Second Palestinian International Conference on Material Science and Nanotechnology (PICNM2016)

Permanent URI for this collection

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/13000

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 72

Purification of Groundwater from Heavy Toxic Metals using Suspended Polydentate Supported Ligands
(2016-03-23) Khalaf, Bayan
This study aims to prepare and develop several vehicles chelation polydentate supported ligands and then installed it using sol-gel or polymerization or to be susceptible to imply conjunction with the highly toxic heavy metal ions in the water and disrupted the underground water used for drinking or agriculture, as the process of interaction between ligands and heavy metals depends on the circumstances surrounding conditions which are treated in this research. Metal ion uptake through complexation or hydrogels can be affected by hydrophilichydrophobic balance, the nature of chelate ligands and the extent of cross-linking of macromolecular supports. Ligand function also dictates reactivity, complexation ability and efficiency of polymer supported ligands in the present case expected to be good solution for such problem. This research involves the synthesis and characterization of new polysiloxane surfaces modified with ortho-, meta-, or para-nitrophenyl moieties. The resulting adsorbents have been characterized by SEM, IR, UV, 13C solid state NMR, BET surface area, B.J.H. pore sizes and TGA. These porous materials showed a very good thermal and chemical stability and hence they can be used as perfect adsorbents to uptake Cd(II), Pb(II) and Ni(II) from groundwater taking from Burqin town in Palestine. In order to investigate the adsorption efficiency for each adsorption process. The effect of solution conditions on each adsorption process were studied. These conditions involve the effect of contact time, pH value, temperature, adsorbent dose and the initial concentration of adsorbate. The maximum extent of adsorption was for (Si-p-NO2) polymer in the presence of lead ions. This adsorption process needed only 1 minute of shaking to have 99.95% as percent of Pb(II) removal at solution conditions of 20°C temperature, pH value equals 8, 5 mg adsorbent dose, 50 ppm of Pb(II) solution as initial concentration and 7 mL solution volume. The best equilibrium isotherm model for each adsorption process was investigated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm adsorption models. The kinetics of adsorption were also investigated using pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models. In addition, Van’t Hoff plot for each adsorption was investigated in order to determine the values of enthalpy change and entropy change.
Electrical properties of the Yb/Ga2S3 interface
(2016-03-23) NazzalU, UEman O.
GaR2RSR3R thin films are deposited onto Ytterbium substrate at vacuum pressure of 10P-5P mbar for use as new class of optoelectronic devices. The Yb/GaR2RSR3R interface is studied by means of current- voltage characteristics, impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 1.0 M-1.8 GHz and the power spectroscopy in the frequency range of 1.0 M-3.0 GHz. The studies allowed determining the current conduction mechanism at the interface, the capacitive and inductive reactance, the resonance -antiresonance spectral positions, the inductive region width as well as the notch frequency of wave filtering. The resulting values and behaviors of the frequency dependent parameters indicated that the Yb/GaR2RSR3R heterojunction are promising interface for use as band stop filters and wave traps. These filters are also observed to be tunable through voltage biasing indicating the applicability of the devices as voltage linear oscillator.
Water Soluble [Cu(dien)(NN)]Br2 complexes and their antibacterial activity
(2016-03-23) Abu Saleemh, Fatima
Water soluble dicationic copper(II) complexes of general formula [Cu(dien)(NN)]Br2 [dien = diethelenetriamineand NN is diamines] were made available in good yield under ultrasonic mode. The reaction was monitored by both FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The 3D structure was solved by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The solvatochromism phenomena of such complexes is recorded in several types of solvents. These complexes were spectrally and thermally characterized. The complexes showed higher antibacterial activity against several types of bacteria depending on their structures geometry.
Mechanical properties of the CdSe/GaSe and CdSe/InSe bilayers
(2016-03-23) Abu GhannamU, Arwa N.
In this study we have grown a 100 nm thick InSe and GaSe onto polycrystalline CdSe thin films. The double layers are focused to X-ray diffraction beam of power of 1.2 kW. The X-ray diffraction patterns for the two types of the films are analyzed to fix the effect of the replacement of GaSe with InSe on the mechanical properties of the CdSe thin layer. The calculated lattice parameters, Miller indices, micro-strain, dislocation density, grain size and degree of orientation are observed to be highly influenced by this replacement. Namely, the micro-strain decreased from 0.0121 to 0.0077 and the grain size increased from 14.2 nm to 21.3 nm. Consistently, the defect density in the CdSe decreased from 2.39×10P12P to 2.83×10P11P line/cmP2P, when the CdSe is covered by InSe instead of GaSe. These improvements in the mechanical properties are promising as they indicate lower energy barrier hight to the electron motion as a result of decreased strain and larger grain size.
