. . - . 2012 .......................................... . ..................... ............ .......................................... . ............................................. . .............................. . ... . ......... ................ . ........... ........ . ....... ...... . ............ ............... . ......................... ....... . " : " . . . : . : . . . / / : . Declaration The work provided in this thesis, unless otherwise referenced is the researcher's own work, and has not been submitted elsewhere for any other degree or qualification. ::Student's Name : Signature: : Date: : : : - : - : : : B - - - - - - - - - - - - )LSD( - - - )LSD( - " " - - - - - )LSD( - " " - - - ) VO2max ( )Astrand( - - - - - .. .)46( )2010-2011( : : )30( )3X 5( . )VO2max( )55.18(// )3.91(30 : ) :12.93 2.07 8.09.( )=0.05( )=0.01(: ) -0.48( )0.58()0.40( )-0.55( )-0.54 (. )=0.05( . . )=0.05( . . : . : . - . - . - . - . - . 250 )www.fifa.com(. . ""29|12|2011 . )http:||dubaiisc.com|ar.( ) 1994( . . . .)2011( - - . 90 . )Da Silva et al,2008( )9155( :)4591.9()2577.2()1010.9( )12.7()852.6(.)9( (Vo2max) )Macsween,2001( . )Weston and et al,2011 ( 11.28 . (Krustrup& Bangsbo, 2001) )90()1268( ) 588( )161( Aerobic System Anaerobic System. : (Clark, 1994) (Bangsbo et al.,2006) (Ebine et al., 2002) (Rico- Sanz,1998) (Shephard,1992) )3500-4500 (. )1998( : . : . : 1-. 2-. 3-. 4-). 1987.( )2005( : . . . )1992.( .)1996( : .) 2004( . (Kolar & etal, 1997) (Bouchard & et al, 1993) (Nikituk, 1989) . )2008( . . : )Baumgartner & Jackson, ( )Kirkendall, et.al, ( . - : 1- . 2- . 3- . 4- . 5- . : 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . : . . . : 1 . 2 . 3. 4- 5- 6. 7 . : : 1. : )2011.( 2. : . 3. : 1\4\2011- 15\6\2011. : -: ). 1993.( -: ) 2007.( - : )Baumgartner & Jackson, .( ( Anthropometry ): .(Farkar &et al, 1997) - ):( )( : -:(Body Measure) )(. . -:(Body Structure) . -:(Body Composition) ) 1996.( -: ": )." 1989.( -:""" )." 2008(. -: ). 1992.( -:: ). 2004.( -: ). 2005.( -: ). 2004.( -: : *:. *: . *: ) .( -)FIFA:(1904 )7( )250 () 2004.( : : . : ) 1990( . . . )National Coaching Foundation,1986). . ) 1994.( )" 1999.( )1997() ( - . 90 ) 7-11 ( . . ) 1997( . . . ) () ( . ) 1992( Basher . ) 1987( . )2007( : )2000( . )2001( ) ( . ) (: 1-. 2-. 3-. 4-. 5-. 6- )(. 7-. . . . ) 2001.( )2008( : 1- . 2- . 3-) ( . 4-. 5-. 6-. 7-. ) 1978( Clark Brawnal and Hageman . )2000( .)1993 ( . ) Conditioning , Physical- Fitness:( . . )1994( )1985( ) 2000( )2001( ) 1999 ()2007 (. . )( ) 1994( . ... )Physical Fitness( . . : ) ()Grosser et. al.: 2008( . )Physical Fitness( . ) 1991.( 1- :. ) . 1994.( 2- : ) . 2000.( 3 -: . .. ) 2000( . 4-: . ... ) 2000.( 5-: ) 2000.( .... . )( 10 ) 1999:( 1(2( 3(4( 5 (6 ( 7 (8 (9 (10 (. 8-1991: )...Holtke V. , 2003( . 9-: ... )Grosser, et al. , 2008.( ) 2001( . ) 1985( ) 2001( : . . . : : ) ) ( 1999( ) "" ( ) 2010(. ) 2007:( . . : - : - : . . )2007(: 1-: )6-10( . 2-: . : )150 ( )175()( )225 ( )230 ( . : )150 ( )175 ( . = 175 = 1,17 )225( )230 ( . =230 = 1,02 . . . : 1-. 2-. 3-: - . - . -. - ) 2007(. : . . )1987()) (Harre( :" ") 2003 ( " )1999 ( " )1997 ( " ." ) 1999(. ) 2003(: )1999( " )1997( . )Catterall and et al,1993(9.44 ) Weston and et al,2011( 11.28 10.79. : )) ( 1999 .( : : . )Pollock & others ,1998( )35-60( )65-90(%3-5 . ) 2000 ( : - :)Blood Pressure() Heart Rate ( )Recovery()Vital Capacity( : )Carlson Fatigue Test()Foster Test( )Harvard Step Test( . - : "12 1.5 60010 )2000 .( : ." " Flex)()Flexibility() ( )1997(. ) 1996(" ")1999 (" ()1999( Pollock, 1998)(" ") 1994( " ." )2002() 1993 ( .) 1997( )2005()Hoger( 80% . ) 1994( )2000()Bucher(Meinl)()Larson( . . - ) 1999( : - : . - : " . : : - : " . - : " ) 2003.( : : - )(" . - ) :(" )1995.( : ) 1997()1999( )1995() 1997( . : ) 1997( 15-30 ) 2003()1999( )1997 ( . . : 50 . ) 1987(: . )1997()Larson( )Yocom()Clarke" ( ." )1992 ( :- ) ( . : : 1-:" " . 2-: . 3- : ) 2001.( : )1989( .(Matveev ,1998). (Smolensky,1996). : . )1992.( . )2001 ( Gina Bravo ,1996) ()1995 ( . )Ekblom,1994( . (Matveev,1998) . . )1997()Larson()Yocom(: . ) 1997" ( ." ) Anthropometry( )Beyer,1986.( ) 1996.( ) Anthropometric Parameters( )Heimer et al,1988( )Harre,1982( :)Ravussin and Swinburn,1992() Vo2max) (Fox and Bowers,1989 ()Body Composition) (Heward,1991 (. )Harre,1982( : ) 1998.( )BMI)(Body Mass Index( )20-25(\2.)30 \2 ()Ravussin and Swinburn,1992(. )Body Composition( :) ( ) ( )Behnke()Fat()LBM) (Lean Body Mass ( )Wilmore and Costill,1994()Brooks and Fehey,1984( )LBM) ( ( . : :- )Weston and et al,2010 ( :" ." 126959 )2- 79 ( 2003\20042007\2008 . - )Weston and et al,2009(: " ." . 17 2007-2008. : )5,5 \ ( )7\ .( 6x 40150. 40. - ) Mallo and et al,2009:( " ." 18 2005 )5752+_554(34%)13\(30% 255 % 17 2003. . - )Bartha and et al,2009:(" ." . 