Pharmacological Effect and Chemical Compositions Variations of the Calamintha fenzlii Essential Oil Collected From Three Regions in
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Date
2020-10-04
Authors
موسى, شيماء بلال صدقي
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
An-Najah National University
Abstract
Background and Objectives
Calamintha fenzlii is a medicinal aromatic plant (MAP) with a pleasant minty fragrance. It is one of the most common MAPs in eastern Mediterranean regions, including Palestine. The objective of the current work was to screen and compare the chemical components and potential pharmacological properties of C. fenzlii essential oils (EOs) collected from three different regions of the West Bank, Palestine.
Methods
The EOs of four C. fenzlii samples were extracted by hydrodistillation. The EO samples were analyzed for chemical constituents using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity was examined by the broth microdilution method. Eleven bacterial strains were tested, including seven Gram-positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus and six samples of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA]) and four Gram-negative strains (Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae), in addition to one fungal strain (Candida albicans).
Results
GC-MS analysis revealed a high percentage of oxygenated components (range 97.54–99.18%) and a small percentage of non oxygenated components (range 0.74–1.64%), with the total identified compounds in each sample ranging from 98.28% to 99.9%. Several components were observed. Menthone was the most abundant component in four samples (range 14.83–93.83%) and pulegone was the most abundant in two samples (range 39.15–79.27%). Four EO samples exhibited broad antimicrobial activity, with three samples showing potent antifungal activity at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from12.5 to 25 µl/ml, while one EO sample from Auja showed resistance to fungi. The sample from Wadiqana showed the highest potency against ATCC strians, with the lowest reported MIC value (12.5µl/ml), whereas the sample from Jnisinia demonstrated the lowest potency against MRSA, with the highest MIC value (50µl/ml). However, all four EO samples showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with MIC values ranging from 12.5 to 50 µl/ml.
Conclusion
This study showed that C. fenzlii EO samples from different regions of Palestine contained different proportions of phytochemicals with different biological activities, particularly antimicrobial activity, in line with the traditional use of C. fenzlii extracts. The plant extracts showed higher antibacterial potency compared to reference plants. Further in vivo studies are required to evaluate the potential pharmacological activity, safety and toxicity of this extract. Also, further studies are needed to isolate, identify and characterize the main components responsible for the potential pharmacological activity of C. fenzlii EO....