
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    Phenotypic characterization of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) landraces grown in Palestine
    (2012) Talal Hassan Mosa Al Barri; Dr. Munqez Shtaya
    This study was conducted to investigate the morphological and agronomical variations and the level of resistance to leaf rust Uromyces visiae - faba among nineteen Palestinian faba bean (Vicia faba L.) landraces. And analyze their traits including: days to flowering, days to fruit setting, plant height, number of branches on main stem, lowest pod height, pod length, pod width, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and total pod weight per plant were studied. Leaf rust severity calculated as the percentage of leaves covered by the pathogens was estimated three times during the growing season. Significant differences were observed among genotypes for all characters. The nineteen faba bean lines were clustered into four groups based on six morphological and agronomic traits (pod length, pod width, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and total pod weight per plant). Several genotypes could be considered as promising material for pod production. A significant variation of leaf rust disease severity was observed. Accession VF-13 showed the lowest disease severity (18%), but VF-6 showed the highest disease severity (69%) while the control (susceptible genotype) showed 59.7%. These accessions could be used as a valuable source for leaf rust resistance. Further studies are needed to compare the productivity of these genotypes with international varieties and identify QTL controlling the productivity of these genotypes and to study the variation between and within these genotypes at the molecular level.
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    Resistance of Some Tomato Species to Orobanche Aegyptiaca (Comparative study)
    (2012) Mohammad Suleiman Sawafta; Dr. Munqez Shtaya
    Abstract This study was conducted to compare the level of resistance to Orobanche aegyptiaca in a collection of wild and cultivated tomato in open field. Sixty tomato accessions (Lycopersicon spp.) and one commercial variety ‘Samara’ were used. The experiment was conducted in Jenin District, Palestine during the 2009 growing season. The experiment was performed in the framework of a complete randomized block design (CRBD), with three replicates. Two plants from each variety per replicate were transplanted into open field by the 20th of April 2009. No artificial inoculation with broomrape seed was done at the time of transplanting since the field known to be heavily infected with broomrape from the previous growing season when the farmer was planted it with the same commercial tomato (Samara). Three traits were studied including days to first appearance of Orobanche, Weakness of tomato plants (vegetative growth) and number of emerged Orobanche per tomato plant. Moderate levels of resistance were found in some species of Lycopersicon. The susceptible tomato check was infected uniformly across the plot with emerged broomrape plants ranging from 5.8 to 6.4 shoots per tomato plant. Broomrape infection on the sixty tomato accessions used in the experiment ranged from 3.8 to 9.2, with an average of 5.7 emerged shoots per host plant compared with the susceptible tomato check, with an average of 6 emerged broomrape shoots per plant. The accessions were divided into three clusters, the first one composed of 22 accessions, the second one composed of 32 accessions and the third cluster composed of 7 accessions. Each cluster was distinguished by one or more of the measured parameters. Accessions within the first cluster could be considered as the most resistant accessions in the collection since the average number of Orobanche shoots per tomato plant was low (4.49) and at the same time tomato plants were very strong (weaknesses value = 2.26). Further histological studies to understand the mechanism of resistance in these accessions would be advisable.