50200 12. 2459 17 . 12)3043+ _127( ) 2939+ _136( . -)2008:(" " ) : : :50 .( . 84 : : . : . - ) :(" ) ( ( . " : 1- . 30 30 30 . 3- , . 4- . - ):( " ." . 715 . PWC170 )( 2005. )( . - ):(" " ) ( : . ) : : ( ) : ( . : - . - . - . - . : . - )2006.( " ." . .35 ) 5(. : . . - )2005:(" )9-10 (". ) ( .)300( . )=0.05()9-10( . . - )2004:( " " . . . 24 2000-2001 . : 1- . 2- ) ( . 3- 4-. : . . - )2004(: " ." 88. ) :21.141.7773.7123.43|21.9021.078 |()VO2max( . ) 42.63(|| ) 10.20(%)67.066(. )0.01 ( )VO2max( ) 0.82 ( )VO2max ( ) - 0.46 ( . . - )Castagna & et al,2004(: ": ." . )38+_3182+ _6,578,8+_7 (. )) 37+ _3 182,5+ _ 3,5 77,1+ _6,5 ( )Serie A (. . . - ):( " ". ) .(30 )2( 1000. . : - . )1000( . . . - ):( " ". . ) : : ( . - ) :( " ." 2002|2003 70 55153 :. 10 . . - ):( . : .: : . : : 1- . 2- . 3- . 4- . . - ) :( " " . 234: 50800. . : 1- : (Castagna and et al,2004) )2004( )2004( )Bartha and et al,2009( )Mallo and et al,2009()Weston and et al,2009( )Weston and et al,2010 .( :) 2005()2006( )2001( )2004( )2004()2006()2008( ) 2008.(: )1998()2004( )2008.( 2- : Castagna and et al,2004) ()Bartha and et al,2009()Mallo and et al,2009( )Weston and et al,2009()Weston and et al,2010 ()2004( )2008( )2008( )2004()2004( ) 1998.() 2008 ( )2006()2006(( )2004( )2001( )2005(. 3- : 13- 59)Bartha and et al,2009( 2459 35 715. 4- :9- 49. 5- : . 6- : . . : -. -. -. -. - . - . - . - . - . - . - . . : . : \ ) ( % ) ( )( . ) ( ) = ( ) ( )=( % - - : : - : ) ( : )( Lafa yatte . ) ( . " CASIO" / . . ) ( " NIKE" . - : : ) ( ) ( )com.fifa.www ( : - : . - : . - : . - : . - : . ) ( . : : ) ( ) ( ) ( )(Kirkendall, et al, : )(% )(% ) (% ) .(% : )Test-retest( ) .( ) ( ) =( ) =( ) =( )( * ) ( * )( * ) |( * ) ( * )||( * ) ( ) ( )=( ) Kirkendall, et al,( ) ( . ( Ratio Scale ) (Kirkendall, et al, 1987). : ( ) Independent variables( : - : ) - - .( - : ) .( - : ) .( ( )Dependent Variables(: - . - . : : - . ) ( . - . - : . . . . . - - . ) ()( . - : ).( : )SPSS ( : - . - . - ) One-Way ANOVA ( )LSD ( . - " " ) Independent t-test ( . - . . :: )5 ( . ) 5( ) =46.( 35.26 7.72 - )( 80.41 9.41 - )( 1.87 0.07 - ) ( \ 25.54 2.96 - )( 37.00 1.96 - ) ( 85.24 7.61 - )( 89.24 5.82 - )( 50.02 4.17 - )( 38.00 2.57 - )( 12.98 5.06 - )( 17.50 5.99 - )( 13.00 4.92 - )( % 13.65 4.72 - )( 5.11 0.443 - )( )5( 35.2649 20 103 65 80.41 1.78 1.901.62 32\2 20.88 \225.54 |2 ) () : 37 85.24 89.24 50.02 38( 12.98 17.50 13 13.65% 5.116.20 4.06. :: )6 ( . ) 6( ) = .