Mechanical Engineering

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/10117

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 251

Design and fabrication of a pilot wind turbine
(2025-07-14) Qusay Mansour; Qais Awartani; Akram Alkhateeb; Waseem Ishtayeh
In response to the growing demand for clean energy and the global shift toward sustainable development, this project presents the design, fabrication, and feasibility analysis of a Savonius vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT), designed for the wind conditions in Nassariyah, Palestine. The turbine features an S-shaped rotor design designed using SolidWorks, with key geometric parameters—such as aspect ratio, overlap ratio, and endplate dimensions—optimized based on a comprehensive literature review. The system was physically fabricated and field-tested, demonstrating promising performance at rotation speeds of up to 1,500 rpm under moderate wind speeds. Economically, the turbine generates an annual net return of NIS 4,884, with a payback period of only 2.6 years, resulting in a net profit of NIS 84,680 over a 20-year lifespan. This study highlights the feasibility of small-scale wind energy systems in rural Palestinian areas, offering a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution to the region's energy challenges.
Design and Optimization of a Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic/Diesel Energy System Using HOMER Software
(2025-07-06) Abdullah Ammar; Hamza Aker; Hussam Ezzat
Project’s Abstract: Energy access in Palestine faces serious challenges due to political instability, high dependency on imported electricity, and limited local energy resources. The West Bank has an abundance of solar potential, but it is not yet entirely utilized. In order to provide a dependable, economical, and sustainable energy solution, this study explores the design and optimization of a hybrid solar photovoltaic (SPV) and diesel generator (DG) system for the Palestinian Museum in Ramallah. The objective is to use HOMER and PVsyst software to assess the hybrid system's technical, financial, and environmental feasibility. Based on real energy consumption data, sun irradiance, and system component specifications, these tools made simulation and performance analysis possible. In order to model a 230 kWp grid-connected PV system, 576 modules and inverters with a combined output of 220 kWac were used. The diesel generator was used in times of solar shortages because the PV system was not built with battery storage. It was also utilized when the grid was unavailable. The system can generate 364,653 kWh yearly, according to PVsyst results, with a performance ratio of 80.84%. Strong economic viability is demonstrated by the system's low levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of 0.0307 USD/kWh, 3.2-year payback period, and internal rate of return of 31.33%. In terms of the environment, the system lowers CO₂ emissions by about 394.7 tons per year. These results were confirmed by HOMER simulations, which found that the PV/Grid system had the lowest COE at 0.0835 USD/kWh, while the PV/40 kW DG hybrid system provided reduced emissions and increased reliability with an 83% solar energy ratio compared to diesel-only options. A renewable energy fraction of 84.8% was achieved by the hybrid arrangement, highlighting the financial and environmental benefits of greater solar integration. By offering an affordable and appropriate hybrid renewable system model, this study helps close the energy gaps in Palestine and promotes resilience, energy independence, and long-term sustainability in areas challenged by conflict and a lack of energy. Keywords: Solar photovoltaic, Hybrid system, HOMER, Solar Photo-Voltaic, Diesel Generator, Solar/Diesel hybrid energy, Palestine.
Design and Optimization of a Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic/Diesel Energy System Using HOMER Software Submitted
(2025-06-24) Abdullah Ammar; Hamza Aker; Hussam Ezzat
Project’s Abstract: Energy access in Palestine faces serious challenges due to political instability, high dependency on imported electricity, and limited local energy resources. The West Bank has an abundance of solar potential, but it is not yet entirely utilized. In order to provide a dependable, economical, and sustainable energy solution, this study explores the design and optimization of a hybrid solar photovoltaic (SPV) and diesel generator (DG) system for the Palestinian Museum in Ramallah. The objective is to use HOMER and PVsyst software to assess the hybrid system's technical, financial, and environmental feasibility. Based on real energy consumption data, sun irradiance, and system component specifications, these tools made simulation and performance analysis possible. In order to model a 230 kWp grid-connected PV system, 576 modules and inverters with a combined output of 220 kWac were used. The diesel generator was used in times of solar shortages because the PV system was not built with battery storage. It was also utilized when the grid was unavailable. The system can generate 364,653 kWh yearly, according to PVsyst results, with a performance