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Automated Assembly Line
(2023) Baraa Khalaf; Yasser Saife
Automation in manufacturing is very important nowadays, almost all factories use robots because robots can perform the work three to five people, depending on the task, in addition it saving the cost and increase the accuracy which mean minimal waste, and it can remove workers from dangerous tasks, and it leads to increasing in productivity.
Hence the idea, to design an Automated assembly line. The system can assemble two parts to make one object, the two parts will be already manufactured and ready to enter the system using production line for each one, then the system will detect that each part arrive in the lines and this will be synchronies with a five axis robotic arm that will take the two parts after checked it and assemble it together and the final object will leave the system as one-part final result object.
We will start our development process by printing the robotic arm using 3d printer, then we will connect the arm parts with servo motors and test the arm, then we will design the production lines using stepper motors to control the speed of the lines, then we will find a mechanism to check the parts and put them together to make the final product.
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TELMISARTAN INHIBITS MELANOMA GROWTH AND METASTASIS THROUGH LRP1 SUPPRESSION
(An-Najah National University, 2024-03-11) Saymeh,Danah
Background: Melanoma is the most common type of skin cancer worldwide, which hasa poor prognosis becauseof its high metastatic rate and aggressive nature. Wild-type p53, which has been activated in response to cellular stressors such as oncogene activity, is commonly expressed in melanoma. It has been discovered that TP53 regulates the development of tumors mediated by the multifunctional scavenger protein LRP1 (CD91), which has been connected to the advancement of melanoma.Telmisartan, an antihypertensive medication, possesses anticancer properties that effectively treat melanoma. Moreover, Mir 107 is a crucial tumor suppressor factor that can inhibit the LRP1 oncogene.
Aims: Thisstudy aims to determine the effect of angiotensin receptor blocker telmisartan on melanoma growth and metastasis to evaluate it as a potential therapy option for patients with metastatic melanoma who wish to achieve a high survival rate.
Methods:An experimental study was carried out at the An-Najah Laboratory for Cancer and Stem Cell Research in Nablus. The B16F10 melanoma cell lineswere seeded in 12 well plates and treated with indicated concentrations of telmisartan to assess cell viability and migration.This study was conducted both in vitro and in vivo using C57BL6 mice to determine telmisartan's impact on tumor growth. To study the effect of LRP1 on melanoma cell proliferation, we utilized lentivirus to overexpress LRP1 and siRNA to knock down LRP1 in B16F10 cells. We also used lentivirus to express tumor suppressor miR107. The expressions of LRP1 (OE) LRP1(KD), and miR107 were verified by qPCR.
Results:The study showed that telmisartan inhibits the proliferation and migration of B16F10 cells both in vitro and in vivo.Additionally, the research revealed thattelmisartan restores P53 by phosphorylation, which upregulates the expression of tumor suppressor miR107 and then leadsto downregulating LRP1 expression, inhibiting melanoma growth and metastasis.
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ELASTIN MICROFIBRIL INTERFACER 1 SUPPRESSES MELANOMA GROWTH THROUGH MT1-MMP INHIBITION: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
(An-Najah National University, 2024-03-11) Shuqqo, Baraa
Background: Melanoma is a type of skin cancer with a high mortality rate since it can spread to other organs in the body. The incidence rate has recently risen dramatically due to a variety of factors such as sun exposure. However, it is characterised by an imbalance between the oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, which enhances the poor prognosis in melanoma patients. One of these overregulated genes is MT1-MMP while EMILIN-1 is considered a tumour suppressor gene that is proteolyzed and inactivated, enhancing melanoma's metastasis.
Aims: This study aims to determine the correlation between EMILIN-1 overexpression and the prognosis of melanoma through inhibition of MT1-MMP, also explores this relationship in light of potential therapeutic options.
Methods: Experimental study was performed An-Najah Laboratory for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, located in Nablus. B16F10 melanoma cells line model were seeded, and then lentivirus was used to overexpress the EMILIN-1 gene. To determine the impact of EMILIN-1 overexpression on tumor growth, the investigation was conducted in vivo using C57 BL6 mice and in vitro using the same cell lines. To highlight the fact that EMILIN-1 overexpression suppresses MT1-MMP expression, a q-PCR analysis of MT1-MMP and EMILIN-1 was performed.
Results: The results of the investigation indicated that EMILIN-1 was not highly expressed in the B16F10 cell line, whereas MT1-MMP was. This work shown that overexpressing EMILIN-1 can ameliorate the situation and decrease the growth of melanoma by blocking MT1-MMP, which may be used as a treatment for metastatic melanoma.
Conclusion: Despite tremendous efforts being made in this field, there has not yet been a viable treatment or a significant improvement in the survival rate of melanoma patients. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that patients have become resistant to chemotherapy drugs. One gene known to prevent tumor growth and spread is EMILIN-1. EMILIN-1 is downregulated in melanoma, which reduces its ability to control tumor growth and promotes the spread of cancer. MT1-MMP inhibition is the main focus of the study, along with the effects of overexpressing this gene to restore it. Due to its ability to suppress MT1-MMP, EMILIN-1 overexpression decreases the growth of melanoma in vitro and primary tumor cells in vivo.
