Study of Land Cover Types In Nablus Area using Satellite Remote Sensing

dc.contributor.advisorDr. Ahmed Ra'fat Ghodieh
dc.contributor.authorManar Mohammad Ahmed Sholi
dc.date.accessioned2017-05-03T09:26:30Z
dc.date.available2017-05-03T09:26:30Z
dc.date.issued2008
dc.description.abstractThis study aimed at providing updated data about the land cover use patterns in the study area using remote sensing technique. It also aimed at analyzing these patterns to produce accurate maps for them using GIS technique to know variations in land use distribution in the study area that comprised Nablus District and some surrounding areas. The total area of the study area is (1142 km2) The study relied on a digital multi spectral satellite image acquired from Spot satellite with a spatial resolution of (20 m) with three optical wavebands namely: green, red, and near red. The image of the study area was classified using the (Envi_4) Remote Sensing software. Image Classification relied on the Gausian Maximum Likelihood Classifier method as one of the supervised classification methods. This required collecting field data from different places in the study area in the form of samples called (Training Areas). In this stage, different small areas were selected to represent different land cover patterns of the area. The radiometric characteristics for these samples were then studied. Thereafter, the 14 samples of training areas that represent 14 patterns of land cover types were projected on the image and were consequently used in classifying the image. Image Classification was carried out by comparing the classification results against selected samples from the field during the fieldwork. The (Overall Accuracy) of the classified image was (75.3 %). This accuracy is moderate. It