Microwave thermolysis of oxime-copper(II) complex to rode nanometal oxides
(2016-03-23) Dawabsheh, A.
Copper oxide nanoparticles belong to monoclinic structure system, it has different applications according to the chemical and physical properties such as superconductivity [8], photovoltaic properties, relative stability, low cost and the antimicrobial activity. There are several ways to synthesize the copper oxide nanoparticles in various sizes and shapes, and has entered into several major applications in our daily lives. We here, in this work discuss microwave radiations of novel copper bromide/di-2-pyridyl ketone oxime complex as single precursors to prepare monoclinic CuO nanoparticles, as seen scheme 1, and their characterization by many techniques such as: XRD , SEM, EDX, UV-Vis. and FT-IR.
Pure Palladium nanoparticles through themolysis of PdCl2(Pan) complex under microwave Mode
(2016-03-23) Nabil, Al-Zaqri
PdClR2R(Pan) complex was served as precursor to prepare uniform and stable Palladium nanoparticles using oleic acid as solvent and reducing agent under time-depended microwave radiation (from 0-10 min). Reduction of PdXR2R(Pan) by MW to Pd nanoparticles was monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy at four different maxima wavelengths . The new Pd-nanoparticle material were characterized by several physical methods, such as UV–vis spectroscopy, IR, NMR, SEM, TEM, XRD analysis and PSA which confirmed the formation of nano-palladium material. Both the pure Palladium complex and Palladium NPS revealed high catalytic activity when subjected to Heck C-C cross coupling reaction under basic mild conditions [1-4].
Single thermolysis of phenanthroline-Metal complexes to nanometal oxides
(2016-03-23) Warad, Ismail
Several types of transition metal ions complexes-with phen and their derivatives were synthesized and characterized by an elemental analysis, UV-Vis, IR, TG/DTA, NMR, CV and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Some of these complexes were isolated and crystalized as mono- or di-nuclear complexes as seen in Fig.1 Direct thrombolysis of selective complexes, revealed the formation of MO nanoparticle with several cell units. The new desired metal oxide-nanoparticle material were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, IR, SEM, TEM, XRD analysis and PSA
Enhanced semiconductor nano-film electrodes in solar energy conversion: new achievements at An-Najah N. University
(2016-03-23) Hilal, H. S.
Semiconductor (SC) surfaces are useful electrodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) processes. Solar light that reaches Earth is mostly in visible and infrared regions, with little UV. Thus, metal chalcogenide films with medium band gap (2.4 -1.8 eV; 550 – 700 nm) are heavily investigated. Unfortunately, such SC materials are unstable and degrade under PEC conditions. Therefore, stabilizing them is imperative. In these laboratories, the students’ earlier works showed how chemical anchoring metalloporphyrin complexes to monolithic SC (GaAs, Si) surfaces enhanced their efficiency but not the stability. Later on, the students used metalloporphyrin/polymer matrices to enhance both efficiency and stability of these electrodes. Nano-film SC electrodes are being considered as alternative for monolithic SC electrodes due to cost and environmental considerations. Same technique has then been used for nano-film electrodes (CuS, CuSe, CdTe, etc) with known low efficiency and stability. Compared to reported conversion efficiencies in the range 0.5 - 5.0%, the systems described here exhibit very high conversion efficiency values of 14%, 18% and 19% for CuSe, CuS and CdTe films, respectively. Such results have not been preceded by known metal chalcogenide nano-film electrodes. The metalloporphyrin cations are responsible for such enhancement. By lowering the SC flat band edge position, and by speeding up the hole transfer across solid/liquid junction, the metalloporphyrin ions enhanced SC short-circuit current, conversion efficiency and stability. The type of the polymer coating also affects the conversion efficiency. Details of these new findings will be presented together with the model that best explains mode of action of metalloporphyrin ions.
The heat capacity of GaAs semiconductor quantum dot presented in magnetic fields
(2016-03-23) Shaer, Ayham
The heat capacity of two interacting electrons confined in a parabolic quantum dot presented in a magnetic field had been calculated by solving the Hamiltonian using exact diagonalization method. We had investigated the dependence of the heat capacity on temperature, magnetic field and confining frequency. The singlet triplet transitions in the ground state of the quantum dot spectra and the corresponding jumps in the heat capacity curves had been shown. The comparisons show that our results are in very good agreement with reported works.