( ) ( 4.41 0.91 - )( ) ( | | 55.18 11.35 - )( )( 3.91 0.28 - )( ) x( 12.93 0.84 - )( ) ( 2.07 0.23 - )( ) +( 8.09 6.61 - - )( )6( 4.416.13 2.40 55.18 || 78.82 ||32.44 || 303.914.45 3.395 x 3 12.9314.93 11 2.501.51 2.07 50 21 6 8.09. : : )7 ( )8 ( )9 ( . (: ) 7( )=46.( . 35 .2 6 7. 72 x = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = .7 12 ** x = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = -. 57 5* * -. 77 7* * x = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 33 .9 11 .9 0 -. 02 9 .1 25 -. 43 0* * x = = = = = = = = = = = = = 80 .4 1 9. 41 .4 67 ** .3 18 * -. 36 2* .0 51 x = = = = = = = = = = = = 1. 87 0. 07 -. 14 2 .0 17 -. 07 2 .0 38 .3 21 * x = = = = = = = = = = = 25 .5 4 2. 96 .5 68 ** .3 18 * -. 32 4* .0 24 .8 04 ** -. 30 2* x = = = = = = = = = = 37 .0 0 1. 96 .5 78 ** .3 51 * -. 37 0* .0 88 .7 88 ** .0 40 .7 68 ** x = = = = = = = = = 85 .2 4 7. 61 .5 64 ** .4 13 ** -. 35 0* -. 04 1 .8 38 ** -. 01 6 .8 53 ** .7 74 ** x = = = = = = = = 89 .2 4 5. 82 .3 83 ** .2 56 -. 22 9 -. 13 2 .7 19 ** -. 00 2 .7 83 ** .7 03 ** .8 72 ** x = = = = = = = 50 .0 2 4. 17 .3 20 * .1 33 -. 00 8 -. 13 7 .4 72 ** -. 21 2 .6 21 ** .6 00 ** .6 02 ** .5 04 ** x = = = = = = 38 .0 0 2. 57 .3 97 ** .2 18 -. 31 7* .0 45 .7 12 ** .0 70 .6 79 ** .7 09 ** .6 29 ** .5 56 ** .5 49 ** X = = = = = 12 .9 8 5. 06 .5 79 ** .3 92 ** -. 25 6 -. 11 0 .5 98 ** -. 36 7* .8 28 ** .6 41 ** .7 95 ** .7 14 ** .. 67 3* * .4 06 ** x = = = = 17 .5 0 5. 99 .5 68 ** .3 88 ** -. 29 4* -. 01 4 .7 68 ** -. 14 1 .8 57 ** .. 74 6* * .8 90 ** .7 87 ** .6 39 ** .5 05 ** .9 07 ** x = = = 13 .0 0 4. 92 .0 61 -. 01 0 .1 47 -. 11 8 .2 47 -. 45 2* * .5 38 ** .3 63 * .3 66 * .4 39 ** .6 69 ** .3 07 * .6 30 ** .5 27 ** x = = 13 .6 5 4. 72 .6 04 ** .4 02 -. 25 4 -. 08 0 .6 39 ** -. 34 0* .8 59 ** .7 04 ** .8 08 ** .7 32 ** .7 18 ** .4 82 ** .9 65 ** .9 39 ** .7 22 ** x = 5. 11 0. 44 3 .2 13 .2 13 -. 27 4 .0 55 .8 28 ** .7 97 ** .3 33 * .5 26 ** .5 25 ** .4 89 ** .1 75 .4 95 ** .1 58 .4 06 ** -. 11 0 .2 06 x *)=0.05( **)=0.01( )7(: : )0.71 - 0.580.470.570.580.56 0.38 0.32 0.40 0.58 0.57 0.60( ) 0.71( . : : )-0.78 0.320.320.350.410.390.39 0.40 ()- 0.78 ( )0.32 (. : )- 0.43- 0.36- 0.32- 0.37- 0.35- 0.32- 0.29( )- 0.43 ( )- 0.29( . :) 0.320.80 0.790.840.770.470.710.590.770.640.83( )0.84( )0.32 (. :)-0.30 - 0.37 - 0.45 - 0.34 0.80( )0.80 ()- 0.30( . :) 0.77 0.85 0.78 0.620.680.830.860.540.860.33( )0.86( )0.33.