is recommended to use sufficient number of spectral band to improve classification accuracy. This study came up with several results and conclusions such as the emphasis on the capability of remote sensing technique in producing accurate land use maps. In addition, the study emphasized the important rule of this technique in environments of complicated topographic structures such as mountainous areasŲŒ since they are difficult to be accessed. The study also showed the olive tree as one of the main land cover patterns occupies the highest percentage of the area studied since it is planted in different environments.. The study recommended the use of remote sensing in studying land use change since this technique has the capability of providing updated data on continuous basis. Furthermore, this technique is considered to be as one of the less costly ones in studying large areas. The study also recommends using Spot data to study agricultural areas characterized by small to moderate field size. this reduces the distortion elements that appears when classifying the image. The study finally recommends increasing the training groups to facilitate analysis process of the satellite image.en
dc.description.abstractŲŖŁ‡ŲÆŁ Ł‡Ų°Ł‡ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų© Ų„Ł„Ł‰ ŲŖŲ­Ł„ŁŠŁ„ Ų£Ł†Ł…Ų§Ų· Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲØŲ§ŁŠŁ† ŁŁŠ Ų§Ł„ŲŗŲ·Ų§Ų” Ų§Ł„Ł†ŲØŲ§ŲŖŁŠ Ł„Ł…Ų­Ų§ŁŲøŲ© Ł†Ų§ŲØŁ„Ų³ ŁˆŲ¬ŁˆŲ§Ų±Ł‡Ų§ ŲŒ ŁˆŲ°Ł„Łƒ ŲØŲ§Ų³ŲŖŲ®ŲÆŲ§Ł… ŲŖŁ‚Ł†ŲŖŁŠ Ų§Ł„Ų§Ų³ŲŖŲ“Ų¹Ų§Ų± Ų¹Ł† ŲØŲ¹ŲÆ Remote Sensing)) ŁˆŁ†ŲøŁ… Ų§Ł„Ł…Ų¹Ł„ŁˆŁ…Ų§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„Ų¬ŲŗŲ±Ų§ŁŁŠŲ©. Ų§Ų¹ŲŖŁ…ŲÆŲŖ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų© Ų¹Ł„Ł‰ ŲµŁˆŲ±Ų© ŁŲ¶Ų§Ų¦ŁŠŲ© Ų±Ł‚Ł…ŁŠŲ© Ł„Ł„Ł‚Ł…Ų± Ų§Ł„ŲµŁ†Ų§Ų¹ŁŠ Ų³ŲØŁˆŲŖ (Spot) Ł…ŲŖŲ¹ŲÆŲÆŲ© Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų·ŁŠŲ§Ł (Multi Spectral) ŁˆŲØŁ…ŁŠŲ² Ł…ŁƒŲ§Ł†ŁŠ Spatial Resolution)) ŁŠŲµŁ„ Ų„Ł„Ł‰ 20Ł… ŁˆŲØŲ«Ł„Ų§Ų« Ų­Ų²Ł… Ų¶ŁˆŲ¦ŁŠŲ© ŁˆŁ‡ŁŠ Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų®Ų¶Ų± GŲŒ Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų­Ł…Ų± RŲŒ ŁˆŲŖŲ­ŲŖ Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų­Ł…Ų± Ų§Ł„Ł‚Ų±ŁŠŲØNIR. ŲŖŁ… ŲŖŲµŁ†ŁŠŁ Ų§Ł„ŲµŁˆŲ±Ų© Ų§Ł„ŁŲ¶Ų§Ų¦ŁŠŲ© Ł„Ł…Ł†Ų·Ł‚Ų© Ų§Ł„ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų© ŲØŲ§Ų³ŲŖŲ®ŲÆŲ§Ł… ŲØŲ±Ł†Ų§Ł…Ų¬ Ų§Ł„Ų§Ų³ŲŖŲ“Ų¹Ų§Ų± Ų¹Ł† ŲØŲ¹ŲÆ (4_(Envi ŁˆŲŖŁ… Ų§Ł„Ų§Ų¹ŲŖŁ…Ų§ŲÆ ŁŁŠ Ų¹Ł…Ł„ŁŠŲ© Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲµŁ†ŁŠŁ Ų¹Ł„Ł‰ Ų·Ų±ŁŠŁ‚Ų© Ų§Ų­ŲŖŁ…Ų§Ł„ŁŠŲ© ŲŗŁˆŲ³ Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų¹ŲøŁ…ŁŠŲ© (Maximum Likelihood Classifier) ŁƒŲ„Ų­ŲÆŁ‰ Ų£Ų³Ų§Ł„ŁŠŲØ Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲµŁ†ŁŠŁ Ų§Ł„Ł…ŁˆŲ¬Ų© Supervised Classification Methods ŁˆŲ§Ł„ŲŖŁŠ ŲŖŲ·Ł„ŲØŲŖ Ų¬Ł…Ų¹ ŲØŁŠŲ§Ł†Ų§ŲŖ Ų­Ł‚Ł„ŁŠŲ© Ł…Ł† Ł…Ų®ŲŖŁ„Ł Ų£Ł†Ų­Ų§Ų” Ł…Ł†Ų·Ł‚Ų© Ų§Ł„ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų© Ų¹Ł„Ł‰ Ų“ŁƒŁ„ Ų¹ŁŠŁ†Ų§ŲŖ ŲŖŲ³Ł…Ł‰ Ł…Ł†Ų§Ų·Ł‚ Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲÆŲ±ŁŠŲØ (Training Area) . ŁˆŁŁŠ Ł‡Ų°Ł‡ Ų§Ł„Ł…Ų±Ų­Ł„Ų© ŲŖŁ… Ų§Ų®ŲŖŁŠŲ§Ų± Ł…ŁˆŲ§Ł‚Ų¹ ŲµŲŗŁŠŲ±Ų© Ł…Ł…Ų«Ł„Ł‡ Ł„Ł…Ų®ŲŖŁ„Ł Ų£Ł†Ł…Ų§Ų· ŲŗŲ·Ų§Ų” Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų±Ų¶ ŲŒ Ų­ŁŠŲ« ŲŖŁ… ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų© Ų§Ł„Ų®ŲµŲ§Ų¦Ųµ Ų§Ł„Ų±Ų§ŲÆŁŠŁˆ Ł…ŲŖŲ±ŁŠŲ© Ł„ŲŖŁ„Łƒ Ų§Ł„Ų¹ŁŠŁ†Ų§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„Ł…ŁƒŲ§Ł†ŁŠŲ©. ŁˆŁ‚ŲÆ ŲŖŁ… ŲŖŁˆŁ‚ŁŠŲ¹ Ł…Ł†Ų§Ų·Ł‚ Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲÆŲ±ŁŠŲØ Ų§Ł„ŲŖŁŠ ŲØŁ„Ųŗ Ų¹ŲÆŲÆŁ‡Ų§ 14 Ų¹ŁŠŁ†Ų© ŲŖŁ…Ų«Ł„ 14 