The Figure of Title in The Palestinian Novel

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Date
2003
Authors
Faraj Abed- Elhasib Malki
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Abstract
The idea of this study occurred to me ten years ago when I was going through the experience of imprisonment in one of the Israeli prisons. Just before the investigation begins, the prisoners undergoes a Systematic process of humiliation reflected in removing all his distinguishing marks such as his clothes ,private things and name. Thus, the imprisonment starts with the prisoner losing all his distinguishing marks including his name and changing into a mere number. I came to realize, afterwards, that this process of removing is not meant only to humiliate the newcomer but also to put him in a new system whose main aim is to remove the prisoner s personality through removing the marks first. The idea of this study came into being during my study of modern Criticism. One of the subjects of this course is the novelistic title which Semi logy takes great interest in. This suggested the title of my study " The Figure of Title in the Palestinian Novel". Nowadays we live in a world crammed with marks. This led a semiologist to describe Japan as empire of marks. The mark can be either linguistic or nonlinguistic. These marks integrate into systems, which have their own relations and regulations. This study chose the system of Palestinian titles in attempt to investigate its relations and rulers. This study made use of various critical methods. It is based on semi logy as a springboard for research. Therefore, it investigated the spread of title and its connotations. It also benefited from the semiologitic rules in studying the marks. Moreover, it made use of stylism, namely in adopting its unique methods of studying the overlapping and connection of structures through the rhetorical methods used in choosing the title. Because the evidence is subsequent and imitative, this study has to trace back the title history as an ulterior text imitating a preceding text through investigating the textury of the title with other titles. The figure was brought about from the research conducted by G. Genets when he was studied the parallel text of the literary works. He regarded the title as one of the most literary types, which are able to assimilate the other types. The naming system in the novel is one of the subject's thought of and the title is the most important naming within this system. The Palestinian novel put many titles, which appeared during the last fifty years under study. This study is dividing into two sections. The first section is theoretical whereas the second is practical. The first section consists of two chapters. The first chapter has the title of" Establishing the Titleā€. This chapter deals with naming as a main framework for titling which expresses the viewpoint of the person who gives the name and also deals with titling a tape of naming. it also presents the Arab view regarding the title in ancient prose then takes in details about the view of modern criticism concerning the title and its relation with semi logy and the parallel text. This chapter ends with studying the components of the title, its types and functions in the novel. The second chapter is under the title of" The Palestinian Novelistic Title ''. It begins with a glimpse at the novel figures through the cover, notification, presentation, introduction, and finally the title, which is the topic of study. It summarizes the significance which modem criticism gives to the Palestinian novelistic title and studies elaborately the psychological and social phenomena as well as the textury and rhetorical phenomena in the title of the Palestinian novel. The second section includes four chapters where the titles of four pioneering novelists are studied. It studies the following titles for the novelist Ghassan Kanafani: Men in the Sun, The Other Thing, What has been left to you, Om Sa,ad, Returnee to Hifa and the titles of the incomplete novels. For Emil Habibi, it studies the titles of the following novels: The Hexagon of the Six Days, The Strange Circumstance of the Disappearance of Said Abi Al-Nahs AI-Motashael and The Tale of Saraya Bint Al-Ghoul, As for Jabra Ibrahim Jabra, it studies the titles of these novels: A Scream in a Long Night, Hunters in a Narrow Road, A World with no Maps, In Search of Walid Masoud, The Other Rooms, The Days of Sarab Afan. It finally studies the following titles of Sahar Khalifa,s novels: We are no longer Your Maidservants, Al-Sabar, Abad Al-Shams, The Diary of an Unrealistic Woman, The Door of the Yard and The Heritage. Every chapter begins with an introduction about the novelist, his publications in order to shed light on the novelist as well as on his age. It moves to studying his/her novelistic titles chronologically and ends up with summarizing the most important features of the novelist's titles. The method I used in studying the novelistic titles of the four writers starts with a prelude, mentions the date of the book publication and gives an idea about the most important comments regarding that book. I also presented the figures of the edition under study. Then comes the preface which includes a brief presentation of the novel's, theme, its major characters and events. Afterwards, I moved to a preliminary horizontal study of the title where the components of the title as well as the questions that the title suggests are introduced. A vertical study of the title was then conducted through the textury between the title in the one hand with the text and forms of title emergence in the main text in the other was studied. The answers presented by the main text for understanding the title and the extent to which these answers are in accordance with the preliminary question were also studied. This chapter studies, furthermore, the internal subtitles and their overlapping which the main text in addition to their linguistic and connotative features. Every subject ends up with examining the textury of the title with the other novelistic titles. The researcher hopes that he has accomplished a research, which presents the Palestinian novelistic title in an integral, deep, and comprehensive, which can regarded as a pioneering work. He also hopes that he has presented a research, which encompasses the most important Palestinian novels and deeply studies, their naming system. This research aims, as well, at making the reader whether he is a novelist, a critic or an ordinary reader to deal with the title as a preliminary figure for the novel which has a great importance in achieving the connection between the minor and main text. The researcher finally hopes that the future researchers will make use of the historical narrative of the Palestinian novel, which comes at the end of this research.