Modifying PEC characteristics of CuS thin film electrodes prepared by electrodeposition: effect of cooling rate and coverage with electroactive composite material
(2016-03-23) Al-Kerm, Rana Sultan
Binary compound semiconductors of CuS were grown on FTO/glass substrates by electrodeposition method. The prepared films were then covered with tetra(-4-pyridyl)porphyrinatomanganese(II/III) sulfate (MnIIMTPyP & MnIII TPyP) embedded into a polyethylene polymer matrix. The covered films were annealed under nitrogen and used for a photoelectrochemical study in aqueous electrolyte solutions for the first time. Effects of pre-annealing temperature (150, 250 and 350 oC), cooling rate, annealing time, and using different aqueous electrolytic systems, of the covered thin film electrodes, on their photolumenescence spectra, electronic absorption spectra, dark J-V plots, photo J-V plots, conversion efficiency and value of short-circuit current, have been studied. The modified electrode surfaces were more stable to degradation in the dark and under illumination than the unmodified ones. Furthermore, the modified electrodes showed higher light-to-electricity conversion efficiency than the unmodified ones. Based on this study, it is strongly recommended to pre-anneal CuS films and cover them with MnP/PE matrices before using them in PEC processes.
Optical properties of the ZnPC thin films
(2016-03-23) Abdalghafour, Mays A. H.
In this work, the ZnPc thin films which were prepared by the vacuum deposition technique is optically characterized by means of Uv-Vis spectrophotometery. For this purpose two films of different thickness are selected. The optical, transmission, reflection and absorption allowed determining the, the absorption bands, the energy band gap, the real and imaginary dielectric constants, the dielectric media quality factor and the optical conductivity of the films. It was observed that the more thick the film, the higher the absorption and the less the energy band gap. On the other hand, the dielectric dispersion analysis revealed that the dielectric spectra which is investigated in the frequency range of 300-1000 THz, shifted toward higher values when the thickness increased from 0.8 to 2.4 mm. In addition, three additional dielectric resonance peaks are observed at 764, 684 and 470 THz for the to 2.4 mm thick sample. Moreover, the oscillator and dispersion energies for both films are determined in accordance with the single oscillator model approach and observed to be slightly influenced by the increasing thickness.
Single walled carbon nanotubes-Ciprofloxacin nanoantibiotic: Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity
(2016-03-23) Abdallah, Farah
Despite the modern medicinal chemistry in designing new therapeutic agents by using different new innovative techniques in molecular modeling and combinatorial chemistry, beside to their expensive cost, infectious diseases continue to be one of the greatest health challenges worldwide. The main disadvantages for conventional antibiotics are the development of multiple drug resistance and adverse side effects. Recent advancement in nanotechnology has expanded our ability to design and construct nanomaterials with targeting, therapeutic, and diagnostic functions. Among nanotechnology-derived materials, carbon nanotubes have stimulated a great interest for biomedical applications because of their unique mechanical, electrical, thermal and spectroscopic properties.Nevertheless, advances in these directions have been hampered by the insolubility of CNTs in most solvents, and most importantly in water where they exist as ropes and large bundles. To overcome these problems we have recently development various approximations for the water solubilzation of SWCNTs. So, here we aim to develop a new nano-antibiotic based on carbon nanotubes by functionalizing them covalently with Ciprofloxacin antibiotic and proposing that the large surface area of CNT and/or this new nano-prodrug will prevent the bacteria to throw them out once they penetrate the membrane. In this communication, the full synthesis of the nanoantibiotic will be presented by the covalent functionalization of SWCNTs. A full characterization by TEM, SEM, TGA and Raman spectroscopy have been conducted in order to determine the morphology, size and the quantity of the functionalized SWCNTs. Finally, the antibacterial activity has been determined on three different strains E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa obtaining a better activity in comparison to the ciprofloxacin antibiotic alone. This study will open the door to develop nanoantibiotic with ease synthesis and low cost with an efficient and effective manner to have a powerful antibacterial activity to the existing antibiotic.
Carvedilol-loaded poly(D,L) Lactide nanoparticles/ microparticles : Preparation, Characterization and drug release profile
(2016-03-23) Bani-Odeh, M.