( :)0.77 0.70 0.60 0.71 0.64 0.75 0.36 0.70 0.53( )0.77( ) 0.36 .( : )0.87 0.60 0.63 0.80 0.89 0.370.810.53( )0.89 ()0.37 .( :) 0.50 0.56 0.71 0.79 0.44 0.730.49( )0.79 ()0.44 .( : )0.55 0.67 0.64 0.67 0.72( )0.72( )0.55( . :)0.41 0.51 0.31 0.48 0.50( )0.51 ( )0.31 .( : 0.910.630.97 )0.97()0.63( . : 0.520.940.41 )0.94 ()0.41.( 0.72 . ( : ) 8( )=46.( 4.41 0.91 X = = = = = 55.18 11.35 .843** X = = = = 3.91 0.28 - .487** - .744** X = = = 12.93 0.84 - .259 - .365* .233 X = = 2.07 0.23 .503** .644** - .747** - .313 * X = 8.09 6.61 .463** .514** - .338** - .498 ** .509** X *)=0.05( * *)=0.01( )8( :0.84- 0.49 0.500.46 ) 0.84() 0.46( . : )-0.74- 0.370.64 0.51( )-0.74( )- 0.37( . :) -0.75- 0.34( . ) 0.31 - 0.50 0.51(. ( : ) 9( )=46.( 35.26 7.72 - .034 - .311* .421** .330* - .332* - .069 = = .112 - .085 .295* .016 - .183 .106 = = - .140 .064 - .255 - .071 .181 - .116 33.9 11.90 - .037 - .077 .011 - .152 .049 - .002 80.41 9.41 .278 .213 .468** .236 - .286 - .130 1.87 0.07 .375* .198 - .107 - .097 .204 .196 25.54 2.96 .044 - 398** .539** .320* - .403** -.263 37.00 1.96 .077 - .360* .554** .329* - .487** -.230 85.24 7.61 .199 - .267 .468** .266 - .340* - .122 89.24 5.82 .132 - .272 .523** .398* * - .409** -.255 50.02 4.17 .125 - .151 .237 .287 - .301* - .187 38.00 2.57 .389** - .009 .194 .196 - .075 - .077 12.98 5.06 - .124 - .465** .577** .295* - .542** -.271 17.50 5.99 - .008 - .447** .565** .318* - .531** -.233 13.00 4.92 - .185 - .333* .276 .309* - .352* - .538** 13.65 4.72 - .112 - .484** .565** .370* - .550** - .370* 5.11 0.443 .400** - .057 .235 .093 - .059 .033 *)=0.05( * *) =0.01( ) 9 ( : 0.38 0.39 0.40 )0.40 ( )0.38 ( . : )- 0.31 - 0.40 - 0.36 - 0.47 - 0.45 - 0.33 - 0.48 ( ) 0.48 ()- 0.31 ( . :)0.42 0.30 0.47 0.54 0.55 0.47 0.52 0.58 0.57 0.57 ( )0.58 ()0.30 ( . : )0.33 0.32 0.33 0.40 0.30 0.32 0.31 0.37 ( )0.40( )0.30 ( . :) - 0.33 - 0.40 - 0.49 - 0.34 - 0.41 - 0.30 -0.54 - 0.53 - 0.0.35 - 0.55( ) 0.55- ( )0.00 ( . :)- 0.54 - 0.37( . : : ) = 0.05 ( )One Way ANOVA ( ) ( .: (: ) 10( )=46 .( " " 3- 1 15 24.07 3.51 6- 4 11 26.18 2.74 "\" 6 20 26.29 2.27 3- 1 15 35.93 1.91 6- 4 11 37.46 2.12 " " 6 20 37.55 1.64 3- 1 15 80.53 8.53 6- 4 11 86.82 6.81 " " 6 20 87.90 5.71 3- 1 15 87.33 5.68 6- 4 11 89.09 7.04 "" 6 20 90.75 5.03 3- 1 15 48.93 3.41 6- 4 11 51.00 4.29 " " 6 20 50.30 4.61 3- 1 15 37.00 2.85 6- 4 11 38.73 2.41 "" 6 20 38.35 2.30 3- 1 15 10.82 4.68 6- 4 11 14.62 4.70 "%" 6 20 15.25 3.92 3- 1 15 5.01 .53 6- 4 11 5.07 .40 "" 6 20 5.22 .39 ) 11( )=46.