Mechanical Engineering

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/10117

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Design and Optimization of a Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic/Diesel Energy System Using HOMER Software Submitted
(2025-06-24) Abdullah Ammar; Hamza Aker; Hussam Ezzat
Project’s Abstract: Energy access in Palestine faces serious challenges due to political instability, high dependency on imported electricity, and limited local energy resources. The West Bank has an abundance of solar potential, but it is not yet entirely utilized. In order to provide a dependable, economical, and sustainable energy solution, this study explores the design and optimization of a hybrid solar photovoltaic (SPV) and diesel generator (DG) system for the Palestinian Museum in Ramallah. The objective is to use HOMER and PVsyst software to assess the hybrid system's technical, financial, and environmental feasibility. Based on real energy consumption data, sun irradiance, and system component specifications, these tools made simulation and performance analysis possible. In order to model a 230 kWp grid-connected PV system, 576 modules and inverters with a combined output of 220 kWac were used. The diesel generator was used in times of solar shortages because the PV system was not built with battery storage. It was also utilized when the grid was unavailable. The system can generate 364,653 kWh yearly, according to PVsyst results, with a performance ratio of 80.84%. Strong economic viability is demonstrated by the system's low levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of 0.0307 USD/kWh, 3.2-year payback period, and internal rate of return of 31.33%. In terms of the environment, the system lowers CO₂ emissions by about 394.7 tons per year. These results were confirmed by HOMER simulations, which found that the PV/Grid system had the lowest COE at 0.0835 USD/kWh, while the PV/40 kW DG hybrid system provided reduced emissions and increased reliability with an 83% solar energy ratio compared to diesel-only options. A renewable energy fraction of 84.8% was achieved by the hybrid arrangement, highlighting the financial and environmental benefits of greater solar integration. By offering an affordable and appropriate hybrid renewable system model, this study helps close the energy gaps in Palestine and promotes resilience, energy independence, and long-term sustainability in areas challenged by conflict and a lack of energy. Keywords: Solar photovoltaic, Hybrid system, HOMER, Solar Photo-Voltaic, Diesel Generator, Solar/Diesel hybrid energy, Palestine.
Integrating Arduino Technology for Efficient Geothermal Heat Pump Management
(2025-02-20) Ahmed Assaf; Hani Balati
Abstract The increasing demand for sustainable and energy-efficient solutions in the heating and cooling sector highlights the importance of this project. Integrating geothermal heat pumps with solar panels, controlled by an Arduino and enhanced with a MOSFET for efficient pump regulation, represents a cutting-edge approach to leveraging renewable energy resources for reducing carbon footprints and operational costs in residential and commercial buildings. This project stands out due to its innovative blend of technologies that harness the Earth's natural thermal energy and solar power, demonstrating a forward-thinking solution to climate change and energy consumption challenges. The project is significant as it encapsulates the intersection of renewable energy technology and smart automation to create a highly efficient, sustainable heating and cooling system. Its significance lies in its potential to significantly reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity costs, and provide a scalable model for future green infrastructure projects. By employing an Arduino-based control system with integrated temperature, current, and voltage sensors, it enables precise real-time monitoring and energy optimization. Key aspects include system integration for sustainability, Arduino-based smart control, efficient pump management using MOSFETs, environmental impact analysis, and economic viability assessment. The objectives are to design an integrated sustainable system, develop intelligent control algorithms, demonstrate environmental benefits, and assess cost-effectiveness. The methodology involves system design, Arduino programming, prototype testing under real-world conditions in Arrabeh, Palestine, and performance analysis. This project is the first of its kind to combine these technologies, making the solution more sustainable, energy-efficient, and impactful
Extrusion process using finite element analyses
(2025-02-17) Othman Kittani; Rafeq Abd Alhafez; Mohammad Irshaid; Hamza Mashaqi
Abstract This study employs Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using ABAQUS/CAE to investigate the hot direct extrusion process, with a focus on deformation mechanics, applied forces, and the interplay of critical parameters such as temperature, die angles, profile radius, coefficient of friction , and material properties. The research bridges analytical methodologies from manufacturing theory with advanced numerical simulations to validate the predictive accuracy of FEA in industrial applications. A comparative analysis of AA6061 aluminum and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys underscores the influence of material behavior on extrusion forces, product integrity, and residual material retention. A comprehensive field visit to NAPCO (National Aluminum & Profile Company) in Palestine provided empirical insights into industrial extrusion workflows, including billet preparation, die design, and post-processing treatments. Numerical simulations explored the effects of die geometry (semi-die angles, fillet radii) and interfacial friction on stress distribution, temperature gradients, and deformation homogeneity. Results revealed that elevated temperatures reduce flow stress in AA6061, while optimal die angles (45°–60°) and increased fillet radii (10–20 mm) mitigate contact pressure by up to 67%, enhancing material flow efficiency. For Ti-6Al-4V, strain rate sensitivity was pronounced, with higher rates amplifying stress concentrations near die interfaces. This work validates FEA outcomes against theoretical models and industrial benchmarks, offering actionable strategies to optimize extrusion parameters, minimize operational costs, and improve product performance. By integrating computational rigor with practical manufacturing insights, the study advances the application of FEA in metal-forming industries.
Cement replacement for concrete mixture containing 4% pyrolysis carbon black
(2024-09-11) Mohammad asaad; Ali Barahme; Afnan Hmeiadan
Abstract: This research aims to replace the cement for concrete mixture containing 4% PCB and to study the concrete properties as compression, slump, friction and absorption tests. The importance of this research is to know the possibility of reducing the amount of cement in concrete mixtures containing 4% PCB with a focus on maintaining the mechanical properties of the concrete mixture. Key words: Concrete, PCB,and CR :cement reduction
Design and Construction of Automatic Demolding Machine for Artificial Stone
(2024-07-21) ehab alfe; Tahseen Odeh; Waled Rashed
ABSTRACT Palestine is witnessing a steady increase in population, which has led to a high demand in the construction sector to meet the population’s needs for housing, restaurants and shops. This of course leads to increased consumption of building materials, including building stone. Natural stone rocks are the main source of stones; however, extracting and processing natural stone is difficult and expensive; for this reason, artificial stone has emerged as a potential alternative to natural stone. Unfortunately, the artificial stone industry still relies on manual labor with minimal process automation; therefore, the production rate is relatively low. To mitigate the challenges of cost and production rate in the artificial stone industry, it is necessary to automate the production processes in this sector; in particular, automating the demolding process. Since the cost of imported automatic demolding machines is high, it would be less expensive to manufacture such a machine locally. In this project, an automated demolding machine is designed; the machine consists of four main blocks: stone feeding, stone demolding, stone unloading, and mold spraying. All blocks and parts were designed using the SolidWorks software, and a simulation of the machine’s working stages was carried out. Moreover, to prove the concept of demolding by vibration, a prototype of the vibrator (which is the demolding block) was manufactured in collaboration with the Al-Talawi Factory in Nablus. Finally, a preliminary financial analysis was conducted to compare manual demolding cost versus automatic demolding cost to prove the feasibility of automating the process.

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