PSYCHOLOGICAL HARDINESS AND ITS RELATION TO SLEEP DISORDERS AMONG A SAMPLE OF DOCTORS AND NURSES WORKING IN HOSPITALS IN THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERROTORIES
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Date
2025-12-28
Authors
Essa, Latifa Ahmad
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Publisher
An-Najah National University
Abstract
Background: This study examines levels of psychological hardiness and sleep disorder among sample of physicians and nurses working on hospitals on occupied Palestinian Interior, aim is to determine extent to which psychological hardiness affects symptoms of sleep disorder among physicians and nurses, given its importance on reducing incidence of sleep disorder.
Study Objectives: This study aims to identify levels of psychological hardiness and sleep disorder, differences on these levels according to demographic variables [Gender, Age, Job/Occupation, Marital status, Years of experience, Educational qualification, Workplace]., correlation between them, and predictive power of psychological hardiness on relation to sleep disorder among sample of physicians and nurses working on hospitals on occupied Palestinian Interior.
Methodology: descriptive correlational approach was used, and study population consisted of all Arab doctors and nurses working on providing health care on hospitals and health centers on occupied Palestinian interior, numbering (8,000) doctors and (11,494) nurses of different genders, while sample consisted of (449) workers, who were selected using available sample, Measures of psychological hardiness and sleep disorder were also used, and results of verifying their validity and reliability indicated their suitability and suitability to achieve study objectives.
Results: Results showed that overall level of psychological hardiness and its sub-dimensions (commitment, challenge, control) were on average level, overall level of sleep disorder and its dimensions (insomnia, circadian rhythm, obstructive sleep apnea) were on average level, while dimensions (restless legs syndrome, parasomnias, narcolepsy) were at low level, results also showed differences on arithmetic means of overall level of psychological hardiness and its dimensions (commitment, control, challenge) among sample of doctors and nurses working on hospitals on occupied Palestinian interior, attributed to variables (results also showed differences on arithmetic means of overall level of psychological hardiness and its dimensions (communication, control, challenge) among sample of doctors and nurses working in hospitals in occupied Palestinian interior, attributed to variables such as [occupation, marital status, years of experience, educational level, and workplace]. Results also revealed statistically significant differences between means of overall level of sleep disorder and its dimensions (insomnia, circadian rhythm, narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and parasomnias) among same sample, attributable to [gender, age, occupation, marital status, years of experience, educational level, and workplace]. Regarding direction of these differences, obstructive sleep apnea was higher among males than females; participants aged 36–45 years reported higher overall sleep disorder (and higher insomnia/circadian rhythm) than those older than 45 years (and higher insomnia than those aged 26–35 years); physicians reported higher overall sleep disorder and higher insomnia, narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and parasomnias than nurses; divorced participants reported lower overall sleep disorder and lower insomnia/obstructive sleep apnea/restless legs syndrome than single, married, or widowed participants (while parasomnias were higher among widowed, and higher among divorced compared with married); participants with <3 years or >15 years of experience reported higher overall sleep disorder and higher insomnia than those with 3–7 or 8–15 years, and restless legs syndrome was highest among those with >15 years; educational-level differences favored BA over Diploma on overall sleep disorder and insomnia/circadian rhythm/parasomnias, favored MA over BA/Diploma on overall and multiple dimensions, and favored PhD over other levels specifically on narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea (while BA/MA were higher than PhD on overall sleep disorder, insomnia, restless legs syndrome, and parasomnias); finally, insomnia was higher in private hospitals, government health centers, and private health centers than in government hospitals, whereas restless legs syndrome was higher in government hospitals than private hospitals.”
The results also revealed positive correlation between overall psychological hardiness and its dimensions (commitment, control) and sleep disorder (insomnia), and between psychological hardiness dimension (challenge) and sleep disorder (circadian rhythm), There is also negative inverse correlation between overall psychological hardiness and its dimensions (communication, control) and sleep disorder (narcolepsy, parasomnia), results also showed that dimensions of psychological hardiness (commitment, control) predict sleep disorder (insomnia), while psychological hardiness dimension (challenge) predicts sleep disorder (circadian rhythm), dimensions of psychological hardiness (commitment, control) predict sleep disorder (narcolepsy, parasomnia), and overall psychological hardiness predicts sleep disorder dimensions (insomnia, narcolepsy, parasomnia).