The Rulling of Islamic Jurisdiction on /over Filtering out and Reusing of Sewage Water

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Date
2012
Authors
Nasser Abdullateef Rasheed Dabous
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Abstract
Abstract In the first chapter of this study the researcher discussed the issue of water in general in terms of the concern of Islam with it, its definition, composition, characteristics, its natural, chemical and biological features, and its importance for all living things. Then the researcher talked about the rules and regulations related to the quality of water and explained the concept of waste water in terms of its definition, the origin of its name, the resources, the composition, the types and the impact of this water on the environment and public health. Furthermore, the researcher explained the importance of the waste water treatment projects, its economical feasibility and to what extent societies would accept them especially the Muslim society depending on two factors, the psychological and religious ones. In the second chapter the researcher talked about the technology used in waste water treatment and started by describing the sanitation project, its design, systems, and the health and environmental precautions of these projects. After that the researcher dealt with the waste water treatment process with respect to the systems, stages, methods of treatment, the results of this process, and the possible ways to benefit or dispose of these residues along with explaining the standards and rules of the final disposal of sludge using graphs and tables. The researcher concluded the chapter by explaining the different aspects of benefit of the treated waste water giving examples of some of the international experiences in this field. The researcher also gave example of Palestineโ€™s experience in waste water treatment and how to benefit from it in addition to the Palestinian water research centers. In the third chapter, the researcher discussed the regulations and provisions related to water purity in Islam and defined the meaning of purity in general, its importance, the opinion of Islam toward this issue, and the types of purifications in Islamic Law. Following that, the researcher explained the meaning of impurity in terms of its meaning, types, consequences and the things that are subject to exemption. The researcher further provided some of the opinions by the different Islamic Fiqh doctrines and showed the most accepted opinion supported by evidence from the Holy Quran, Sunnah and the opinions of scholars in this respect. Finally in this chapter, the researcher described the types of water and their provisions and the opinion of Fiqh doctrines about them. In the fourth chapter of this study the researcher discussed the legitimate rooting of the provisions of waste water treatment with some detail and explained the methods used to purify impure water. The researcher also mentioned the different opinions of previous scholars regarding this issue along with a proof or evidence for each opinion. The researcher also mentioned the most accepted of these opinions and what most contemporary researcher have reached through comparing the issue of waste water treatment. The researcher has come to a general result that states that waste water if treated through some advanced mechanism that leaves no waste in that water can be used in the same way pure water is used. However, if ordinary water is available it is better to use it instead of treated waste water. If the waste water is partially treated then it is considered impure and should not be used for ablution or cleaning purposes, neither for drinking nor with food. This kind of partially-treated waste water is considered impure and should only be used in areas where waste water is used. This research has been supported by a number of Fatwas issued by Islamic scholars. The researcher also explained the different fields of benefiting from the totally or partially treated waste water. The final chapter was concluded by explaining the regulations that govern the use of treated waste water and the legal provisions that concern the workers in the field of waste water treatment. In the final part of the research the researcher gave a number of results that the study has reached in addition to the recommendations.
ุงู„ู…ู„ุฎู‘ุต ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจู‘ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ู‘ุฏุŒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ุฃู…ู‘ุง ุจุนุฏ: ูู‚ุฏ ู‚ุฏู‘ู…ุช ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุจู…ุง ูุชุญ ุงู„ู„ู‡ - ุชุนุงู„ู‰- ุนู„ูŠู‘ุŒ ุซู…ู‘ ุจุฏุฃุช ุจุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู‘ู„ุŒ ูุจุญุซุช ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ู‘ุŒ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู… ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุนุฑูŠูู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุฑูƒูŠุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุŒ ูˆุตูุงุชู‡ ูˆุฎุตุงุฆุตู‡ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฃู‡ู…ู‘ูŠุชู‡ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ูƒู„ู‘ู‡ุงุŒ ุซู…ู‘ ุจุญุซุช ููŠ ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‘ู‚ุฉ ุจู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูˆุฌูˆุฏุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุตูˆู„ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุญุซ ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠูุŒ ูˆุฃุตู„ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู†ุงุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุนุŒ ูˆุฃุซุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ูˆุงู„ุตุญู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู‘ุฉุŒ ูˆุฃู‡ู…ู‘ูŠุฉ ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู…ุฉุŒ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุฏู‰ ุชู‚ุจู‘ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ูˆุฎุงุตู‘ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู… ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉุŒ ูˆุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ุงู†: ุงู„ู†ูุณูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู†ูŠ. ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ููŠ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู…ุฉุŒ ุจุฏุกุงู‹ ุจุจูŠุงู† ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญู‘ูŠุŒ ูˆุชุตู…ูŠู…ู‡ุŒ ูˆู†ูุธูู…ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงุฐูŠุฑ ุงู„ุตุญู‘ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุนุŒ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุจุญุซ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ู†ู‘ูุธู…ุŒ ูˆู…ุฑุงุญู„ ูˆุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉุŒ ูˆู†ูˆุงุชุฌ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ูˆู…ุฎู„ู‘ูุงุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุงุณุชูุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุฎู„ู‘ุต ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ู‘ูุงุชุŒ ู…ุน ุจูŠุงู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงูŠูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฎุงุตู‘ุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุฎู„ู‘ุต ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŽู…ู’ุฃุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงูŠูŠุณ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุนุฒู‘ุฒุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฏุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงุฎุชุชู…ุช ุงู„ูุตู„ ุจุจูŠุงู† ูˆุฌูˆู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูุงุน ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉุŒ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชู…ุซูŠู„ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุŒ ูˆุตูˆู„ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ูู„ุณุทูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชูุงุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุฃุจุญุงุซ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ูู„ุณุทูŠู†ูŠุฉ. ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉุŒ ุจุญุซุช ููŠ ุฃุญูƒุงู… ุทู‡ุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ูุจูŠู‘ู†ุชู ู…ุงู‡ูŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุทู‡ุงุฑุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ู‘ุŒ ูˆุฃู‡ู…ู‘ูŠุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุญูƒู…ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ุทู‡ู‘ุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุชู…ู‘ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ููŠ ู…ุงู‡ูŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุณุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃู‚ุณุงู…ุŒ ูˆู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‘ู‚ ุจู‡ุง ู…ู† ู†ูˆุงุชุฌู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู…ุง ูŠูุนูู‰ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุน ุฐูƒุฑ ุขุฑุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฐุงู‡ุจ ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุจูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฃูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุฌุญ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฏุนู‘ู…ุง ุจุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณู†ู‘ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุจูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู‡ู‘ุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุฃู‚ูˆุงู„ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุซู…ู‘ ุจูŠู‘ู†ุช ุฃู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูˆุฃุญูƒุงู…ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุขุฑุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฐุงู‡ุจ ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ. ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉุŒ ุจุญุซุชู ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฃุตูŠู„ ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠ ู„ุฃุญูƒุงู… ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉุŒ ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ุจุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ุŒ ูุจูŠู‘ู†ุชู ุทุฑู‚ ุชุทู‡ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุชู†ุฌู‘ุณุŒ ูˆุฐูƒุฑุช ุฃู‚ูˆุงู„ ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ุงุก ุงู„ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‰ ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุชู‡ู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ุŒ ู…ุน ุจูŠุงู† ุญุฌู‘ุฉ ูˆุฏู„ูŠู„ ูƒู„ู‘ ุฑุฃูŠุŒ ูˆู…ุง ุฑุฌุญ ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุขุฑุงุกุŒ ูˆู…ุง ุชูˆุตู‘ู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงุตุฑูŠู†ุŒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู…ุฉ ูƒู…ุณุชุฌุฏู‘ุฉ ุจุฃู‚ูˆุงู„ ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ุงุกุ› ู„ู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุจู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุนุงู…ู‘ุฉ ู…ูุงุฏู‡ุง: ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู…ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุนูˆู„ุฌุช ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู‘ู…ุฉ ุจู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠูŽุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุซุฑูŒ ู„ู„ู†ุฌุงุณุฉุŒ ูˆุงู†ุชูู‰ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑู ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ู…ูŠุงู‡ูŒ ุทู‡ูˆุฑุฉูŒ ูŠุฌูˆุฒ ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ูƒู„ู‘ ู…ุง ูŠูุณุชุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุกู ุงู„ุทู‡ูˆุฑุŒ ุฅู„ู‘ุง ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ูŠููุถู‘ู„ ุงู„ุงุณุชุบู†ุงุกู ุนู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ุฒู‘ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุชุญู‚ู‘ู‚ู ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุฌุงุณุชู‡ุงุŒ ุฃู…ู‘ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ูู‡ูŠ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู…ุชู†ุฌู‘ุณุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุงุณุชูุงุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุนุจุงุฏุฉ (ูˆุถูˆุก ูˆุงุบุชุณุงู„)ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ (ุดุฑุจ ูˆุทุนุงู…)ุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุชู†ุฌู‘ุณุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูุงุน ุจู‡ุง ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูุงุน ุจุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุชู†ุฌู‘ุณ ูˆูู‚ุง ู„ุฃุญูƒุงู… ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฌุงุก ุงู„ุจุญุซ ู…ุฏุนู‘ู…ุง ุจุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชุงูˆู‰ ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุตุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูุตู‘ู„ุช ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชูุงุน ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ูƒู„ู‘ูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุงุŒ ูˆุฎุชู…ุช ุงู„ูุตู„ ุจุจูŠุงู† ุถูˆุงุจุท ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉุŒ ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูƒุงู… ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‡ู…ู‘ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู…ุฉ. ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชูˆุตู‘ู„ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌุŒ ุฐูƒุฑุชู‡ุง ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ู…ุฐูŠู‘ู„ุฉู‹ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชูˆุตูŠุงุชุŒ ุฃุณุฃู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ - ุชุนุงู„ู‰ - ุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุงุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฌุฑ ูˆุงู„ุซูˆุงุจุŒ ูˆุตู„ู‘ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ู‘ุฏุŒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡ ูˆุณู„ู‘ู….
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