Supplymant Arabic Yaqut Al-Hamawi in his Book "The Common of Similar Countries in Name and the Countries Which Share in the Same Name and Different Places" / Study in Common Geographical Countries in the Levant

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2016
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Obada Jamal Abu Muhssin
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The research investigates the commonality of the names of the countries located in the Levant. They are four countries as they stand today: Jordan, Syria, Palestine, and Lebanon. The researcher targets the names of Levantine countries documented in new and old glossaries/dictionaries of countries such as Yaqout Al-Hamawi’s glossary, Hussein Ali Lubany’s Dictionary of the Names of Palestinian Towns and Villages: Linguistic Import, plus Historic and Geographical Features and others. Furthermore, the researcher has incorporated names and data retrieved from maps and leaflets published by the geographical centers in those countries. Nevertheless, the researcher does not aim at mere accumulation nor does he intend on turning this study into a statistical one. Rather, location grouping is exclusive to countries of similar names but of different locations. Names are ordered alphabetically in the dictionary of pronunciation of names of countries and places, which has the same title as Yaqout Al-Hamawi’s: "The commonality of names of countries with different locations”. This study is a continuation of and builds upon Yaqout Al-Hamawi’s accomplishments in his aforementioned book; hence the same titling. The researcher conducts a geographical linguistic study by exploring the dimensions of the relation that holds between Language and Geography, pertaining to the many common geographical names of countries in the Levant that are worth investigating. Yaqout Al-Hamawi already tackled this phenomenon in his book: "The commonality of names of countries with different locations,” and he has listed a reasonable number of these common geographical countries. However, his study was partial and wanting as not all but only some of the common geographical countries were mentioned. Moreover, he provided no explanation of the reason behind this interesting commonality of naming, despite the diverse geographical distribution of those countries. Yet, his efforts are laudable and this study is but an extension of what Al-Hamawi had done in his famous work.
تَقَعُ هَذِهِ الدِرَاسَةُ فِي بَابَينِ، البَابِ الأَوَّلِ جَاءَ تَحتَ عُنوَان: مُعَجَمُ أَلفَاظِ مَا اشتَرَكَ وَضعاً مِن أَسمَاءِ البُلدَانِ، وَافتَرَقَ صَقعاً مِنَ الأَقَالِيمِ، وَفِيهِ رَصَدَ البَاحِثُ وَاستَقصَى مَا اشتَرَكَ مِن أَسمَاءِ البِقَاعِ وَالمَوَاضِعِ فِي الشَّامِ، وَضَمَّنَهَا فِي مُعجَمِ الأَلفَاظِ أَبتَثِيَّاً، تَبَعاً لِأُصُولِهَا اللُّغَوِيَّةِ التِّي أُخِذَت مِنهَا، وَذَلِكَ بِتَجرِيدِ اسمِ الصَقعِ أوِ المَوضِعِ قَيدِ الدِرَاسَةِ فِي بَابِ حَرفِهِ الأَوَّلِ فَالثَّانِي وَهَكَذَا، وَهَذَا فِي المَوَاضِعِ التِّي تَتَكَوَّنُ أَسمَاؤُهَا مِن لَفظٍ وَاحِد. أمّا المَوَاضِعُ التِّي تَتَكَوَّنُ أَسمَاؤُهَا مِن لَفظَينِ، كَالتِّي تَبدَأُ عَادَةً بِلَفظِ البَيتِ أوِ التَّلِّ أَوِ الخَرِبَةِ فَقَد ضُمِّنَت البَابَ ؛ تَبَعاً لِجُزئِهَا الثَّانِي. وَرَاعَى البَاحِثُ كَذَلِكَ فِي هَذَا البَابِ التَّوزِيعَ الجُغرَافِيَّ المُلَاحَظَ عَلَى هَذِهِ البِقَاعِ وَالمَوَاضِعِ فِي أَركَانِ الشَّامِ الأَربَعَةِ الأُردُنِّ وَسُورِيَّةَ وَفِلَسطِينَ وَلُبنَان، وَذَلِكَ عَلَى شَكلِ مُختَصَرَاتٍ أُخِذَت مِن أَوَائِلِ أُصُولِهَا اللُّغَوِيَّةِ، اعتُمِدَت فِي الدَلَالَةِ عَلَى كُلِّ بَلَدٍ مِنهَا، فَالأُردُنُّ رَمَزَ البَاحِثُ لَهَا بِحَرفِ الأَلَفِ (أ)، وَسُورِيَّة بِحَرفِ السِّينِ ( س )، وَهَكَذا. وَالثَّانِي جَاءَ تَحتَ عُنوان: دِرَاسَةٌ لُغَوِيَّةٌ فِي الأَسمَاءِ وَفَلسَفَتِهَا، وَفِيهِ تَنَاوَلَ البَاحِثُ مَا وَرَد عِندَ يَاقُوتٍ فِي كِتَابِهِ ( المُشتَرَك )، وَلِأَيِّ دَلالَةٍ وَرَد، ثُمَّ استَدرَكَ البَاحِثُ عَلَى يَاقُوتٍ مِمّا لَم يَرِد فِي كِتَابِه، وَفِيهِ تَنَاوَلَ أَيضاً أَسمَاءَ البُلدَانِ بَينَ الأَصَالَةِ فِي اللُّغَةِ، حَيثُ بَيَّنَ الأَصلَ اللُّغَوِيَّ الذِّي أُخِذَ مِنهُ الاسمُ وَمَا يَدُلُّ عَلَيهِ مِن مَعَانٍ، مَعَ تَرجِيحِ كَفَّةِ الأَقرَبِ مِنها، كَمَا أَشَارَ أَيضاً إلى المُحَرَّفِ فِي هَذهِ الأَسمَاءِ، وَمَا عُرَّبَ مِنهَا، ثُمَّ عَمِدَ البَاحِثُ إلى التَقَصِّي فِي أَسبَابِ هَذَا الاشتَراكِ، عَلَى اختِلافِهَا: فَمِنهَا مَا يَعُودُ فِي المُقامِ الأَوَّل إلى أَسبَابٍ لُغَوِيَّةٍ بَحتَه، وَمنهَا مَا يَعُودُ إلى تَشَابُهُ المَوقِعِ الجُغرَافِيِّ، وَمِنها مَا يَعُودُ لِأَسبَابٍ أُخرَى، كَأَن يَكُونَ بَعضُ النَّاسِ ارتَحَلُوا مِن بَلَدٍ لِآخرَ ؛ فأَسمَوهُ بِاسمِ بَلَدِهِمُ الأَصلِيِّ، وَقَد نَصَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ يَاقُوت فِي ( المُشتَرَكِ )
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