Communities in DSpace
Select a community to browse its collections.
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Recent Submissions
Item
Determinants of offectivness od internal audit: a case study od palestinaian islamic banks
(جامعة النجاح الوطنية, 2025-10-05) Thabet Mohammad Mari
Islamic banking institutions have become an integral part of the global financial system, providing Sharia-compliant financial alternatives that meet the needs of customers seeking to avoid interest-based and prohibited transactions. In Palestine, the effectiveness of internal Sharia auditing plays a crucial role in ensuring compliance with Sharia principles and enhancing governance in Islamic banks. This study aims to examine the determinants of the effectiveness of internal Sharia auditing in Palestinian Islamic banks, and whether there are any obstacles or challenges facing it, focusing on three key factors: independence, efficiency, and performance.
This study employed a two-stage sequential interpretive approach (a mixed methodology), combining both qualitative and quantitative methods to ensure the comprehensiveness and depth of its conclusions, while simultaneously collecting qualitative and quantitative data. Our methodology is divided into two phases: a quantitative survey of employees in Sharia audit departments and Sharia supervisory boards, and in-depth qualitative interviews with a number of experts involved in the Sharia audit process of Palestinian Islamic banks.
The results reveal that the three traditional factors the study focused on are insufficient without "senior management support" and a "clear governance framework." The results also showed that independence emerged as the most significant factor influencing effectiveness. Regarding competence, the results indicated that effectiveness requires the auditor to be knowledgeable in both financial and legal aspects, not just one. As for performance, effectiveness necessitates a shift from traditional manual methods to systematic, documented, and technologically supported practices.
In light of these findings, the study recommends strengthening independence mechanisms by imposing functional immunity on the Sharia auditor, enhancing the performance and efficiency of auditors through continuous professional development, integrating technology into Sharia auditing, and expanding the scope of future research specializing in Sharia auditing.
Item
A Qualitative Study of the Arabic Subtitles of Semantically Changed Terms and Expressions in African American English: African American Movies as a Case Study
(An-Najah National University, 2025-12-18) Yara Hassan
This evaluative and analytical study explores the semantic playfulness of African American English (AAE): how it is done, its purposes, and how it is mirrored through the Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) subtitling of Dope (2015) and All Day and a Night (2020) on three platforms (Netflix, Shoof TV, and Apple TV). The application of semantic change and how African Americans apply it in its two forms, inversion and shifting, is examined, with instances classified and discussed according to the technique used in rendering them into MSA. The study investigates how these instances are subtitled, the extent to which the target text conveys the meaning embodied in the source text, and what can be done with mistranslated instances. Findings show that semantically changed instances are rendered through different techniques: rendering into a more neutral or less expressive expression (undertranslation), a stylistically elevated expression (overtranslation), a plain literal unintended meaning (misinterpretation), or complete omission. A fifth category demonstrates successful rendering through prioritizing the function and seeking a high-level equivalent. Undertranslation, stylistic elevation, and misinterpretation affect the source message on different levels, including markedness, accuracy, and informativity. In contrast, prioritizing function consistently achieves an appropriate degree of markedness and results in accurate and informative rendering. The study emphasizes that the most effective way to handle semantically changed instances is by addressing each individually, using one or a combination of translation techniques. Functionality should be prioritized and mirrored in MSA rather than the surface structure or semantic complexity of the source. Because standard languages are typically oriented toward explicitness and clarity, while non-standard spoken varieties rely on figurative, less straightforward language and semantic innovation, recreating semantic complexity is often unnecessary when a well-established lexicalized equivalent exists in MSA. In the interest of naturalness and clarity, sacrificing semantic complexity and selecting a direct lexicalized equivalent frequently provides the most appropriate solution. Attention must be given to the technical dimension of audiovisual translation, including character count, synchronization, timing, and readability, alongside broader considerations such as levels of formality and markedness.
Item
ENHANCING RESOURCE UTILIZATION IN EDGE COMPUTING USING DEEP Q-NETWORK
(An-Najah National University, 2026-01-18) Jarrar, Yazan
This thesis focuses on designing and evaluating machine learning techniques to enhance the scheduling process in an edge computing environment, especially for IoT applications, with the goal of maximizing the number of tasks executed within a specified window limit. Maximizing task completion within deadlines increases throughput and service quality, while missed deadlines can degrade system performance and render results unusable.
This study investigates the two proposed algorithms, Simulated Annealing (SA) and Deep Q Network (DQN), to determine if they outperform the existing solutions for batch task scheduling in an edge computing environment. To validate the results, we used real world Augmented Reality (AR) and Internet of Vehicles data generated by the EdgeCloudSim simulator. The results clearly show that our proposed algorithms outperform others solutions, especially where the resources are strictly constrained.