Ł†Ł…Ų· Ł…Ł† ŲŗŲ·Ų§Ų”Ų§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų±Ų¶ Ų¹Ł„Ł‰ Ų§Ł„ŲµŁˆŲ±Ų© Ų§Ł„ŁŲ¶Ų§Ų¦ŁŠŲ© ŁˆŲ§Ų³ŲŖŲ®ŲÆŲ§Ł…Ł‡Ų§ ŁŁŠ ŲŖŲµŁ†ŁŠŁ Ų§Ł„ŲµŁˆŲ±Ų© Ų¬Ł…ŁŠŲ¹Ł‡Ų§. Ų«Ł… Ł‚Ų§Ł… Ų§Ł„ŲØŲ§Ų­Ų« ŲØŲŖŁ‚ŁŠŁŠŁ… ŲÆŁ‚Ų© Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲµŁ†ŁŠŁ Ł…Ł† Ų®Ł„Ų§Ł„ Ł…Ł‚Ų§Ų±Ł†Ų© Ų§Ł„Ł†ŲŖŲ§Ų¦Ų¬ ŲØŲØŁŠŲ§Ł†Ų§ŲŖ ŲŖŁ… Ų±ŁŲ¹Ł‡Ų§ Ł…Ł† Ų§Ł„Ł…ŁŠŲÆŲ§Ł† Ų£Ų«Ł†Ų§Ų” Ų§Ł„Ų¹Ł…Ł„ Ų§Ł„Ł…ŁŠŲÆŲ§Ł†ŁŠ (Fieldwork) ŲŒ ŁˆŁ‚ŲÆ ŲØŁ„ŲŗŲŖ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŁ‚Ų© Ų§Ł„ŁƒŁ„ŁŠŲ© (Overall Accuracy) Ł„Ł„ŲµŁˆŲ±Ų© Ų§Ł„Ł…ŲµŁ†ŁŲ© (75.3%) ŲŒ ŁˆŁŠŲ¹Ų²Ł‰ Ų§Ł„Ų§Ł†Ų®ŁŲ§Ų¶ Ų§Ł„Ł†Ų³ŲØŁŠ Ł„Ł„ŲÆŁ‚Ų© Ų§Ł„ŁƒŁ„ŁŠŲ© Ų„Ł„Ł‰ Ų§Ł„Ų§Ų¹ŲŖŁ…Ų§ŲÆ Ų¹Ł„Ł‰ Ų«Ł„Ų§Ų« Ł…ŁˆŲ¬Ų§ŲŖ Ų·ŁŠŁŁŠŲ© Ų¹Ł†ŲÆ Ų¹Ł…Ł„ŁŠŲ© Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲ­Ł„ŁŠŁ„ ŲŒ Ł„Ų°Ł„Łƒ Ł„Ł„Ų­ŲµŁˆŁ„ Ų¹Ł„Ł‰ ŲÆŁ‚Ų© Ų£Ų¹Ł„Ł‰ ŁŠŁˆŲµŁ‰ ŲØŲ§Ų³ŲŖŲ®ŲÆŲ§Ł… Ų¹ŲÆŲÆ ŁƒŲ§ŁŁŠ Ł…Ł† Ų§Ł„Ł…Ų¬Ų§Ł„Ų§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„Ų·ŁŠŁŁŠŲ© Ł„Ų¹Ł…Ł„ŁŠŲ© Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲµŁ†ŁŠŁ . ŲŖŁˆŲµŁ„ŲŖ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų© Ł„Ų¹ŲÆŲÆ Ł…Ł† Ų§Ł„Ł†ŲŖŲ§Ų¦Ų¬ ŲŖŁ…Ų«Ł„ŲŖ ŁŁŠ Ł‚ŲÆŲ±Ų© Ų§Ł„Ų§Ų³ŲŖŲ“Ų¹Ų§Ų± Ų¹Ł† ŲØŲ¹ŲÆ ŁŁŠ Ų„Ł†ŲŖŲ§Ų¬ Ų®Ų±Ų§Ų¦Ų· ŲÆŁ‚ŁŠŁ‚Ų© Ł„ŲŗŲ·Ų§Ų”Ų§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų±Ų§Ų¶ŁŠ ŲŒ Ų„Ų¶Ų§ŁŲ© Ų„Ł„Ł‰ Ų„ŲøŁ‡Ų§Ų± Ų§Ł„ŲÆŁˆŲ± Ų§Ł„Ų­ŁŠŁˆŁŠ Ł„Ł‡Ų°Ł‡ Ų§Ł„ŲŖŁ‚Ł†ŁŠŲ© ŁŁŠ ŲØŁŠŲ¦Ų§ŲŖ Ų°Ų§ŲŖ ŲŖŁ†ŁˆŲ¹ Ų·ŲØŁˆŲŗŲ±Ų§ŁŁŠ Ł…Ų¹Ł‚ŲÆ ŁƒŲ§Ł„Ł…Ł†Ų§Ų·Ł‚ Ų§Ł„Ų¬ŲØŁ„ŁŠŲ© Ų­ŁŠŲ« ŁŠŲµŲ¹ŲØ ŁŁŠ Ł…Ų«Ł„ Ł‡Ų°Ł‡ Ų§Ł„Ł…Ł†Ų§Ų·Ł‚ Ų„Ų¬Ų±Ų§Ų” Ų§Ł„Ų¹Ł…Ł„ Ų§Ł„Ł…ŁŠŲÆŲ§Ł†ŁŠ Ł„ŲµŲ¹ŁˆŲØŲ© Ų§Ł„ŁˆŲµŁˆŁ„ Ų„Ł„ŁŠŁ‡Ų§ ŲŒ ŁˆŁ‚ŲÆ Ų£ŲøŁ‡Ų±ŲŖ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų© Ų£Ł† Ų§Ł„Ų²ŁŠŲŖŁˆŁ† ŁƒŁ†Ł…Ų· Ł…Ł† ŲŗŲ·Ų§Ų”Ų§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų±Ų¶ Ų§Ł„Ų±Ų¦ŁŠŲ³Ų© ŁŠŲ“ŲŗŁ„ Ų£Ų¹Ł„Ł‰ Ł†Ų³ŲØŲ© Ł…Ł† Ł…Ų³Ų§Ų­Ų© Ų§Ł„ŲµŁˆŲ±Ų© Ų§Ł„Ł…ŲµŁ†ŁŲ© ŲŒ ŁˆŲ°Ł„Łƒ Ł„Ų„Ł…ŁƒŲ§Ł†ŁŠŲ© Ų²Ų±Ų§Ų¹ŲŖŁ‡ ŁŁŠ ŲØŁŠŲ¦Ų§ŲŖ Ł…Ų®ŲŖŁ„ŁŲ© ŁƒŲ§Ł„Ł…Ł†Ų§Ų·Ł‚ Ų§Ł„Ų¬ŲØŁ„ŁŠŲ© ŁˆŲ§Ł„Ų³Ł‡Ł„ŁŠŲ©. ŁˆŁ‚ŲÆ Ų£ŁˆŲµŲŖ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų© ŲØŲ¶Ų±ŁˆŲ±Ų© Ų§Ų³ŲŖŲ®ŲÆŲ§Ł… ŲŖŁ‚Ł†ŁŠŲ© Ų§Ł„Ų§Ų³ŲŖŲ“Ų¹Ų§Ų± Ų¹Ł† ŲØŲ¹ŲÆ ŁŁŠ ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų© Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲŗŁŠŲ±Ų§ŲŖ ŁŁŠ Ų§Ų³ŲŖŲ®ŲÆŲ§Ł…Ų§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų±Ų§Ų¶ŁŠ Ł„Ł…Ų§ ŁŠŲŖŁ…ŁŠŲ² ŲØŁ‡ Ł‡Ų°Ų§ Ų§Ł„Ų¹Ł„Ł… Ł…Ł† ŲŖŲ­ŲÆŁŠŲ« ŲÆŲ§Ų¦Ł… Ł„Ł„ŲØŁŠŲ§Ł†Ų§ŲŖ ŲŒ ŁˆŁ…Ų±Ų§Ł‚ŲØŲ© Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲŗŁŠŲ±Ų§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„ŲŖŁŠ ŲŖŲ­ŲÆŲ« ŲÆŲ§Ų®Ł„ Ų§Ł„ŲØŁŠŲ¦Ų© ŲŒ ŁƒŁ…Ų§ ŲŖŲ¹ŲÆ Ł‡Ų°Ł‡ Ų§Ł„ŁˆŲ³ŁŠŁ„Ų© Ł…Ł† ŁˆŲ³Ų§Ų¦Ł„ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„Ų£Ł‚Ł„ ŲŖŁƒŁ„ŁŲ© Ų®Ų§ŲµŲ© ŁŁŠ Ų§Ł„Ł…Ų³Ų§Ų­Ų§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„ŁƒŲØŁŠŲ±Ų©. ŁˆŲŖŁˆŲµŁŠ Ų£ŁŠŲ¶Ų§ ŲØŲ§Ų³ŲŖŲ®ŲÆŲ§Ł… ŲØŁŠŲ§Ł†Ų§ŲŖ Ų³ŲØŁˆŲŖ Ł„ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų© Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų±Ų§Ų¶ŁŠ ŲŒ Ł„Ų£Ł† Ų§Ł„ŲŖŁ…ŁŠŁŠŲ² Ų§Ł„Ł…ŁƒŲ§Ł†ŁŠ Ų§Ł„Ų¹Ų§Ł„ŁŠ ŁŁŠ Ų§Ł„Ų­Ł‚ŁˆŁ„ Ų§Ł„ŲµŲŗŁŠŲ±Ų© ŁŠŁ‚Ł„Ł„ Ł…Ł† Ų¹Ł†Ų§ŲµŲ± Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲ“ŁˆŁŠŲ“ Ų§Ł„ŲŖŁŠ ŲŖŲøŁ‡Ų± Ų¹Ł†ŲÆ ŲŖŲµŁ†ŁŠŁ Ų§Ł„ŲµŁˆŲ±Ų©.ar
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/6379
dc.titleStudy of Land Cover Types In Nablus Area using Satellite Remote Sensingen
dc.titleŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų© ŲŗŲ·Ų§Ų”Ų§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų±Ų§Ų¶ŁŠ ŁŁŠ Ł…Ł†Ų·Ł‚Ų© Ł†Ų§ŲØŁ„Ų³ ŲØŲ§Ų³ŲŖŲ®ŲÆŲ§Ł… ŲŖŁ‚Ł†ŁŠŲ© Ų§Ł„Ų§Ų³ŲŖŲ“Ų¹Ų§Ų± Ų¹Ł† ŲØŲ¹ŲÆar
dc.typeThesis
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