The oral solid dosage forms are the most preferred among other dosage forms because they offer some advantages such as the ease of administration with a high patient compliance, the ease to prepare, transport with high store stability and the low cost of manufacturing processes. Beside of these advantages, the conventional drug release dosage form suffers from various inconvenient that offer many challenges for pharmaceutical industries. Two important factors responsible for these inconvenient are 1) the immediate release of the drug, with little or no control upon the release rate and also 2) their low solubility and/or permeability. One promising method, is the utilization of biodegradable polymer nanoparticles in drug delivery to overcome the disadvantages mentioned previously in the developing of oral solid dosage form. This technology has shown to enhance the solubility and hence; absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs; efficiently target drugs into distant areas in the body; enhance cellular uptake of drugs across tight epithelial and endothelial barriers; deliver two or more drugs using the same carrier. Carvedilol, is an anithypertensive agent that is used widely in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. However, it suffers from low water solubility which will decrease its oral bioavailability. In this work we aim to prepare Carvedilol poly (D,L) lactide (PDLLA) nanoparticles/microparticles with high loading efficiency and to optimize the size and morphology of the developed particles in order to study the Carvedilol release profile from the obtained particles at room and body temperatures. In this communication, the preparation of the PDLLA nanoparticles and microparticles and their loading with Carvedilol will be presented. A full characterization of the obtained particles by AFM in order to optimize their size and morphology will be discussed. Finally, the Carvedilol release profiles from the PDLLA nanoparticles and microparticles have been determined at room and body temperatures.
New Routes for Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Superabsorbent Polymers
(2016-03-23) Abu Jaber, Firas Jaber
New Sucrose – based monomers were prepared. The prepared monomers are Allyl Sucrose (AS) and Epoxy Ally Sucrose (EAS). Allyl sucrose was prepared by reacting sugar with allyl chloride in an alkaline medium. Allyl sucrose was then converted into epoxy allyl sucrose by epoxidation with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA). The prepared sucrose-based monomers were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Both sucrose-based monomers were then used as cross-linking agents to prepare an entirely new class of special biodegradable superabsorbent polymers. In addition, other cross-linking agent were also used including 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (1,4-BDGE), and ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA). Ethylene glycol diacrylate was chosen because it is a well known cross-linking agent that is reported in the literature as a cross-linking agent for superabsorbent polymers. 1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether was used for the first time as cross-linking agent for superabsorbent polymer. The absorbency for the prepared SAP’s were evaluated. Free swell for the prepared polymers was measured using the tea bag test, and the absorbency under load was measured using the hanging cell test method. Results showed that the free swells and absorbency under load decrease by increasing percentage of cross-linking agent, lowest absorbency observed at cross-linking about 4%. SAP cross-linked with EAS has the highest absorbent capacity and absorbency under load. This could be because it has the highest polarity and highest number of hydroxyl groups. The advantages of the prepared polymers over the commercial one are that: first; they are biodegradable as shown by the biodegradability test; second, they are prepared in one step process. Since the commercial SAP is prepared in a two-step process, in the first step the acrylic acid is polymerized with the crosslinking agent then the produced SAP is surface cross-linked to enhance it absorbency under load.
Light polarization effects on the optical properties of Se
(2016-03-23) Omariya, Olfat
Here in this work, the reflection/transmission of selenium thin film was studied using UV-VIS Spectroscopy. The spectral reflection and transmission were recorded at various wavelengths and variable angle of incidence. In addition, the polarization effects on optical reflectance and transmittance of Se film had been discussed as function of the angle of incidence in range of 30-80PoP. Moreover, the absorption spectral analysis as function of polarization angle revealed an anisotropic behavior of the Se films. Particularly, the dependence of direct energy band gap on the polarization angle was explored and found to exhibit an increasing trend with increasing angle of polarization. The dynamics of the dielectric constant spectra as function of polarization angle also studied.
Hydrogen Storage on 3.5nm Core/Shell Mg/Pd Clusters Synthesized by Combined Salt Reduction-Electrochemical Technique
(2016-03-23) Aref, Diaa
Hydrogen energy is an ideal renewable energy for as-present and future energy sources because of its energy is highly efficient with no harmful emissions compared with fossil fuels. However, it still needs many technologies to implement, like suitable storage system. There are mainly three ways for hydrogen storage, as a high pressured gas, high cryogenic liquid, or in solid materials. Both of the high pressure and liquid phase hydrogen storage systems were considered inconvenient routs because of efficiency, safety, and economic problems, in addition to the large energy consumption in liquidation hydrogen gas and in low temperature keeping. Currently, the solid materials for hydrogen storage well on way to explore or create the most suitable material for this purpose. Either Magnesium and palladium metals have a remarkable hydrogen uptake capacity under proper conditions. Palladium uptakes hydrogen more like the sponge when absorbing water molecules and Magnesium is considered the most promising metal for hydrogen storage material in terms of 7.6% (wt%) of hydrogen that can be up taken. Unfortunately, several drawbacks were emerged on the scene when they have been applied. Palladium is a heavy metal and magnesium has problems in hydrogen diffusion and releasing processes makes them not suite to be used as hydrogen storage materials. The combining of the both metals (Mg & Pd) have explored a promising properties and could be the solution for their H-storage drawbacks, through catalyzing the hydrogen adsorption/desorption process for magnesium and reducing the weight by lowering the amounts of Pd in the solid matrix. In this project, nanoparticles of Mg and Pd metals with special morphological structure, known as core/shell, was synthesized using combined salt reduction - electrochemical technique, and the hydrogen storage capacity were investigated by studying the absorption and desorption behavior of both Pressure-concentration-temperature isotherm (PCT) and kinetics kind of view using Gravimetric analysis of high-vacuum electronic microbalance.
