Mechanical Systems Design for Al-Bahrain Hospital
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Date
2012
Authors
Faheem Shadid
Wajdi Okal
Husam Odeh
Letham Bagdadi
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Abstract
The aim of this project is to design installation of heating, ventilation and air condition system HVAC and also the other mechanical systems (plumping and fire fighting ) for ( AL- Bahrain hospital ) which is located at Ramallah city/Palestine and consist of four floors and these floors contain operation room, ICUs rooms, patient rooms and many other applications. HVAC is important in the design of medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers even hospitals, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors. The primary requirement of the heating, ventilating and air conditioning HVAC systems in a medical facility is the support of medical function and the assurance of occupant health, comfort, and safety. The HVAC system functions not only to maintain minimum requirements of comfort and ventilation, but is an essential tool for the control of infection, removal of noxious odors, dilution and expelling of contaminants, and establishment of special environmental conditions conducive to medical procedures and patient healing. According to the above, appropriate consideration shall be given to the HVAC design to ensure system maintainability, economics and energy efficiency, and adaptability to future facility modification or expansion. Many requirements must be taken in the building structure to provide the previous benefits of the HVAC system .First providing a insulation systems for various hospital walls and windows that will reduce the amount of heat loss into the building. This habitual be established with the construction of the building including the development of insulation material and spaces inside the walls and the selection of quality glass where the heat transfer through it can be reduced. Second providing appropriate adjustment temperature and moisture in absent of adores, and re able to purify the air inside the building so that the atmosphere inside the building suitable for patient healthy stable and relax. In addition adjustment to the hospital devises in order to protect them from damage and give accurate results and therefore accurate treatment. Third existing of fire alarm system and fire fighting to keep the hospital safe from fire this system is very essential to provide early detection of the fire and extinguished in its initial stages. The following patient care areas for hospitals have been identified by reputable authority as "Critical Care Areas" where patients may be subjected to invasive procedures and connected to line-operated electro-medical devices: a. Operating room. b. Recovery (surgery, and labor recovery beds). c. Intensive care unit (ICU). d. Isolation room.Building locationCountry: Palestine, Ramallah city Latitude: 31.54 N Longitude: 35.12 E Elevation: 870 m above sea level. Wind's speed in Ramallah is about 5 m/s above. Building face sits at the West orientation. Inside conditions refers to parameters like temperature, humidity, air purity and air speed. Taking in consideration minimum consumption of energy.Thereare several factors that control of selection of the inside design conditions and expenditure of energy to maintain those conditions: 1. The outside design condition. 2. The period of occupancy of the conditional space. 3. The level of activity of the occupants in conditional space. 4. The type of building and its use. The inside parameters consider with respect to the ASHRAE code that refers to the medical buildings like hospitals s New n'xyx/span> Its fruit, also called the olive, is of major agricultural importance in the Mediterranean region as the source of olive oil. The tree and its fruit give its name to the plant family, which also includes species such as lilacs, jasmine, Forsythia and the true ash trees (Fraxinus). The word derives from Latin olva which in turn comes from the Greek (elaa) ultimately from Mycenaean Greek ("elaiva"). The word 'oil' in multiple languages ultimately derives from the name of this tree and its fruit. The olive tree, Olea europaea, is an evergreen tree or shrub native to the Mediterranean, Asia and Africa. It is short and squat, and rarely exceeds 815 metres (2649 ft) in height. The silvery green leaves are oblong in shape, measuring 410 centimetres (1.63.9 in) long and 13 centimetres (0.391.2 in) wide. The trunk is typically gnarled and twisted. Grinding Grinding: is an abrasive machining process that uses a grinding wheel as the cutting tool. A wide variety of machines are used for grinding: Hand-cranked knife-sharpening stones (grindstones) Handheld power tools such as angle grinders and die grinders Various kinds of expensive industrial machine tools called grinding machines Principle of Grinding Machine Every grinding operation can be described as a machining process with an undefined cutting edge because the angle of cut is in the range from about ( -45 to -80 ) , depending on the abrasive used (type of grain) and the conditions of use. Machining is not done here by only one cutter, as in processes with a defined cutting edge (milling, turning, `broaching etc.), but by a usually unknown number of individual cutters simultaneously. The effective number of cutters is not determined by individual grains, but by the conditioning (dressing and profiling). An indeterminate number of tiny individual cutters is formed on a single grain by chipping of the grain during conditioning, depending on the grain size, the conditioning tool and the conditioning parameters. There are many problems that faced us : In the Metal Mesh Design: The problem is how to design the cylindrical shape from the mesh?. In the Cutting Tools Design: The problem is how to make a complete grinding for the olive grains? In Screw Conveyor Design: The problem is how to install it in the specific place without Influence on the sharp blades (triangular cutting tools)? In the Ball Bearing Design: The problem is how to select a suitable bearing that carries a desired load without fracture.