THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF CRITICAL-CARE PAIN OBSERVATION TOOL (CPOT) IN ASSESSING PAIN IN THE ADULT CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS
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Date
2025-12-01
Authors
Eid, Aya Waleed Ali
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Publisher
An-Najah National University
Abstract
Background: Critically ill patients frequently cannot self-report their pain, which poses a challenge since self-reporting is considered the most reliable indicator of pain. To address this issue, the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) was created specifically for assessing pain in this patient population.
Objectives: The findings reported by Gelinas et al. (2006) are replicated in this study. This study used CPOT to evaluate the interrater reliability (IRR), discriminant validity (DV), and criterion validity (CV) of the CPOT.
Methodology: This quantitative study employed a repeated measures design with a convenience sample of 50 postoperative open-heart surgery patients who received medical care at An-Najah National University Hospital (NNUH), Specialised Arab Hospital, and Specialised Nablus Hospital in Nablus, Palestine. The research duration extended from November 2022 untill December 2025.
Results: The IRR testing for this sample revealed a spectrum of results ranging from fair to perfect, suggesting that while the instrument's IRR is generally acceptable, it varies. DV testing highlighted a significant difference in average scores between nociceptive (painful) and non-nociceptive (non-painful) procedures. CV testing demonstrated moderate to strong significant correlations between patient self-reports and CPOT scores, confirming successful validation of criterion validity.
Conclusion: This replication study reinforces the construct validity, discriminant validity, and internal reliability of the CPOT instrument in evaluating pain among open-heart surgery patients, aligning with the reproducibility of findings from the Gelinas reference study. It also builds on previous research investigating the CPOT's psychometric properties and aids in advancing its implementation in clinical practice.
Keywords: pain; nociceptive; non-nociceptive; CPOT; reliability; validity; intensive care unit.