Synthesis of NiO nanoparticles via thermolysis of (phenanthroline)NiCl2 complex
(2016-03-23) Barakat, Assem
The synthesized (2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)NiClR2R complex (see the Scheme) was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy and differential thermal/thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA). The 3D structure of the desired complex was solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) as triclinic system. The desired complex, subjected to thermal decomposition at low temperature of 400 °C in an open atmosphere, revealed a novel and facile synthesis of pure NiO nanoparticles with uniform spherical particle; the structure of the NiO nanoparticles product was elucidated on the basis of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, TG/DTA, XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Complexes formed between DNA and poly(amido amine) dendrimers of different generations
(2016-03-23) Qamhieh, Khawla
Gene therapy holds a promise in healing cancer and other genetic diseases by directly delivering therapeutic DNA into living cells. Although viruses have been demonstrated to be efficient delivery vectors, their toxicity and immunogenicity have limited their general use. Poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, being protonated under physiological conditions, have great potential as nonviral vectors for gene transfection. Many experimental and simulation studies have been performed to study the effect of dendrimer size, charge, and salt concentration on the structure and transfection efficiency of condensed DNA aggregates. In our study we investigated the complexation of dendrimers with DNA molecule using theoretical model and Coarse-Grained molecular dynamics simulations. Throughout the study, first we emphasized on the effect of the medium’s environments on the complexation of LPE chain with one dendrimer, namely the concentration of 1:1 salt solution, dielectric permittivity of the solvent, and pH conditions. Other factors have been investigated such as size and charge of the dendrimers, degree of polymerization of the LPE chain, and it’s rigidity. Then we investigated the effect of the salt concentration on the interaction between linearized DNA plasmids (4331 bp) and positively charged dendrimers of generations 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8, previously studied experimentally. It is found that in the first case of complexation of LPE chain with one dendrimer, the wrapping degree of the chain around the dendrimer increases by increasing dendrimer’s charge, Bjerum length, length of the LPE chain, and salt concentration. Also, charge inversion of dendrimer is obtained, and the value of the inverted charge increases by increasing the above mentioned parameters. While the complex shows more wrapping degrees, and less inverted charge as the pH of the solution decreases. In the case of complexation of DNA plasmids with dendrimer of different generations, the wrapping length of the LPE chain depends on dendrimer generation. With small generations, the optimal wrapping length of LPE chain around dendrimer increases by increasing the salt concentration, while, the complexation is insensitive to ionic strength with large generations.
Aqua bromo-bis-(propane-1,3-diamine)copper(II) bromide nanocrystal complex
(2016-03-23) Abd Al-Ghani, Bahaa
Nanocrystal Cu(II) complex was prepared as in the scheme, characterized by spectroscopic techniques (IR, TOF-MS, UV-Visible, TG/DTA) and finally its three dimensional structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. The CuPIIP ion is five coordinated by four nitrogen atoms of the base ligand and one bromide ion. In the crystal structure, molecules are connected through intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the type N---H...Br and N---H…O.
The Risk of Ionizing Radiation Arising from Waste on Workers at Regions in Some landfills in West Bank
(2016-03-23) Abu Zayed, Saeed N.
The study sample consists of 74 workers who were chosen randomly from different seven landfills in West Bank. In this study, Gamma dose equivalent rate and Beta particles flux density were measured. In addition, the health parameters were measured to study the effect of ionizing radiation which arises from waste on landfill workers. The measured Gamma dose equivalent rate ranged from 0.26 mSv/y to 3.50 mSv/y for all landfills. Two of the landfills have values above the international standard value which is 1 mSv/y. The measured Beta dose equivalent rate ranged from 0.01 mSv/y to 0.73 mSv/y for all landfills, which is below the international standard value. Measurements of arterial blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), tympanic temperature, heart pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation showed a change before and after exposure to ionizing radiation, but this change is in the normal human range.

Browse

Browsing Second Palestinian International Conference on Material Science and Nanotechnology (PICNM2016) by Issue Date

Results Per Page

Sort Options