POLYURETHANE BASED FOAM FROM OLIVE MILL WASTEWATER: SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION IN WASTEWATER PURIFICATION
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Date
2023-02-21
Authors
Ishraydeh, Isra
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
An-Najah National University
Abstract
One of the most important challenges in the world is water contamination especially from heavy metal ions. The high effectiveness removal of heavy metal ions, even at trace levels, has proved particularly demanding for absorption procedures, which are also less expensive than traditional approaches. Absorbents that have undergone chemical modification often have increased surface area and a higher absorption capacity than unmodified absorbents.
The goal of this study is to identify a natural source and a simple low-cost method to make a new absorbent for the removal of toxic metal ions. Pb(II) ions from wastewater have been tested using a modified version of lignin obtained from natural waste. What makes this study new and commercially important is the use of waste material for making new adsorbent material.
This study examines the enzymatic degradation approaches of lignin present in olive industry liquid waste (OILW) and converted it to a polyurethane foam material with urethane functionality. Then, the foam material as an adsorbent for toxic metals from wastewater.
The prepared foams were characterized by using FT-IR and TGA to examine the type of functional groups present in the foam and to determine its thermal stability. The prepared lignin-based foam was evaluated as an adsorbent for Pb (II) present in water. Lead (II) was selected because it is one of the most toxic metal ions. The effect of various parameters such as Pb ion concentration, temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time were all evaluated to determine the optimum adsorption conditions. The optimal value of the investigated parameters for LHMDIC was around 7.5 pH, 50 mg dosage, 50.00 ppm concentration, and 5.00 min of contact time, at 10°C. The ideal conditions for LPDIC were pH 8, 50 mg dosage, 50.00 ppm concentration, 5 min contact duration, at 10°C of Pb.
The maximum removal efficiency was determined to be 99.95% for LHMDIC and 98.75% for LPDIC. This application for Pb (II) ion removal efficiency for a genuine sewage sample showed outstanding removal. The Pb (II) ion appears to follow pseudo-second-order in the Pb (II) ion adsorption on LHMDIC and LPDIC polymers because (R² = 0.9999) and (R² = 1), respectively. Both forms follow the Langmuir model, since both showed R² values near 1. The values of G° for both foams are negative, indicating that the Pb (II) ion adsorption on LPDIC polymers is spontaneous.