ANNU Digital Library

Photo by @inspiredimages

Communities in DSpace

Select a community to browse its collections.

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2

Recent Submissions

EVALUATING ENGINEERING OFFICE DESIGNS IN THE WEST BANK FOR COMPLIANCE WITH ENERGY-SAVING GUIDELINES.
(An-Najah National University, 2026-07-02) Mohammed taysir salah
This study evaluates the level of compliance of engineering offices in the West Bank with energy conservation guidelines, given that Palestine and the West Bank suffer from a shortage of energy resources and high prices, which makes energy conservation a top priority. The study measures the level of awareness of energy conservation and its practice during engineering design work. It also examines the obstacles preventing these offices from adhering to energy conservation guidelines. For this purpose, an electronic cross-sectional descriptive quantitative questionnaire was developed and sent to all engineering offices in the West Bank working in the field of engineering design and supervision, and certified by the Engineers' Association(1062 offices). The results of the survey(287 responses) showed that awareness of energy conservation is significantly high, while practice levels are moderate. A significantly weak level of practice is in residential building design, while it is moderate in commercial buildings. Participants emphasized the existence of obstacles to adopting energy-efficient designs, the most significant being a lack of awareness among stakeholders and the high initial costs. These obstacles are followed by a lack of experience in energy-efficient designs and the absence of laws that encourage the adoption of such practices. Hypothesis testing showed agreement with the results across different axes, with the exception of the office category level. It was observed that the classification of engineering offices was not positively correlated with increased awareness or energy-efficient engineering practices. In contrast, the personal experience of engineers was strongly correlated with increased awareness and improved energy-efficient strategy practices.
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ISOXAZOLE-CARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS COX INHIBITORS
(An-Najah National University, 2025-06-03) Shweiki, Nisreen Najeh
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most utilized line of drugs as a factor for reducing swelling, uncomfortable feel, and fever. They act as competitive inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX). Here, in this thesis, eight novel pyrazole-carboxamide derivatives were produced, specified, and increased for their selectivity and potency at COX-1 and COX-2 by an in vitro COX inhibition assay kit. MTS assay was used to estimate the cytotoxicity of these compounds against human normal cell lines (Hek293T) and hepatic cell lines (LX-2). All recently synthesized compounds were identified utilizing FTIR, HRMS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR techniques. HRMS results were rational and all derivatives were verified and masses corresponding to the calculated masses. NMR results indicate a successful synthesis and were found to be consistent with the research outputs. Based on the results, it was determined that 3b, with an IC50 value of 0.46±0.25 µM, was the most potent inhibitory agent against COX-1 enzyme. Additionally, it showed a potent COX-2 inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 3.82 ±1.36 µM. On the other hand, the highest selectivity against COX-2 ratio (1.68) was for compound 3g, with the highest effectiveness against COX-2 also (IC50 = 2.65±1.55 µM) in comparison to ketoprofen selectivity ratio was (0.21) ,and it’s IC50 against COX-2 = 0.164±0.12 µM. The 3d compound demonstrated strong COX-2 selectivity as well. (1.14) with an IC50 of 4.92±2.29 µM. Negligible cytotoxic activities against the utilized normal cell lines while 3a showed cytotoxicity against CaCo2, MCF-7, and HepG2 cancer cell lines. Finally, we recommend doing docking studies of the synthesized compounds for better understanding of the structure-activity relationship and improve COX2 selectivity.
ANALYSIS OF SOLAR-ASSISTED HEAT PUMP SYSTEM FOR INDOOR SWIMMING POOL HEATING: A CASE STUDY FOR AN-NAJAH UNIVERSITY SWIMMING POOL
(An-Najah National University, 2026-07-23) Namoura, Mohammed Majed
This study evaluates retrofit heating configurations for an indoor swimming pool in Palestine, utilizing the An-Najah National University indoor pool in Nablus as a case study. The study evaluates the energy efficiency and economic feasibility of possible solutions while keeping the temperature of the pool to be 28°C during its operational time and to determine the most suitable option under local energy prices. The existing reference system is evacuated tube solar thermal collectors integrated with a diesel boiler that is used for heating the swimming pool, with a control logic that may bypass the solar loop under certain conditions and it was modeled first. Retrofit options were then developed and simulated in Polysun Simulation Software, using an hourly resolution for a full year using TMY2 weather data for the city of Nablus. The evaluated options include: (i) diesel boiler replacement with an air source heat pump without using solar collectors (ii) a solar-assisted heat pump (SAHP) in parallel where the solar thermal field and an ASHP supply heat in parallel, (iii) a SAHP in series which include water source heat pump that connected in series with solar thermal collector and supported by air source heat pump to ensure reliable heating, (iv) replacement of diesel boiler with Liquified Petrol Gas boiler in addition to the solar thermal collector heating system source (v): using solar thermal collectors in addition to heat pump with auxiliary diesel boiler, and (vi) using solar thermal collectors in addition to heat pump with auxiliary LPG boiler. The simulation outputs (useful heat, solar contribution, electricity and fuel consumption, and seasonal performance) were integrated into an economic assessment using different indicators like payback period, present worth, rate of return, benefit-to-cost, and Levelized cost of heat. Also, an environmental assessment was conducted