Water and Environmental Engineering

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/3189

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Browsing Water and Environmental Engineering by Author "Dr. Anan F. Jayyousi"

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    Environmental Assessment and Economic Valuation of Wastewater Generated from Israeli Settlements in the West Bank
    (2012) Dorgham Adel Shreim; Dr. Anan F. Jayyousi
    Since 45 years of the Israeli occupation to Palestine, Israel continues to destroy the Palestinian lands, and the land may be deteriorated over time due to the cumulative effects of several years of practices. The work of this thesis focused on the environmental assessment and economic valuation of wastewater generated from Israel settlements in the West Bank. The questionnaire was developed to achieve the objectives of the research and the result was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results show the total numbers of settlements in the West Bank are 173 settlements with total population equal 483thousand, which produced around 60MCM/year, this means that the wastewater generated per capita per day per each settler approximately 343liter according to the calculations throw this research. Results show that the numbers of settlements in the in the Western aquifer are 65 which produced 25 MCM/year, while in the Eastern aquifer are 97 settlements which produced 33 MCM/year and in the Northeastern aquifer are 9 settlements which produced nearly 2 MCM/year. Results confirm that the wastewater generated from Israel settlements considered as one of the main sources of pollution for Palestinian land, environmental, groundwater resources and it is affect on the economy. Overall, the recommendations call all relevant authorities to assume their responsibilities and to take immediate actions to control an if possible to prevent deterioration of the Palestinian land and the groundwater contamination.
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    Evaluation of Water Resources Management Options in Gaza Strip using WEAP
    (2010) Nour Eddin Abdul Monem M. Jaradat; Dr. Hafez Q. Shaheen; Dr. Anan F. Jayyousi
    The Gaza Strip is facing a challenge of water shortage and the unbalanced municipal water supply-demand situation. The extraction from coastal aquifer is almost twice the available recharge that has resulted in fresh water level decline by 20-30 cm per year (PWA, 2003). The main objective of this work is provide analysis towards an integrated water resource management (IWRM) for the Gaza Strip using Water Evaluation and Planning software (WEAP). This will be accomplished through evaluating the existing water demand and supply conditions and expected future demand and supply scenarios taking into account the different operating policies and factors that affect demand. The study methodology consists of five components. First, all needed maps and data are collected and incorporated into the model. Then development of future management scenarios were established. Next, IWRM analysis were conducted. After that, evaluation of water resources management options were provided. Finally, a set of water management recommendations are provided. The WEAP model is used to provide analysis towards building an Integrated Water Resources Management ( IWRM) tool for the Gaza Strip as a case study. Three scenarios have been considered in this work. These scenarios are also in line with those scenarios assumed in water sector strategic planning study and the GLOWA-Jordan River project. Those scenarios are (1)Current State (2) when economy moves on but no development in the political conditions. (3) Independent State with economy moves on. The political aspects and the economic conditions are the key factors in developing water resources management options for Palestine. The results shows that the gap between demand and supply will grow dramatically if current supply conditions continued, water demand varies significantly according to the assumed future political situation, and underlined the importance role of water management aspects. And the results shows that the water demand will vary according to three scenarios; the water demand will increase from 201 MCM in scenario 1, to 266 MCM in scenario 2 to 371 MCM in scenario 3 by the year 2020. And the water demand gap will be filled if scenario 3 achieved; it turns out to be zero until year 2018. Even that the gap will be 74 MCM in scenario 2, and 105 MCM in scenario 1. Also the results revealed that an additional amounts more than 200 MCM is needed to satisfy water needs and development. The results confirmed that WEAP can be applied as a Decision Support System (DSS) tool for the water resource management in the Gaza Strip.