ratio of 80.84%. Strong economic viability is demonstrated by the system's low levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of 0.0307 USD/kWh, 3.2-year payback period, and internal rate of return of 31.33%. In terms of the environment, the system lowers CO₂ emissions by about 394.7 tons per year. These results were confirmed by HOMER simulations, which found that the PV/Grid system had the lowest COE at 0.0835 USD/kWh, while the PV/40 kW DG hybrid system provided reduced emissions and increased reliability with an 83% solar energy ratio compared to diesel-only options. A renewable energy fraction of 84.8% was achieved by the hybrid arrangement, highlighting the financial and environmental benefits of greater solar integration. By offering an affordable and appropriate hybrid renewable system model, this study helps close the energy gaps in Palestine and promotes resilience, energy independence, and long-term sustainability in areas challenged by conflict and a lack of energy. Keywords: Solar photovoltaic, Hybrid system, HOMER, Solar Photo-Voltaic, Diesel Generator, Solar/Diesel hybrid energy, Palestine.
Integrating Arduino Technology for Efficient Geothermal Heat Pump Management
(2025-02-20) Ahmed Assaf; Hani Balati
Abstract The increasing demand for sustainable and energy-efficient solutions in the heating and cooling sector highlights the importance of this project. Integrating geothermal heat pumps with solar panels, controlled by an Arduino and enhanced with a MOSFET for efficient pump regulation, represents a cutting-edge approach to leveraging renewable energy resources for reducing carbon footprints and operational costs in residential and commercial buildings. This project stands out due to its innovative blend of technologies that harness the Earth's natural thermal energy and solar power, demonstrating a forward-thinking solution to climate change and energy consumption challenges. The project is significant as it encapsulates the intersection of renewable energy technology and smart automation to create a highly efficient, sustainable heating and cooling system. Its significance lies in its potential to significantly reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity costs, and provide a scalable model for future green infrastructure projects. By employing an Arduino-based control system with integrated temperature, current, and voltage sensors, it enables precise real-time monitoring and energy optimization. Key aspects include system integration for sustainability, Arduino-based smart control, efficient pump management using MOSFETs, environmental impact analysis, and economic viability assessment. The objectives are to design an integrated sustainable system, develop intelligent control algorithms, demonstrate environmental benefits, and assess cost-effectiveness. The methodology involves system design, Arduino programming, prototype testing under real-world conditions in Arrabeh, Palestine, and performance analysis. This project is the first of its kind to combine these technologies, making the solution more sustainable, energy-efficient, and impactful
Extrusion process using finite element analyses
(2025-02-17) Othman Kittani; Rafeq Abd Alhafez; Mohammad Irshaid; Hamza Mashaqi
Abstract This study employs Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using ABAQUS/CAE to investigate the hot direct extrusion process, with a focus on deformation mechanics, applied forces, and the interplay of critical parameters such as temperature, die angles, profile radius, coefficient of friction , and material properties. The research bridges analytical methodologies from manufacturing theory with advanced numerical simulations to validate the predictive accuracy of FEA in industrial applications. A comparative analysis of AA6061 aluminum and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys underscores the influence of material behavior on extrusion forces, product integrity, and residual material retention. A comprehensive field visit to NAPCO (National Aluminum & Profile Company) in Palestine provided empirical insights into industrial extrusion workflows, including billet preparation, die design, and post-processing treatments. Numerical simulations explored the effects of die geometry (semi-die angles, fillet radii) and interfacial friction on stress distribution, temperature gradients, and deformation homogeneity. Results revealed that elevated temperatures reduce flow stress in AA6061, while optimal die angles (45°–60°) and increased fillet radii (10–20 mm) mitigate contact pressure by up to 67%, enhancing material flow efficiency. For Ti-6Al-4V, strain rate sensitivity was pronounced, with higher rates amplifying stress concentrations near die interfaces. This work validates FEA outcomes against theoretical models and industrial benchmarks, offering actionable strategies to optimize extrusion parameters, minimize operational costs, and improve product performance. By integrating computational rigor with practical manufacturing insights, the study advances the application of FEA in metal-forming industries.

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