( "" * "\" "" * "" * "" "" "" "%" * . . . "" *)=0.05 ( ) 11( )=0.05() ( ) =0.05() (. )LSD ( ) 12 ( . ) 12( )LSD( ) =46.( "" 3- 1 6- 4 6 3- 1 35.93 X -* - 1.62* 6- 4 37.46 = X - 0.096 ) ( 6 37.55 = = X 3- 1 80.53 X -* - 7.37* 6- 4 86.82 = X - 1.08 )( 6 87.90 = = X 3- 1 10.82 X - 3.80* - 4.44* 6- 4 14.62 = .X - 0.64 (%) 6 15.25 = = X * ) = 0.05 .( )12 (: -) :() =0.05 ( )1-3 ()4-6 ( )4-6( )1-3 ()6 ( )6 (. -):( )=0.05 ( )1-3 ()4-6 ( )4-6 ()1-3 ()6 ()6.( - : ) =0.05 ( )1-3 ()4-6 ( )4-6 ()1-3 ()6 ( )6( . ( : ) 13( ) =46 .( 10 25.71 2.51 21 26.90 2.51 "\" 15 23.53 2.82 10 37.40 1.43 21 37.76 1.90 " " 15 35.67 1.72 10 85.40 6.82 21 89.29 5.38 " " 15 79.47 7.38 10 88.50 5.70 21 92.05 5.55 " " 15 85.80 4.40 10 48.10 2.60 21 51.91 4.54 " " 15 48.67 3.48 10 38.50 2.01 21 38.81 2.16 "" 15 36.53 2.90 10 12.91 4.17 21 16.25 3.76 "%" 15 10.51 4.37 10 5.25 .46 21 5.18 .34 " " 15 4.94 .53 ) 14( )=46.( " " * 99.76 2 49.88 293.848 43 6.834 "\ " 393.607 45 7.299 0.002* 40.457 2 20.229 131.543 43 3.059 " " 172.00 45 6.613 0.003* 843.951 2 421.975 1758.419 43 40.893 " " 2602.370 45 10.319 0.000* 348.517 2 174.259 1177.852 43 27.392 "" 1526.370 45 6.362 0.004* 138.935 2 69.468 642.043 43 14.931 "" 780.978 45 4.653 0.015* 48.529 2 24.264 247.471 43 5.755 "" 296.00 45 4.216 0.021* 295.151 2 147.576 705.661 43 16.411 "%" 1000.812 45 8.993 0.001* .738 2 .369 8.087 43 .188 "" 8.825 45 1.962 0.153 * ) = 0.05 .( )14 ( ) = 0.05 ( ) ( ) = 0.05 ( ) ( . )LSD ()15 (. ) 15( )LSD( )=46.( 25.71 X - 1.02 2.18* 26.90 = X 3.37* "\" 23.53 = = X 37.40 X - 0.36 1.73* 37.76 = X 2.10* " " 35.67 = = X 85.40 X - 3.89 5.93* 89.29 = .X 9.82* " " 79.47 = = X 88.50 X - 3.55 2.70 92.05 = X 6.25* " " 85.80 = = X 48.10 X - 3.81* - 0.57 51.91 = X 3.33* " " 48.67 = = X 38.50 X - 0.31 1.97 38.81 = X 2.28* "" 36.53 = = X 12.91 X - 3.34* 2.40 16.25 = X 5.74* "%" 10.51 = = X * ) = 0.05 .( )15( : -) /2:( ) = 0.05 ( . -) :() = 0.05 ( . -) :() = 0.05 ( . -) :() = 0.05 ( . -) :() = 0.05 ( . -) :() =0.05 ( . - : ) = 0.05 ( . ( : )16( " " )=46.