Technical Feasibility of Applying Cleaner Production Practices in Palestinian Leather Tanning Industry
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Date
2021-06-13
Authors
Masoud, Munya
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
جامعة النجاح الوطنية
Abstract
The main objective of this thesis is to recommend cleaner production practices that can be applied to Palestinian tanneries, after the study and investigation of traditional tanning methods in local plants and testing cleaner production practices to select the most applicable one.
In this research project, a lab-scale tanning drum was constructed to carry out the tanning process, hides were brought from local tanneries after the pickling process, traditional tanning method (as Nablus tannery) was applied on skin/hide samples with the variation of two main factors: chromium concentration and water temperature. The optimum values were chosen based on chromium uptake and leather mechanical quality. In each experiment, the initial and final tanning solutions were analyzed for chromium concentration. The temperature was kept constant in each experiment using a temperature controller and electric heater. The tensile strength of the samples was measured using the standard tensile machine. It was found that the chromium uptake fluctuates as the process temperature changes. the chromium uptake increases as the tanning solution concentration increase. On the other hand, the skin/hide quality increases when increasing chromium concentration in tanning bath, but it decreases as temperature increases. The best results of chromium uptake and skin/hide quality were obtained at 25 °C water temperature, with 5.5 % w/w chromium concentration in water (as traditional method), and 100 % w/w water volume according to skin/hide weight (the half of water volume in traditional method). At this ratio, the chromium uptake was 95.33 %, and the consumed