THERMALLY BONDED COMPOSITE FORM PALM TREE WASTES: PRPEARTION AND APPLICATION IN WASTEWATER PURIFICATION FROM TOXIC METALS
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Date
2024-06-10
Authors
Issa, Sarah
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
An-Najah National University
Abstract
Water is crucial for life on earth planet. Excessive inorganic and organic chemicals used in varies sectors such as agriculture, industry, household or other, can make the situation worse regarding pollutants in wastewater. Pharmaceuticals, paints, household chemicals, microorganisms, personal care products, plumbing chemicals, and other waste contaminants are common in sewage water. Heavy metal ions are among the most hurtful of these pollutants since they are nonbiodegradable and show long lasting effects, in addition to the high toxicity metals have even at ppm concentration. As a result, removing these hazardous heavy metal ions from water is becoming essential.
The main goal of this work is to develop a process for converting palm tree waste to value added material with ionic functional groups and use for removing toxic chemicals from wastewater.
Palm waste collected from Jerico areal in Palestine was ground, purified form soluble materials by Soxhelt extraction. The main three components of the waste are cellulose, lignin and hemicelluloses. All the three macromolecules have hydroxyl groups on their repeat units. The macromolecules were reacted as a mixture with sodium chloroacetate in an alkaline medium. The reaction introduced a carboxyl pendant on the three macromolecules. To reduce the extractives, the carboxymethylated polymers were thermally fused by heating them in an oven at 160 oC. The produced crosslinked composite was then used in wastewater purification form metal ions.
The Thermally cured composite was characterized using FT-IR and Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The FT-IR results indicate the formation of the target composite, and the SEM showed a porous structure with hollow fiber. The composite was used for removing toxic metal ions for contaminated water. The effect of various parameters such as initial metal ion concentration, pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage and contact time were studied as parameters affecting the adsorption of metal ions by the target polymer. Co(II) was used as a model ion, the highest metal ions removal was obtained at pH of 8 with a Co(II) concentration of 40 ppm, adsorbent dosage of 40 mg, and contact time of 30 min. The optimum extraction temperature was determined to be about 25◦C. The adsorption process follows second-order adsorption kinetics model and thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic since as the temperature increases the absorption efficiency dropped.
Waste from palm tree was successfully converted to a composite with ionic functional group and used in removal of toxic metal ions from wastewater. The composite showed excellent efficiency toward all metal ions present in a real sample of wastewater.