Natural Sciences

Permanent URI for this collection

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/18293

Browse

Browsing Natural Sciences by Author "Angham Jamal Ahmad Salahat"

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    OLIVE INDUSTRY SOLID WASTE WITH IONIC FUNCTIONALITY: PREPARATION, THERMAL BONDING AND USE AS A METAL ADSORBENT FROM WASTEWATER
    (2022-11-21) Angham Jamal Ahmad Salahat
    Background: The most important resource for life's survival is water. Unfortunately, Due to the fast growth of population, increase global industrial activities, careless utilization of natural resources, water pollution crosses the limits. Contaminated water with hazard’s heavy metals from industrial and agricultural sources is one of the most critical issues that World Health Organization (WHO) and researchers focusing and searching for suitable solutions to eliminate it. Modifying existing polymers may be the simplest and most productive way to develop a low-cost adsorbent with high efficiency against metals and hazardous organic compounds. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish a natural source and low-cost technique to make a new adsorbent for hazardous metal ions. What distinguish our study is the use of a raw natural polymeric materials, usually a commercial polymer used at other studies. Methodology: Adding carboxylate functionality to Olive Industry Solid Waste (OISW) components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) by CMC reaction, after subjecting the waste to purification by Soxhlet extraction, followed by thermal treatment produced Carboxymethylated OISW polymer a novel polymer with new ionic functionality. Results: The polymer was characterized using FT-IR, TGA, and AFM, to examine the polymers structures and its thermal stability, and to obtain a Nano scale image of the polymer surface respectively. Degree of substitution and solubility of the produced polymer were also determined. Carboxymethylated OISW polymer was tested as a Pb(II) and Cu (II) ions adsorbent that were used as model ions in this study. Metal ion concentration, temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage contact time and shaking speed were all evaluated as parameters influencing the adsorption process. The percentage removal of Pb(II) by carboxymethylated OISW polymer was about 85 percent rate, and that of Cu(II) was 93 percent. Adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics were also investigated in order to obtain a better knowledge of adsorption spontaneity and mechanism. As determined by the adsorption parameters, Langmuir isotherm of adsorption, and Freundlich isotherm model was tested. Equilibrium reaction with Cu(II) obey Langmuir isotherm model, and pseudo-second order reaction, also for Pb(II) results shows that Langmuir isotherm model obey, and pursues a pseudo-second order model. Also, the reaction thermodynamics indicates that the adsorption process is spontaneous. Conclusion: Adsorption efficiency of the Carboxymethylated OISW polymer was evaluated on a real-wastewater (sewage) sample as well. The polymer showed quantitative removal for most of the toxic metal ions present in wastewater not just lead and mercury. Keywords: Carboxymethylated OISW polymer; Copper; Heavy metal; Lead; Olive industry solid waste; Water pollution, Water treatment,