Optimization and Scale up of Cellulose Extraction Process From Olive Industry Solid Waste

dc.contributor.advisorProf. Shehdeh Jodeh
dc.contributor.advisorDr. Othman Hamed
dc.contributor.authorShatha Faiez Reda Thiab
dc.date.accessioned2017-05-03T09:32:19Z
dc.date.available2017-05-03T09:32:19Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.description.abstractOlive Industry Solid Waste is the remaining part of the grain of the olive industry after squeezing it, it consists of wood seeds and pulp. The OISW consists of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and extractives. In this work, cellulose the most valuable ingredient of OISW, was extracted in a multistep process. The process begins with pre-hydrolysis stage which opens the OISW structure and makes it more accessible for chemicals. Also in this stage, most of the hemicelluloses materials present in OISW are degraded and dissolve in water. In the prehydrolysis stage, different materials were evaluated and satisfactory results were obtained using water alone. Then OISW was subjected to the pulping process using an aqueous solution of sodium sulfide and sodium hydroxide. In the pulping stage most of the lignin is degraded and removed. The produced pulp was then subjected to a bleaching process to remove residual colored materials. Excellent results were obtained using the bleaching sequence HtPHtEp . The amount obtained form OISW was about 30%. The process was then scaled up to 5 kilograms of OISW using a 20 kilograms reactor. The amount of cellulose obtained was 1.2 kg (24%).The obtained cellulose was evaluated using various analytical and spectroscopic techniques: K-number, Intrinsic Viscosity, Soxhlet Extraction, SEM and FT-IR. The extracted cellulose, was successfully converted into carboxylmethyl cellulose (CMC) by reacting it with sodium hydroxide and chloroacetic acid. CMC is an important cellulose ether, which have wide industrial application particularly in cosmetics, food, detergents, paints and other consumer products. The derivative was analyzed by FT-IR and the degree of substitution was determined. The most important results of this work are: 1- The process of extracting cellulose from the OISW was scaled up to multikilograms. 2- The extracted cellulose was successfully converted into cellulose ether )CMen
dc.description.abstractุงู„ุฌูุช ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠ ู…ู† ุญุจุงุช ุงู„ุฒูŠุชูˆู† ุจุนุฏ ุนุตุฑู‡ุง, ุญูŠุซ ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุจุฐูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ูˆุฃู„ูŠุงู ุงู„ู„ุจ. ุงู„ุฌูุช ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ ูˆุดุจู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠุฌู†ูŠู† ูˆู…ุฑูƒุจุงุชุฃุฎุฑู‰. ุชู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุฅุณุชุฎู„ุงุต ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูุช ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุนุฏุฉ ุฎุทูˆุงุช ูˆู…ุฑุงุญู„.ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุบุณู„ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูุชุญ ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌูุช ูˆุชุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‚ุงุจู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุนุธู… ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุดุจู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูุช ุชุชุญู„ู„ ูˆุชุฐูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก. ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุบุณูŠู„ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ ุชู…ุช ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฌูุช ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุงุก ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฌุฏูˆู‰. ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุฌุฑู‰ ุชุนุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ุฌูุช ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ Pulpin ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ู…ู† ูƒุจุฑูŠุชูŠุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ูˆู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…. ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ Pulping ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู„ูŠุฌู†ูŠู† ูŠุชุญู„ู„ ูˆูŠุฎุชููŠ. ูˆ ุงู„ู„ุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ูŠุชู… ุชุนุฑูŠุถู‡ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุจูŠูŠุถ ู„ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠุฉ. ุฃูุถู„ ูˆุฃุญุณู† ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุชุจูŠูŠุถ ูƒุงู†ุช HtPHtEp. ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎู„ุตุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช 30%. ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุชู… ุฑูุน ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌูุช ุฅู„ู‰ 5 ูƒุบู… ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ูุงุนู„ ู„ู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญู…ู„ 20 ูƒุบู…. ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง 1,2 ูƒุบู… ุฃูŠ ู…ุง ุชุนุงุฏู„ ู†ุณุจุฉ 24%. ูˆ ุชู… ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ุชุญู„ูŠู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุทูŠููŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ: K-numberุŒ IVุŒ ExtractionุŒ SEMุŒFT-IR. ุชู… ุจู†ุฌุงุญ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุฑุจูˆูƒุณูŠ ู…ูŠุซูŠู„ ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุชูุงุนู„ ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ู…ุน ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑูˆุงุณูŠุชูŠูƒ. ูˆูŠุนุฏ ูƒุฑุจูˆูƒุณูŠ ู…ูŠุซูŠู„ ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ ุฃู‡ู… ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ ุฅูŠุซุฑูŠุŒ ู„ู‡ ู…ุฌุงู„ ูˆุงุณุน ููŠ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดู…ู„ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ูŠู„ุŒ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุกุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุธูุงุช, ุฏู‡ุงู†ุงุช ูˆุตู†ุงุนุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰.ุชู… ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… FT-IR ูˆุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„. ูˆุฃู‡ู… ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„: 1- ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑูุน ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณุชุฎู„ุงุต ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒูŠู„ูˆุบุฑุงู…ุงุช. 2- ุชู… ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎู„ุต ุจู†ุฌุงุญ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ ุงู„ุฅูŠุซุฑูŠ(ูƒุฑุจูˆูƒุณูŠ ู…ูŠุซูŠู„ ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ).ar
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/8516
dc.titleOptimization and Scale up of Cellulose Extraction Process From Olive Industry Solid Wasteen
dc.titleุชุญุณูŠู† ูˆุฑูุน ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุฎุฑุงุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฒ ู…ู† ู…ุฎู„ูุงุช ุงู„ุฒูŠุชูˆู† ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ(ุงู„ุฌูุช)ar
dc.typeThesis
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