Communities in DSpace
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Recent Submissions
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Smart Home Automation System Using ESP and IoT SmartNest
(2025) Saba Majdi Shoqo
This project presents a wireless smart home automation system that utilizes ESP-based
microcontrollers to connect and control various sensors and devices remotely via Wi-Fi. By
integrating real-time monitoring and automation, the system enhances security, energy
efficiency, and convenience, allowing users to manage their home environment seamlessly
through a mobile application. The system includes LED lighting control, enabling users to adjust
indoor lights remotely for energy efficiency and convenience. A temperature and humidity
sensor continuously monitors environmental conditions, and an automatic cooling fan is
activated if the temperature exceeds or drops below a predefined threshold to maintain a
comfortable indoor atmosphere. To ensure safety, a fire detection sensor promptly alerts
homeowners in case of potential fire hazards. For enhanced security and automation, a PIR
motion sensor detects movement, automatically controlling lighting and notifying users of
unexpected activity. In addition to security and comfort, the system also optimizes water
resource management. A soil moisture sensor is linked to a water pump, enabling automated
garden irrigation by supplying water only when necessary, preventing waste and ensuring plant
health.
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Home Refrigerator Inventory Management Application SmartFridge Application
(2025) Fayha’ Odeh; Saba Shoqo
In today's age of smart living and digital transformation, efficient household management is
essential. This project introduces SmartFridge, an application for managing refrigerator inventory
that optimizes food storage in the fridge, reduces waste, and improves the kitchen experience.
The application allows users to efficiently monitor refrigerator contents, view items, and receive
expiration alerts to avoid food spoilage. Utilizing a comprehensive database, SmartFridge offers
personalized recipe suggestions based on available ingredients, nutritional analysis, and calorie
tracking. It also creates automatic shopping lists and tracks inventory consumption patterns.
SmartFridge's AI-powered chatbot offers instant assistance, food storage tips, and allergy-aware
recommendations. Additionally, the app includes a smart spoilage detection system that prioritizes
items nearing expiration for consumption.
With a user-friendly interface and real-time notifications, SmartFridge is more than just a fridge
assistant it is a comprehensive solution for smarter, healthier, and more sustainable food
management. This project enhances daily convenience, reduces food waste, and promotes mindful
consumption.
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SOME PROPERTIES OF FUZZY NORMED LINEAR SPACES AND OPERATORS
(An-Najah National University, 2025-09-08) Bitawi, Tina
This thesis shows the development of fuzzy normed spaces starting with classical
normed spaces. Also it shows a review of classical spaces as a background that helps
in understanding how these ideas change in the fuzzy world, then the thesis moves
to show the meaning of fuzzy sets and fuzzy numbers, then moves to define fuzzy
normed spaces and fuzzy operators.
As you go through this thesis, you will find easy examples using α level sets. It helps
in understanding the fuzzy boundedness, continuity, and convergence. The goal is
to give a clear mathematical background to work with uncertain data and can be
used as for future studies.
In addition, this thesis highlights the importance of fuzzy operators and their bound-
edness and illustrates how these concepts are advanced in the study of fuzzy func-
tional analysis. The discussions here contribute to the understanding of the theory
of fuzzy functional analysis, as well as opening possible avenues for applications in
data analysis, decision making, and control
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Evaluation of Potential Drug-drug Interactions among Medications Prescribed in Primary Health-Care Centers for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study From Palestine
(An-Najah National University, 2020-10-19) Athamneh, Sabrine
Background
Nowadays, there is a global healthcare concern associated with the risk of high incidence medication errors, many of which are attributed to drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Co-morbid conditions such as; diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, renal disease and peripheral artery diseases require complex therapy with multiple medications. Thus, administration of more than one medication concomitantly is a common practice to control their conditions and, for this reason, polypharmacy patients are more prone to DDIs. In our country there are no local studies concerned with the prevalence of potential DDIs among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM), that is why the study was carried out.
Aim of the Study
The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of DDIs among medication prescribed for T2DM patients and examine factors associated with these interactions, in primary healthcare centers.
Methods
The study is an observational survey employing a cross sectional design and encompassing all T2DM patients, whom visited the primary healthcare centers of the ministry of health (MOH) between July and September 2018. The sample size is comprised of 400 patients, all from the southern part of the West Bank; Hebron and Beitlehem. The patients were interviewed for their social demographic characteristics, their medical conditions, management and treatment by questionnaire-guided interviews. All their prescriptions of drugs were input to Lexi-Comp checker to find out the potential DDIs in their medications. Besides, the assessing the modalities of DDIs according to severity to contraindicated, major, moderate, or minor interaction.
Results
Among 400 patients, a little less than the half were over 60 years, the majority of them were female. The most common co-morbid conditions present in the diabetes mellitus (DM) patients were as follows; 77.3% had cardiovascular disease (CVD), 64.5% had dyslipidemia, and 12.0% had gout. Moreover, a total of 114 different medications were used, the most commonly prescribed medications were metformin being used by 85.5%, followed by atorvastatin 74.5%, and Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) used by 74.0% patients. The most common interactions in 61.5 % patients were ASA with Metformin followed by Glimepiride with Metformin in 40.5 % cases. Out of participants 96% patients had at least one potential DDIs.
Overall 2627 interactions were identified, with an average of 6 interaction per prescription. According to the risk rating classification, 1.33% were A, 11.72% were B, 76.67% were C, 10.01%, and 0.27% were X risk rating. The number of potential DDIs that the patients had were also related to their age, educational level, comorbidities, number of medications prescribed and complication (p value < 0.05 for each one). However, there was no significant relationship with gender, material status or smoking (p value > 0.05).
Conclusions
The prevalence of DDIs among medications prescribed for T2DM was very common. This potentially is increasing parallel with increasing age, educational level, comorbidities, number of medications, in addition to the presence of complications. Updating data related to DDIs with good and effectively communicate among healthcare providers, especially prescribers and dispensers can play an important role in minimizing DDIs.
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Cookies Crafter
(2025) Besan Husam Jadallah; Lana Jaara
The cookie-making machine is an innovative and fully automated system designed to revolutionize
the cookie preparation process. It combines mechanical, electronic, and programming technologies
to deliver an efficient and user-friendly solution tailored to diverse needs.
The system automates every step, starting with dispensing and mixing dough to achieve a
homogeneous consistency. The dough is then cut into individual pieces and placed on a rotating
tray, which pauses to allow the addition of chocolate based on user preferences. The tray continues
to the baking section, where cookies are baked at an optimal temperature monitored by advanced
sensors.
To enhance functionality, the machine features an ultrasonic sensor that monitors ingredient levels
and provides real-time alerts on an LCD screen for timely refills. Additionally, it features a mobile
application via an ESP module, enabling remote operation, a keypad for inputting the desired
number of cookies and chocolate preferences, and an RFID-based payment system for convenience.
This project seamlessly integrates mechanical, electronic, and programming technologies to deliver a
practical, efficient, and user-friendly solution, addressing the challenges of traditional cookie-
making while paving the way for future advancements in automated food preparation. This project
exemplifies how automation can redefine traditional processes, setting a benchmark for future
innovations in food technology