The results show that our simulated annealing-based algorithm achieved up to a 71% reduction in task failure rate compared with the baseline algorithm when tested in static environments using real IoT and AR data. They also show that our Deep Q-Network based scheduler consistently achieved the lowest failure rates across dynamic scenarios, especially under higher constraints. Moreover, the Deep Q-Network model evaluated in a dynamic environment required substantially less overhead time, under one-third of the simulated annealing algorithm’s runtime, while both algorithms outperformed other baseline algorithms by up to 10% in task failure rate.
These findings support the thesis objective of maximizing the edge resource utilization while ensuring task batches complete within a specified window limit and highlight the efficiency of the Deep Q-Network based scheduling algorithm.
Item
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LORAZEPAM IN PREVENTING RADIAL ARTERY SPASM IN PATIENTS HAVING RADIAL APPROACH CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
(An-Najah National University, 2026-02-17) kittaneh, Qadri
Background: One of the frequent complications in transradial cardiac catheterization is the spasm of the radial artery (RAS). This problem sometimes results in pain for the patient and makes the medical procedure difficult. Certain psychological factors, such as anxiety and pain, lead to activation of the sympathetic vascular responses, thereby raising the chance of RAS.
Aim: This study intends to investigate the link between administration of lorazepam and the incidence of radial artery spasm in patients who undergo transradial cardiac catheterization, while considering the levels of anxiety and pain as one of the factors.
Methodology: A descriptive observational study with a sample of 189 patients having tranradial cardiac catheterization was done in Nablus Specialty Hospital from February to August 2025. Depending on the standard clinical practice and the doctor's judgement, the participants were divided into two groups: the first group (n = 61) consisted of those who received oral lorazepam, and the second group (n = 128) of those who did not receive lorazepam. The level of anxiety was determined by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Anxiety subscale (HADS, A), and the pain intensity during the procedure was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Samples associations have been tested by chi, square and the criterion for statistical significance was that p < 0.05.
Results: In the lorazepam group, 34.3% of the patients had RAS compared to 42.2% in the non, lorazepam group. In the group that did not have lorazepam, it was found that high levels of anxiety and pain were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the occurrence of RAS while there is no such significance as observed from lorazepam group. Female gender and lower education level were found to have a significant effect on the higher incidence of RAS (p < 0.05) whereas age, body mass index, smoking status, and comorbidities did not show such an effect. Anxiety levels after the procedure went down in both groups and more patients achieved normal anxiety scores. Also, pain intensity during the procedure was lower among the patients who took lorazepam.
Conclusion: Taking lorazepam brought about lowered anxiety and pain levels, along with the reduced occurrence of radial artery spasm in the transradial catheterization. Causality cannot be determined owing to the design of the observational study.
Recommendations: To confirm the role of lorazepam in the prevention of RAS, future researchers should use randomized controlled trials. Besides, more studies should be done to investigate long, term vascular outcomes and to compare lorazepam with other anxiolytic agents.
Item
STUDYING THE STRUCTURAL, ELECTRONIC, MAGNETIC AND ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF THE QUATERNARY HEUSLER COMPOUND FENBZRSN
(An-Najah National University, 2026-01-11) Nassar, Ayman
The structural, electronic, magnetic and elastic properties of quaternary Heusler
compound FeNbZrSn were investigated using the computational method of Density
Functional Theory (DFT) integrated within the WIEN2k program. The full-potential
linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method was utilized to solve KohnSham equations. Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) was utilized in
calculating the exchange-correlation energy. Three structural phases of FeNbZrSn were
considered. For each structural phase, nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic configurations
were studied. The results showed that FeNbZrSn is stable in all three phases and in both
magnetic states with phase γ in its ferromagnetic state being the most stable. Structural
properties which include lattice parameter (a), bulk modulus (B), pressure derivative of
bulk modulus (B') and ground state energy (E0) were investigated. Additionally, elastic
properties which include elastic constants (C11, C12 and C44) and elastic moduli (bulk
modulus B, Young’s modulus Y and shear modulus S, Poisson’s ratio ν, and anisotropic
factor A) were investigated to study the mechanical stability and characteristics of
FeNbZrSn. Despite phase γ being stable, studying its elastic properties showed that it’s
mechanically unstable. However, ferromagnetic phase β was mechanically stable and
thus was chosen as the ground state of FeNbZrSn. Electronic properties were
investigated and results showed a clear contrast between spin up direction which had
metallic behavior and spin down direction which had semiconducting behavior with an
energy gap equal to 0.043187 Ry. Band structure and density of states plots confirmed
this half-metallic nature of FeNbZrSn. Modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) was used to
improve the energy band gap because GGA tends to underestimate it. However, due to
limitations in mBJ, the value of the band gap decreased to 0.031672 Ry. Magnetic
properties which include total and partial magnetic moments for each atom and for the
interstitial region were studied using GGA. This gave a total magnetic moment of 2.94523 μΒ. mBJ was used to calculate magnetic moments in which the total was
2.98898 μΒ. The results were in better agreement with Slater-Pauling rule which
predicted that the total magnetic moment equals 3 μΒ. Results confirmed the expected
ferromagnetic nature of FeNbZrSn.