for the different evaluated options. The results show that the SAHP system significantly reduces total energy consumption to approximately 147,643 kWh/year, compared to 452,865 kWh/year for the conventional system. The solar collectors contributed around 40% of the total heating demand, leading to a noticeable reduction in heat pump electricity consumption. Economically, the system achieved levelized cost of heat (LCOH) of 0.074 $/kWhth. Which is very good compared to other alternatives and to the existing conventional system that has LCOH higher than 0.22$/kWhth, and the estimated payback period is 1.89 years. In terms of environmental impact, the SAHP system reduced CO2 emissions to approximately 62,010 kgCO₂e/year, compared to 120,915 kgCO₂e/year for the diesel-based system, representing a reduction of about 49%. In conclusion, the solar-assisted heat pump system proves to be an efficient and sustainable solution for swimming pool heating in Palestine, offering significant energy savings, economic benefits, and considerable reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.
PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF SEPSIS IN THE PALESTINIAN PRACTICE: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF SENSITIVITY/RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS
(An-Najah National University, 2026-07-09) Younis, Eman Mohammad Ibrahim
Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, resulting in tissue injury and organ dysfunction, and it is a clinical syndrome with a high mortality rate worldwide. Accurate identification of the causative microorganism is crucial for improving the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to evaluate the sensitivity and resistance patterns of blood cultures to the most prevalent bacterial pathogens in patients with sepsis, assess clinical outcomes in relation to antimicrobial therapy—including mortality rates, length of hospital stay, and recovery rates—and identify factors that influence blood culture results, as well as determine their impact on the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment and overall patient outcomes. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzes the management of sepsis in multiple hospitals in the southwest area of the West Bank of Palestine through an analysis of antibiotic resistance and susceptibility of the bacterium found through culture testing. The sample size is comprised of 336 patients who were diagnosed with sepsis between 2022 and 2025, collected during the period from June to December 2025. Results: The results showed that people affected by sepsis were predominantly older (>65 years old), Community-acquired infections were the leading cause of infection in patients (294 patients 87.5%). Urinary tract infections were by far the most common type of infection in patients with sepsis (255 patients 75.9%). The resistance rates for third-generation cephalosporins, amoxicillin/clavulanate, and fluoroquinolones ranged from 40%±60%. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in this study was 42.0%, with extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria involved in 34.8% of the cases. Conclusion: In conclusion, this research shows that there is currently a pressing need to reevaluate empiric prescribing habits based on the present landscape of antibacterial resistance within hospitals throughout Palestine, with significant investment made toward improving microbiology diagnostic capabilities through concrete actions implemented in a timely manner as well as developing and implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs which are specific to the region.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A NURSING CARE BUNDLE IN REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE (IVH) IN PREMATURE INFANTS: A RETRO PROSPECTIVE STUDY
(An-Najah National University, 2026-07-15) Masad, Masa Amer
Introduction: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the nursing care bundle in reducing the incidence of Intraventricular hemorrhage among premature infants in Ibn Sina Specialized Hospital. Methods: In this Retro-prospective study, a total of 126 preterm infants participated, with birth weight less than 1500 g or before 32 weeks of gestation, or both. Sixty-two preterm infants admitted between (January-June, 2025) received standard care, whereas 64 preterm infants in the intervention group admitted between September (2025) to February (2026) received the intraventricular hemorrhage nursing care bundle. The intraventricular hemorrhage checklist consisted of (8) dimensions and sub-dimensions, including patient head, head of bed, normothermia, gentle care, slow administration of fluid boluses, sample withdrawal, respiratory interventions and minimal stimulation, which implemented during the first 72 hours of life. The infants were recruited from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Ibn Sina Specialized Hospital in Jenin, Palestine. The study assessed the presence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage in both groups using transfontanelle ultrasound reports documented in the infants' medical records. Result: The finding showed that the intraventricular hemorrhage incidence reduced from 61.3% to 17.2% (adjusted OR = 0.039, 95% CI: 0.008-0.192, p < 0.001), with a reduction of 44.1% from baseline, after nursing care bundle implementation in the first 72 hours of life, and show that Apgar score at five minutes, inotropic agent and antenatal steroid administration, were a significant predictors for developing intraventricular hemorrhage among premature infants. On the other hand, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score at one minute, gender, neonatal transport, mechanical ventilator, umbilical cord blood PH at birth and type of delivery, were not a significant predictor for the occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage among premature infants. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the implementation of nursing care bundle was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage among premature infants after implementation in the first 72 hours of life. This result highlights the crucial role of adopting a structured nursing intervention in improving neonatal outcomes.