Keywords: EMILIN-1, MT1-MMP, ERK1/2, METASTASIS, MELANOMA.
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THE EFFECT OF VIDEO GAME ADDICTION ON THE OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT AND CONDUCT DISORDERS AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN THE SOUTHERN TRIANGLE AREA OF OCCUPIED PALESTINE
(2023-01-22) Alaa Anan Adnan Jaber
Video games are a form of recreational activity, that are commonly used today as an effective way to enjoy and pass time. However, with the increase in popularity, comes an increase in concern regarding mental health issues, caused by exposure to such games. The current study aims to investigate the effect of VGA, on both ODD and CD, among children and adolescents in the context of the southern triangle area of Occupied Palestine (1948), and the prevalence of VGA, ODD and CD in the area, as well as the effect of age and gender on each of VGA, ODD and CD.
A quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational descriptive design was used to achieve the objectives of this study. The population of this study consisted of all children and adolescents from 9 to 15 years old, and from both genders who live in the Southern Triangle area of Occupied Palestine (1948). A total of (147) children and adolescents (46% males and 54% females) were selected using an available sampling technique, this method was followed due to social distance and preventive procedures during COVID-19 pandemic. All participants responded to an online questionnaire using a google form, measuring VGA, ODD, and CD. Conducting the appropriate tests to measure validity and reliability of the questionnaire, showed sufficient validity across all items and an excellent reliability.
The results showed that in the southern triangle area, VGA has a higher effect on ODD than CD, as there was a moderate positive linear relationship between VGA and ODD (β =.248, t = 4.17, p .01). On the other hand, there was a weak positive linear relationship between VGA and CD (β =.112, t = 3.14, p .01). Additionally, VGA (2.42 ± 1.00), ODD (1.27 ± 0.44) and CD (2.24 ± 0.76) were significantly under the hypothetical means, indicating that the levels of aforementioned disorders are low in the southern triangle area. Moreover, while all VGA, ODD and CD are more prevalent among males, VGA and CD have been observed to be more common among the youngest children, while ODD is more common among the oldest adolescents.
The results found connections between VGA and both ODD and CD, which indicated that in some cases ODD and CD can be attributed to the presence of VGA. In addition, the findings indicate that, although uncommon, the spread of video games in the southern triangle area can cause the emergence of video game addiction, resulting in the potential development of disruptive behaviors, such as oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder.
As a recommendation to maintain the low levels of VGA, ODD and CD, a periodic monitoring system can be implemented in the area by parents and teachers to detect unhealthy behavior and reward good behavior. This way will positively reinforce desired behavior, while giving an opportunity to redirect problematic behavior into other healthier activities, helping children and adolescents in the process.
Keywords: Conduct Disorder; Occupied Palestine; Oppositional Defiant Disorder; Southern triangle area; Video Game Addiction
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UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL COMPLICATIONS AND TREATMENT AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASES: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY FROM PALESTINE
(2022-10-23) Deema Mahmoud Mustafa Tumeh
Background: Most people, older than 60, have at least one chronic disease. Therefore, these people have no choice but to use, multiple drugs. Gastrointestinal complications occur because of the harmful effects of these chronic drugs on the stomach.
Objectives: The study has assessed the prevalence of patients taking chronic drugs and suffering from upper gastrointestinal complications, the severity of these symptoms, and their taking of any gastro-protective drugs or not.
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was developed and administered format outpatient clinics at a specialized hospital. Patients with chronic diseases who were taking at least one medication were included in the study. A form was used for data collection. The Short-Form Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire (SF-LDQ) was used to evaluate the severity of the upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Statistical analysis was performed, using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.
Results: A total of 400 patients with chronic diseases and using multiple medications participated in the study. Of these 53.8% were females and 56% were married, 58.5% were unemployed, and 70% were non- smokers.The mean age was 54.7±17.5. The most common comorbid diseases among the patients were diabetes, hypertension, and arthritis: 44.3%, 38%, and 27.3%, respectively. Most patients used between 2 and 4 medications daily. The most commonly used medication was aspirin. It was used by 50%, followed by atorvastatin, bisoprolol, and insulin: 29.5%, 25%, and 20.3%, respectively. Among the 400 participants, 362 (90.5%) suffered from upper gastrointestinal side effects like indigestion (66%), heartburn (77.5%), nausea (49.3%), and regurgitation (52.3%). Based on SF-LDQ scoring, of the 400 respondents, 235(58.8%), 109(27.3%) and 18(4.5%) suffered from mild, moderate and severe dyspepsia, respectively. In addition, 38 (9.5%) had no dyspepsia. About 81.3% of participants were prescribed gastro-protective medications. Proton pump inhibitors were the most prescribed group for 209 (52.3%) patients. Older age, marriage health insurance, education, smoking and ≥ 5 medications were all associated with a higher possibility of having dyspepsia; (p-value <0.05).
Conclusion: Upper gastrointestinal complications among patients with chronic diseases were very common. Fortunately, the symptoms were mild in most cases. The risk increased with age and with the use of high number of medications. The use of gastro-protective agents, when needed, is important.
Keywords: Chronic disease; upper gastrointestinal side effects; stomach irritation; dyspepsia;Palestine