Diclofenac nanomicelles: Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity
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Date
2015-05-30
Authors
Raeda Alhawareen
Haifa Najajreh
Oraib Rabaya
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Abstract
Diclofenac is the most well-known globally non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drug (NSAIDs), Diclofenac produces analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-
inflammatory effects and is widely used for the treatment of moderate pain
and inflammation, its absorption may be influenced by gastric emptying rate
and mechanical agitation in the stomach, and it has low solubility and low
dissolution profile, so in this study we try to develop a novel drug delivery
system of diclofenac derivative which have amphiphilic structure that is
capable to self assemble to form nanomicelles which will be more water
soluble with high efficiency of loading capacity that will work as a sustained
release system. By using different polymers (triethylene glycol TEG,
polyethylene glycol PEG 400, PEG 600) presenting the hydrophilic chain,
linking the chain with the hydrophobic drug (Diclofenac). We successfully
synthesize the diclofenac derivatives and their characterization using
Nuclear Magnatic Resonance (NMR), then formation of the nanomicelles of
the amphiphilic derivative and their characterization by atomic force
microscopy (AFM)obtaining a spherical shape of the micelles with average
diameters of 200nm for Dic-PEG400-Dic, 80-140nm for Dic-PEG600-Dic.
The critical micelle concentration (cmc) has been calculated using Pyrene
method obtaining cmc 2.7 x 10 -5 mg/ml for Dic-PEG400-DicAnd 1 x 10 -
4 mg/ml forDic-PEG600-Dic. We also study the in vitro diclofenac release
profile by esterase enzyme PLE,Quantitative analysis showed that
conversion of free Diclofenac was completed within 35 hrs. After 24 hrs,
≈95% was released from Dic-PEG400-Dic derivative micelles. More than
85% of Dic-PEG600-Dic derivative was converted within 30 hours. Then we
determined the anti-inflammatory activity by testing TNF-α production in
LPS-stimulated Balb/c mice.diclofenac derivative dose-dependently and
significantly suppressed TNF production after a 5mg/kg dose were given.
After 1.5 hr, 3hr, 6hr, 24 and 48 hr the derivative reduce the TNF level in a
proportion of 51.3+ 28.1, 46.2+ 2.2, 44.8 + 10.8, 38.6 + 27.7 and 66.7 +
34.2 respectively, while diclofenac reduced the TNF level after 1.5 hr, 3hr,
6hr, 24, and 48 hr in a proportion of 37.7 + .6, 36 + 1.6, 38.8 + 20.3, 46.8 +
13.5 and 49.7+ 10 .9 respectively.Dic-PEG400-Dic micelles have stronger
anti-inflammatoryeffect and lasted for a longer period than diclofenac
only.we conclude thatthe diclofenac derivative (micelles) will have more
water solubility with high efficiency of loading capacity than that of the
diclofenac alone, that will work as a sustained release system.