BIOBASED POLURETHANE FOAM PREPARATION WITH CATIONIC AND ANAIOIC RECEPTORS: DESIGN SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION IN WASTEWATER PURIFICATION
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Date
2025-09-30
Authors
Abu Leil, Bahia
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Publisher
An-Najah National University
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in drinking water can harm organs and is a major cause of cancer and other serious conditions. Metal- and dye-binding polymers are effective in adsorbing and removing dyes and toxic metals from water. This study aims to synthesize a range of bio-foam polymers featuring diverse functional groups and polymer architectures, with the objective of evaluating their efficacy in removing dyes and heavy metals from contaminated water. Furthermore, a protocol was established for the extraction of these metals and dyes from solution.
Bio-foam polymers were prepared, and cellulose was used as a bio-based polymer. Four polymers with several coordination sites for metal ions and dye adsorption from sewage were synthesized. Efficiency of adsorption was studied for Cd(II) and methylene blue dye was investigated as a function of adsorbent dose, concentration temperature, pH, and time. The optimum parameters with highest adsorption efficiency were determined. The polymer on foam form were prepared from cellulose using a method composed of several steps. The first step involves cellulose oxidation to cellulose aldehyde using 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)/sodium hypochlorite in alkaline medium to produced cellulose aldehyde which was reacted with cysteine to produce cellulose functionalized with amin acid functional group (Cell-Cs-H) which then crosslinked with 1,6-hexamethylenedisiocayante and 1,4-pehenylenediisocyanate to produce cellulose based foam with amino acid functionality Cell-Cs-H and Cell-CS-P, respectively. The produce form then converted to zwitterionic polymers by reacting them with 1,3-proane sultone to produce Cell-Cs-H-S and Cell-Cs-P-S, respectively. All polymers were analyzed by FTIR, SEM, and TGA. All polymers showed excellent efficiency toward methylene blue and methyl orange dyes in addition to metal ions. The diversity and frequency of the coordination was the reason for the high extraction efficiency of the foams, it was almost quantitative for both dyes and metal ions, especially for foams with zwitterionic functionality. The thermodynamic analysis results (The Gibbs energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0), and entropy (ΔS0) were calculated) supported the spontaneous adsorption efficiency of the polymer at room temperature. The kinetic study revealed that the metal ion and dye adsorption by polymers was pseudo-second order and followed the Langmuir isotherm model.