IMPACTS OF LAND USE/COVER ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON THE EASTERN COAST OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA

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dc.contributor.authorQariab, Rahma
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-02T09:20:44Z
dc.date.available2026-02-02T09:20:44Z
dc.date.issued2025-11-30
dc.description.abstractGlobal warming poses an actual risk in many countries located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The lack of appropriate preparedness and integrated planning lead to increased risk of climate extremes. This study investigates the complex relationship between land cover (LC) and land surface temperature (LST) in this area. Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OIL/TIR were used during the period between 2000 and 2023 in July and August months over three periods. The classification process for the satellite images was conducted by applying the random forest (RF) algorithm using ArcGIS Pro software. LST was then extracted by the NDVI-based Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) Method from images to analyze the spatiotemporal variations using ArcGIS 10.8 software. Regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between LST and LC using SPSS software. Classification results revealed the predominance of barren lands in most of Syria, while in Palestine and Lebanon, agricultural lands were the dominant category. Substantial agreement of kappa coefficient values was achieved for all classified images. A significant expansion of impervious surfaces and a decline in forest cover was occurred in all regions in the study area; this expected to continue by year 2035 according to results obtained from the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The transformations showed that most conversions from forests were to agricultural land, and the largest area of conversions to impervious surfaces was by agricultural land. Regarding mean LST, the results revealed a consistent upward trend over the 23 years in each area, where the average LST in Syria increased from 38.6 ℃ in 2000 to 44.23 ℃ in 2023. Similarly, in Lebanon, the temperature rose from 35.6 ℃ to 39.9 ℃ in 2023. Likewise, in Palestine, the mean LST increased from 37.12 ℃ to 39 ℃. The results showed a clear non-linear negative relationship between NDVI and NDMI with LST, whereas the relationship between NDBI and BSI with LST was positive. The study recommends that policymakers implement urban planning, enhance afforestation and forest protection programs, adopt climate-smart agricultural practices, and execute land reclamation projects to achieve sustainable development
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/20799
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherجامعة الجاح الوطنيه
dc.supervisorGhodieh, Ahmad
dc.titleIMPACTS OF LAND USE/COVER ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON THE EASTERN COAST OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA
dc.title.alternativeأثر التغير في الغطاء الارضي واستعمالات الاراضي على درجة الحراره السطحيه في الدول الواقعه على الساحل الشرقي للبحر المتوسط
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