Ų£ŁˆŁ„Ł‰ Ų§Ł„Ł†Ł‚ŲÆ Ų§Ł„Ų­ŲÆŁŠŲ« Ų§Ł„Ł†Ųµ Ų§Ł„Ł…ŁˆŲ§Ų²ŁŠ Ų¹Ł†Ų§ŁŠŲ© Ų®Ų§ŲµŲ© , ŁˆŲøŁ‡Ų±ŲŖ ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų§ŲŖ ŲŖŲ£Ų³ŁŠŲ³ŁŠŲ© ŲŖŁ„ŲŖŁŲŖ Ų„Ł„Ł‰ Ų¹Ł†Ų§ŲµŲ±Ł‡ ŁˆŁŁ„Ų³ŁŲŖŁ‡Ų§, ŁˆŲ¹ŲÆŲŖ Ų¹Ł†Ų§ŲµŲ±Ł‡ Ų¬Ł…Ł„Ų© Ł…Ł† Ų§Ł„Ų¹ŲŖŲØŲ§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„Ł…ŁŲ¶ŁŠŲ© Ų„Ł„Ł‰ Ų§Ł„Ł†Ųµ Ų§Ł„Ų±Ų¦ŁŠŲ³ Ų§Ł„ŲŖŁŠ ŲŖŲ­ŁŠŲ·Ł‡ ŲØŲ„Ų“Ų§Ų±Ų§ŲŖ Ų°Ų§ŲŖ Ų„ŁŠŲ­Ų§Ų”Ų§ŲŖ ŲÆŲ§Ł„Ų©, ŁˆŲŖŁ‚ŲÆŁ… Ų„Ų¶Ų§Ų”Ų§ŲŖ ŲŖŲ³Ł‡Ł… ŁŁŠ ŁŁ‡Ł… Ų§Ł„Ł†Ųµ ŁˆŲŖŲ­Ł„ŁŠŁ„Ł‡ ŁˆŁŁƒ Ų±Ł…ŁˆŲ²Ł‡, ŁŲ“Ų±Ų¹ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŲ§Ų±Ų³ŁˆŁ† ŁŠŁ„ŲŖŁŲŖŁˆŁ† Ł„Ł‡Ų°Ų§ Ų§Ł„Ų¬ŲÆŁŠŲÆ, ŁˆŁŠŲŖŲ³Ų§Ų¦Ł„ŁˆŁ† Ų¹Ł†Ų§ŲµŲ±Ł‡, ŁˆŁŠŲ³ŲŖŁ†Ų·Ł‚ŁˆŁ† Ų„Ų“Ų§Ų±Ų§ŲŖŁ‡ Ų£ŲØŲÆŁ‰ ŲØŲ¹Ų¶ Ł†Ł‚Ų§ŲÆ Ų§Ł„ŲŗŲ±ŲØ ŁŁŠ Ų§Ł„Ł†ŲµŁ Ų§Ł„Ų«Ų§Ł†ŁŠ Ł…Ł† Ų§Ł„Ł‚Ų±Ł† Ų§Ł„Ł…Ł†ŲµŲ±Ł… ā€“ŁŁŠ ŁŲ±Ł†Ų³Ų§ Ų®Ų§ŲµŲ©- Ų§Ł‡ŲŖŁ…Ų§Ł…Ų§ ŲØŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų© Ų§Ł„Ł†Ųµ Ų§Ł„Ł…ŁˆŲ§Ų²ŁŠ, ŁˆŲØŲÆŲ£ Ł‡Ų°Ų§ Ų§Ł„Ų§Ł‡ŲŖŁ…Ų§Ł… ŁŠŲ¬ŲÆ ŲµŲÆŁ‰ Ų¹Ł†ŲÆ ŲØŲ¹Ų¶ Ų§Ł„Ł†Ł‚Ų§ŲÆ Ų§Ł„Ų¹Ų±ŲØ ŁŁŠ Ų§Ł„Ų¹Ł‚ŲÆ Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų®ŁŠŲ± Ł…Ł† Ų§Ł„Ł‚Ų±Ł† Ų§Ł„Ł…Ų§Ų¶ŁŠ, ŁŲ£Ų±Ų¶ Ł‡Ų°Ų§ Ų§Ł„Ł…ŁŠŲÆŲ§Ł† Ų¹Ł†ŲÆŁ†Ų§ Ł…Ų§ Ų²Ų§Ł„ŲŖ ŲØŁƒŲ±Ų§, ŲŖŲ­Ų§ŁˆŁ„ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų§ŲŖ ŁˆŲ¶Ų¹ Ł„ŲØŁ†Ų§ŲŖŁ‡Ų§ Ų§Ł„Ų£ŁˆŁ„Ł‰ Ų³Ų¹ŁŠŲ§ Ł„ŲŖŲ£Ų³ŁŠŲ³ Ł…ŲÆŲ§Ł…ŁŠŁƒŲ› ŲŖŁ…ŁƒŁ†Ł†Ų§ Ł…Ł† Ų§Ł„Ų„Ų·Ł„Ų§Ł„ Ų¹Ł„Ł‰ Ų„ŲØŲÆŲ§Ų¹Ł†Ų§ ŁŁŠ Ų§Ł„Ł…ŲŖŲ®ŁŠŁ„ Ų§Ł„Ų³Ų±ŲÆŁŠ ŁˆŲ§Ł„Ł…Ł†Ų¬Ų² Ų§Ł„Ų“Ų¹Ų±ŁŠ Ł…Ł† Ų²Ų§ŁˆŁŠŲ© Ų¬ŲÆŁŠŲÆŲ© ŲøŁ„ŲŖ Ł‡Ų§Ł…Ų“ŁŠŲ© ŁˆŁ…Ł‡Ł…Ł„Ų© ŁŁŠŁ…Ų§ Ų³Ł„Ł Ų±ŲŗŁ… Ų£Ł‡Ł…ŁŠŲŖŁ‡Ų§. Ł…Ł† ŲØŁŠŁ† Ų¹Ł†Ų§ŲµŲ± Ų§Ł„Ł†Ųµ Ų§Ł„Ł…ŁˆŲ§Ų²ŁŠ ŲŖŲ®ŲŖŲ§Ų± Ł‡Ų°Ł‡ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų© Ų§Ł„Ų¹Ł†ŁˆŲ§Ł† Ų§Ł„Ų±ŁˆŲ§Ų¦ŁŠ Ų§Ł„ŁŁ„Ų³Ų·ŁŠŁ†ŁŠ Ł„ŲŖŲÆŲ±Ų³Ł‡ ŁˆŲŖŲØŲ­Ų« ŁŁŠŁ‡, ŁˆŁ„Ų§ ŲŖŁ„ŲŖŁŲŖ ŁƒŲ«ŁŠŲ±Ų§Ł‹ Ł„ŲØŁ‚ŁŠŲ© Ų¹Ł†Ų§ŲµŲ± Ų§Ł„Ł†Ųµ Ų§Ł„Ł…Ų­ŁŠŲ· Ų§Ł„Ł…ŲŖŁ…Ų«Ł„Ų© ŁŁŠ Ł„ŁˆŲ­Ų© Ų§Ł„ŲŗŁ„Ų§Ł ŁˆŲ§Ł„Ų„Ł‡ŲÆŲ§Ų”Ų§ŲŖ ŁˆŲŗŁŠŲ±Ł‡Ų§Ų› ŁˆŲ°Ł„Łƒ Ł„Ų£Ł† Ų§Ł„ŲØŲ­Ų« ŁŁŠŁ‡Ų§ Ų¬Ł…ŁŠŲ¹Ų§ ŁŠŲ­ŲŖŲ§Ų¬ Ų„Ł„Ł‰ Ł…Ų³Ų§Ų­Ų© ŁˆŲ§Ų³Ų¹Ų© ŲŖŲ¶ŁŠŁ‚ Ų¹Ł†Ł‡Ų§ Ų£ŁˆŲ±Ų§Ł‚ Ł‡Ų°Ł‡ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų©, ŁˆŁŠŲ­ŲŖŲ§Ų¬ Ų„Ł„Ł‰ Ų¬Ł‡ŁˆŲÆ ŁƒŲØŁŠŲ±Ų© Ł…Ł† Ų£Ų¬Ł„ Ų§Ł„ŁˆŲµŁˆŁ„ Ų„Ł„Ł‰ Ų§Ł„Ų·ŲØŲ¹Ų§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„Ų£ŁˆŁ„Ł‰ Ł…Ł† Ų§Ł„Ų±ŁˆŲ§ŁŠŲ§ŲŖ ŁˆŁ…ŲŖŲ§ŲØŲ¹Ų© Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲŗŁŠŲ±Ų§ŲŖ ŁŁŠ Ų§Ł„Ų·ŲØŲ¹Ų§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲ§Ł„ŁŠŲ©. ŁˆŁ‚ŲÆ Ų§Ų®ŲŖŲ§Ų±ŲŖ Ł‡Ų°Ł‡ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų© Ų§Ł„Ų¹Ł†ŁˆŲ§Ł†Ų› Ł„Ų£Ł† Ų§Ł„Ų¹Ł†ŁˆŲ§Ł† Ł…Ł† Ų£Ł‡Ł… Ų§Ł„Ų¹ŲŖŲØŲ§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„ŲŖŁŠ ŁŠŲÆŲ±Ų³Ł‡Ų§ Ų§Ł„Ł†Ųµ Ų§Ł„Ł…ŁˆŲ§Ų²ŁŠ, ŁˆŁ‡Łˆ Ų¹ŲŖŲØŲ© Ų§Ł„Ł†Ųµ Ų§Ł„Ų£ŁˆŁ„ŁŠŲ© Ų§Ł„ŲŖŁŠ Ł†ŲÆŲ®Ł„ Ł…Ł†Ł‡Ų§ Ų„Ł„Ł‰ ŲÆŁ‡Ų§Ł„ŁŠŲ²Ł‡, ŁˆŁ‡Łˆ ŁƒŲ°Ł„Łƒ Ł…ŁŲŖŲ§Ų­ Ų„Ų¬Ų±Ų§Ų¦ŁŠ ŁŠŲ³Ł‡Ł… ŁŁŠ ŁŁƒ Ł…ŲŗŲ§Ł„ŁŠŁ‚ Ų§Ł„Ł†Ųµ, ŁˆŁ„Ł„Ų¹Ł†ŁˆŲ§Ł† Ł…ŁƒŁˆŁ†Ų§ŲŖ Ł…ŲŖŁ†ŁˆŲ¹Ų© ŁˆŁˆŲøŲ§Ų¦Ł Ł…ŲŖŲ¹ŲÆŲÆŲ©, ŁˆŲ®ŲµŁˆŲµŁŠŲ§ŲŖ ŁƒŲ«ŁŠŲ±Ų©, ŲŖŲ¬Ų¹Ł„Ł‡ Ł…Ų§ŲÆŲ© ŲŗŁ†ŁŠŲ© ŲµŲ§Ł„Ų­Ų© Ł„Ł„ŲØŲ­Ų« ŁˆŲ§Ł„Ų§Ų³ŲŖŁ‚ŲµŲ§Ų”. ŁˆŁ‚ŲÆ Ų®ŲµŲŖ Ł‡Ų°Ł‡ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų© Ų¹Ł†ŁˆŲ§Ł† Ų§Ł„Ų±ŁˆŲ§ŁŠŲ© Ų§Ł„ŁŁ„Ų³Ų·ŁŠŁ†ŁŠŲ©Ų› Ł„Ų£Ł†Ł‡ Ł…ŁˆŲ¶ŁˆŲ¹ Ł…Ų§ Ų²Ų§Ł„ Ł…Ł‡Ł…Ł„Ų§ Ł„Ł… ŁŠŁ„ŲŖŁŲŖ Ų„Ł„ŁŠŁ‡ ŲØŲµŁˆŲ±Ų© Ų¹Ų§Ł…Ų©, Ų„Ł„Ų§ Ł…Ų§ Ų¬Ų§Ų” ŲŖŁ„Ł…ŁŠŲ­Ų§ ŁŁŠ Ł†Ł‚ŲÆ Ų±ŁˆŲ§ŁŠŲ© Ł…Ų§. ŁƒŁ…Ų§ Ų£Ł† Ų§Ł„Ų±ŁˆŲ§ŁŠŲ© ŲŖŲ¹ŲÆ Ł…Ł† Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų¬Ł†Ų§Ų³ Ų§Ł„Ų£ŲÆŲØŁŠŲ© Ų§Ł„ŲŖŁŠ ŲŖŲŖŲ³Ų¹ Ł„ŲŗŁŠŲ±Ł‡Ų§ ŲÆŁˆŁ† Ų£Ł† ŲŖŁŁ‚ŲÆ Ł…Ł„Ų§Ł…Ų­Ł‡Ų§, ŁˆŁŠŁˆŲøŁ Ų§Ł„Ų±ŁˆŲ§Ų¦ŁŠ ŁŁŠŁ‡Ų§ Ų¬Ł…Ł„Ų© Ł…Ł† Ų§Ł„Ų·Ų§Ł‚Ų§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„Ų„ŲØŲÆŲ§Ų¹ŁŠŲ©. ŁˆŁ„Ų§ Ų±ŁŠŲØ Ų£Ł† Ų§Ł„Ų¹Ł†ŁˆŲ§Ł† ŁŁŠŁ‡Ų§ Ł…ŁŁƒŲ± ŁŁŠŁ‡ ŲØŲ¹Ł…Ł‚ Ł„ŁŠŲ­Ł…Ł„ Ų¹ŲØŲ” Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲ³Ł…ŁŠŲ© Ų§Ł„Ł…Ł…ŁŠŲ²Ų© Ł„Ł‡ Ų¹Ł† ŲŗŁŠŲ±Ł‡, ŁˆŁ„ŁŠŁƒŁˆŁ† ŲØŁ…Ł‚ŲÆŁˆŲ±Ł‡ Ų§Ł„Ł‚ŁŠŲ§Ł… ŲØŁˆŲøŲ§Ų¦ŁŁ‡ Ų§Ł„Ł…ŲŖŲ¹ŲÆŲÆŲ©. ŁˆŁ„Ų§ Ų“Łƒ Ų£Ł† ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³ŲŖŁ‡ Ų³ŲŖŁƒŲ“Ł Ų¹Ł† Ł…Ł†Ų§Ų­ Ų„ŲØŲÆŲ§Ų¹ŁŠŲ© ŲŗŲ§ŲØŲŖ Ų£Łˆ Ų£Ł‡Ł…Ł„ŲŖ ŁŁŠŁ…Ų§ Ų³ŲØŁ‚. ŲµŲÆŲ± Ł…Ų§ ŁŠŁ‚Ų§Ų±ŲØ Ł…Ł† Ų£Ų±ŲØŲ¹Ł…Ų§Ų¦Ų© Ų¹Ł†ŁˆŲ§Ł† Ų±ŁˆŲ§Ų¦ŁŠ ŁŁ„Ų³Ų·ŁŠŁ†ŁŠ Ų­ŲŖŁ‰ Ł‡Ų°Ų§ Ų§Ł„Ų¹Ų§Ł… ā€“ 2002-, Ł‡Ų°Ł‡ Ų§Ł„Ų¹Ł†Ų§ŁˆŁŠŁ† ŲŖŁ…Ų«Ł„ Ų§Ł„Ł…Ų³ŁŠŲ±Ų© Ų§Ł„ŁŁ†ŁŠŲ© Ł„Ł„Ų±ŁˆŲ§ŁŠŲ© Ų§Ł„ŁŁ„Ų³Ų·ŁŠŁ†ŁŠŲ© Ų¹ŲØŲ± Ł‚Ų±Ł† Ł…Ł† Ų§Ł„Ų²Ł…Ų§Ł† Ų£Łˆ ŁŠŲ²ŁŠŲÆ, ŁˆŲ³Ų§Ų±ŲŖ Ų§Ł„Ų±ŁˆŲ§ŁŠŲ© Ł…Ų¹ Ų§Ł„Ł‚Ų¶ŁŠŲ© Ł„ŲŖŲ±Ų§ŁŁ‚Ł‡Ų§ Ų¹ŲØŲ± Ł…Ų­Ų·Ų§ŲŖŁ‡Ų§ Ų§Ł„Ų­Ų§Ų³Ł…Ų© Ł„Ł„ŁˆŲ·Ł† ŁˆŲ§Ł„Ų„Ł†Ų³Ų§Ł†, ŁˆŲ§Ł†Ų·Ł„Ł‚ŲŖ ŲØŲŖŲ³Ų§Ų±Ų¹ Ł…ŲŖŲŗŁŠŲ± ŲØŁŠŁ† Ł…Ų­Ų·Ų© ŁˆŲ£Ų®Ų±Ł‰ Ł„ŲŖŲŗŲ·ŁŠ Ų§Ł„Ų­Ų§Ł„Ų© Ų§Ł„ŁŁ„Ų³Ų·ŁŠŁ†ŁŠŲ© Ų¹Ł„Ł‰ Ų³Ų§Ų­Ų© Ų§Ł„ŁˆŲ·Ł† ŁˆŲ§Ł„Ų“ŲŖŲ§ŲŖ, ŁˆŁ„ŲŖŲŗŲÆŁˆ Ų£Ų­ŲÆ Ł…Ų¹Ų§Ł„Ł… Ų§Ł„Ų«Ł‚Ų§ŁŲ© Ų§Ł„ŁŁ„Ų³Ų·ŁŠŁ†ŁŠŲ©. ŲŖŲØŁ†Ł‰ Ų§Ł„Ł†Ł‚Ų§ŲÆ Ų§Ł„ŁŁ„Ų³Ų·ŁŠŁ†ŁŠŁŠŁ† ŁˆŲ§Ł„Ų¹Ų±ŲØ Ł†Ł…Ų§Ų°Ų¬ Ł…Ų¹ŲÆŁˆŲÆŲ© Ł…Ł†Ł‡Ų§, ŁˆŲŖŁ„Łƒ Ł„Ų§ ŲŖŲ²ŁŠŲÆ ŁŁŠ Ų¹ŲÆŲÆŁ‡Ų§ Ų¹Ł„Ł‰ Ų§Ł„Ų®Ł…Ų³ŁŠŁ† Ų±ŁˆŲ§ŁŠŲ© ŁƒŁ…Ų§ Ł„Ų§Ų­ŲøŲŖ Ł…Ł† Ų®Ł„Ų§Ł„ Ų„Ų¹ŲÆŲ§ŲÆ Ł‡Ų°Ł‡ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų©, ŁˆŲØŁ‚ŁŠŲŖ Ų§Ł„Ų±ŁˆŲ§ŁŠŲ§ŲŖ Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų®Ų±Ł‰ Ł…Ł‡Ł…Ł„Ų©, ŁŁˆŲ¬ŲØ Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲ°ŁƒŁŠŲ± ŁˆŁ„Łˆ ŲØŲ£Ų³Ł…Ų§Ų¦Ł‡Ų§ Ł…Ł† Ų®Ł„Ų§Ł„ Ų±ŲµŲÆ Ų­Ų±ŁƒŲ© ŲŖŲ·ŁˆŲ± Ų¹Ł†Ų§ŁˆŁŠŁ†Ł‡Ų§ ŁˆŲ®ŲµŲ§Ų¦Ųµ Ł‡Ų°Ł‡ Ų§Ł„Ų¹Ł†Ų§ŁˆŁŠŁ† Ų§Ł„Ł„ŲŗŁˆŁŠŲ© ŁˆŲ§Ł„ŲÆŁ„Ų§Ł„ŁŠŲ©, ŁˆŁŠŲØŁ‚Ł‰ Ł‡Ų°Ų§ Ų§Ł„ŁƒŁ… Ų§Ł„Ł‡Ų§Ų¦Ł„ Ł…Ł† Ų§Ł„Ų¹Ł†Ų§ŁˆŁŠŁ†, ŁˆŁ‡Ų°Ų§ Ų§Ł„ŲŖŁ†ŁˆŲ¹ Ų§Ł„ŁƒŲØŁŠŲ± Ł…ŁˆŲ¶ŁˆŲ¹Ų§ ŁŠŲ³ŲŖŲ­Ł‚ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŲ±Ų§Ų³Ų© Ł…Ł† Ų£Ų¬Ł„ ŲŖŁ„Ł…Ų³ Ł…Ł„Ų§Ł…Ų­Ł‡, ŁˆŲ§Ų³ŲŖŲ“Ų±Ų§Ł Ų„Ų“Ų±Ų§Ł‚Ų§ŲŖŁ‡ ŁˆŲ§Ł„Ł†ŲøŲ± ŁŁŠ Ł…ŁˆŲ§Ų·Ł† Ų„Ų®ŁŲ§Ł‚Ų§ŲŖŁ‡.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/6629
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Arabic Language And Literature