CHEMICAL DERIVATIZATION OF NORETHINDRONE BASED ON CLICK REACTION FOR NOVEL ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT
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Date
2023-06-25
Authors
Rawan Saymeh
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Abstract
Abstract
Norethindrone is a synthetic progestin, which mimics female natural progesterone's effects but with a greater potency. Norethindrone-only progestin pill is mainly used as birth control pills by increasing uterine lining thinning and cervical mucus thickening. It is also used as hormonal replacement therapy alongside other steroidal hormones in treating conditions caused by abnormal hormonal levels. Norethindrone has significant dose-limiting properties, resulting in a small therapeutic window. Consequently, there is a need for analytical methods that allow for effective and reliable measurements of norethindrone. The adapted analytical methods must have enough sensitivity, selectivity, or both in order to evaluate different chemical processes more easily and accurately. One of the adaptive strategies utilized in chemical derivatization involves converting functional groups within a molecule. In this thesis, we made a proposal to create a novel analytical technique for norethindrone’s chemical derivatization. This was accomplished by using a click reaction with an azide-conjugated alkyne, which produced a five-membered heterocycle ring (1,2,3-triazole) and an extended conjugation. Our goal was to create a sensitive and selective analytical method. The analytical method has been created using HPLC with a UV/Vis detector and validated using parameters like accuracy, linearity, range, precision, Limit of detection, and Limit of quantitation in accordance with the ICH and the FDA's guidelines. The developed method adapted λmax= 245 nm for the measurement of the derivatized norethindrone. The method used HPLC using mobile phase MeOH-Water 60:40 v/v. The eluted peak of the derivatized norethindrone was separated from other used derivatization reagents. The analytical method was then validated, and validation parameters were found to be within the permitted limits. The developed method proved to be linear (R2 = 0.9995), precise (RSD = 1.07), and accurate (% recovery = 106.5%). Moreover, the developed method was sensitive to LOD (2*10-6 mg/ml) and LOQ (2*10-4 mg/ml). Therefore, the developed method is simple and practical and has excellent sensitivity and selectivity. Norethindrone may be analyzed in a variety of dosage forms and raw materials, including active pharmaceutical components. The good sensitivity values of our developed method suggest that it may be applied to analyze norethindrone in biological systems.
Keywords: click chemistry, chemical derivatization, norethindrone, analytical method development, high-performance liquid chromatography.