The Effect of Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet and Low Fat Content on The Glycaemic Control and Quality of Life in a Group of Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Pilot Study
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Date
2018-05-29
Authors
Sa'ad Aldin, Khaleel
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Khaleel Abdel Latif Khaleel Sa'ad Aldin
Abstract
Background: Chronic diseases including diabetes are of high concern in the Palestinian community as they became the major cause of death. Life style such as diet is a modifiable risk factor that may play a major role to alleviate diabetes’ mortality and morbidity.
Material and Methods:
First study: Fifteen diabetic patients aged 50.9 6.5 years who were diagnosed with diabetes at least 5.0 months ago participated in a pilot study for 12 weeks to assess the effect of whole-food, plant-based diet on their diabetes features. Participants were 2 females and 13 males with the following baseline measurements (meansSD); 30.2 5.2 kg/m2, 189.2 77.2mg/dL and 9.4 2.5% for body mass index [BMI], fasting blood glucose [FBG] and HbA1c respectively. There was no restriction on the energy and protein intake came from plant sources however, processed and refined food items were restricted.
Second study: Two matching groups of DM patients were recruited to assess their quality of life. The first one is the intervention group (IG) from the first study, included 15 patients, was assigned to whole-grain food plant based diet for 12 weeks with no medication to DM. The second one was a control matching group (CG), of 15 patients, was assigned to conventional diet and medications to DM.
At the end of follow up period both groups filled WHO Qol-bref questionnaire which contained 4 domains; Physical, psychological, social and environmental.
Results: First study: Participant’s adherence to the dietary programme on a scale of 0 -10 was 8 1.5. Their endpoint BMI, FBG and HbA1c were 28.7 4.3 kg/m2, 102.9 19.6 mg/dL and 6.15 0.8 %, respectively.
Weight loss was significantly correlated with baseline body weight, baseline BMI and time since diagnosis with diabetes. While Baseline FBG was correlated with baseline and endpoint HbA1c [p<0.01], However, it was not significantly correlated with endpoint body weight [p<0.08] and BMI [p<0.018].
Second study: The results of WHO qol-bref for the intervention group have shown improvements in all 4 domains of the questionnaire regarding quality of life in comparison to the control group of patients with diabetes and taking regular medications. Physical domain average scores were 57.7 point (±11.9) and 65.6 point (±5.4) for control and intervention groups respectively. Psychological domain average scores were 42.9 point (±17.2) and 64.8 point (±6.6) for control and intervention groups respectively. Social domain average scores were 39.8 point (±17.4) and 72.6 point (±14.4) for control and intervention groups respectively and environmental domain average scores were 52.3 point (±12.9) and 60.5 point (±7.5) for control and intervention groups respectively. All domains’ results were significantly different (p<0.01 for domain 2 and 0.05 for domains 1, 3 and 4).
Conclusion: This study has shown that management of anthropometric parameters (weight and BMI) through diet, such as whole-food, plant-based diet, has resulted in a significant reduction in diabetes parameters such as FBG and HbA1c. In addition to improvement in patient’s quality of life.
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The Effect of Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet and Low Fat Content on The Glycaemic Control and Quality of Life in a Group of Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Pilot Study