( 30- 1)=13( 30 )=33( " " * "\" 24.73 2.67 25.86 3.04 1.18 0.58 "" 37.00 2.48 37.00 1.75 0.00 1.00 "" 84.62 8.66 85.49 7.28 0.35 0.28 " " 89.15 5.94 89.27 5.87 0.06 0.95 "" 50.23 4.66 49.94 4.03 0.21 0.25 "" 37.69 3.15 38.12 2.34 0.51 0.45 "%" 13.24 5.48 13.82 4.46 0.38 0.28 "" 5.01 0.36 5.15 0.47 0.98 0.32 *)2.01 ()44( )16 () = 0.05 ( . : : ) = 0.05( )ANOVA ( )LSD ( " " ) 17 ( )18 ( )19 ( )20 ( )21 ( )22 ( . ( : )17( )=46 .( " " 3- 1 15 4.35 .97 6- 4 11 4.21 .65 "" 6 20 4.56 .99 3- 1 15 57.42 11.64 6- 4 11 52.51 10.13 " | |" 6 20 54.96 11.96 3- 1 15 3.80 .25 6- 4 11 3.93 .26 )\( 6 20 3.99 .30 3- 1 15 12.91 .93 6- 4 11 12.93 .64 ) x"(" 6 20 12.94 .91 ) 3- 1 15 2.14 .23 6- 4 11 2.03 .19 "(" 6 20 2.04 .26 3- 1 15 8.13 7.63 6- 4 11 5.46 6.35 ) +"(" 6 20 9.50 5.76 ) 18( )=46.( " " * .978 2 .489 36.093 43 .839 "" 37.071 45 0.583 0.563 154.219 2 77.109 5641.497 43 131.198 " || " 5795.716 45 0.588 0.560 .313 2 .157 3.164 43 .074 )\( 3.477 45 2.129 0.131 .008 2 .004 32.010 43 .744 ) x"(" 32.018 45 0.006 0.994 .107 2 .053 2.366 43 .055 ) "(" 2.473 45 0.972 0.387 116.192 2 58.096 1849.461 43 43.011 ) +"(" 1965.652 45 1.351 0.270 )18 ( ) = 0.05 ( ) ( . ( : ) 19( )=46 .( 10 4.67 .94 21 4.36 .83 "" 15 4.30 1.01 10 56.75 11.37 21 52.54 11.50 " | |" 15 57.82 11.06 10 3.92 .31 21 4.02 .29 )\( 15 3.76 .17 10 12.86 1.09 21 13.09 .72 ) x"(" 15 12.75 .84 10 2.05 .28 21 2.02 .22 ) "(" 15 2.15 .21 10 11.40 5.78 21 6.14 5.72 ) +"(" 15 8.60 7.64 ) 20( )=46.( " " * 275.288 2 137.644 5520.428 43 128.382 "" 5795.716 45 1.072 0.351 .893 2 .446 36.179 43 .841 " || " 37.071 45 0.530 0.592 .564 2 .282 2.913 43 .068 )\( 3.477 45 4.165 0.022* 1.022 2 .511 30.996 43 .721 ) x"(" 32.018 45 0.709 0.498 .167 2 .083 2.306 43 .054 ) "(" 2.473 45 1.556 0.223 193.081 2 96.540 ) +"(" 2.342 0.108 )20( ) = 0.05() ( ) = 0.05() ( . ) LSD ( )21 ( . ) 21( )LSD( )=46.( 3.92 X - 0.09 0.16 4.02 = X 0.25* "/" 3.76 = = X *) = 0.05 .( ) 21 ( ) = 0.05( . (: ) 22( " " )=46.( ) 1- 30()=13( 30 )=33( " " * "" 4.56 1.10 4.35 0.83 0.72 0.07 " | |" 59.16 14.01 53.61 9.93 1.52 0.06 )\( 3.85 0.33 3.94 0.26 1.04 0.19 ) x"(" 12.90 0.65 12.94 0.92 0.14 0.15 ) "(" 2.08 0.27 2.07 0.22 0.13 0.45 ) +"(" 9.62 6.44 7.49 6.68 0.98 0.32 )2.01 () 44( ) 22 ( ) = 0.05 ( . :: ) 23 (. ) 23( ) =46.( "\2" "" "" "" "" "" "%" "" %90 22 35 76 82 56.3 41.3 7.84 5.685 %80 22.01- 22.79 35-35 76.1- 77 82.1- 83 55- 56.2 40- 41.2 7.85- 9.15 5.516- 5.684 %70 22.80- 23.38 35.1- 36 77.1- 80 83.1- 85 51.9- 54.9 39.9- 39.9 9.16- 10.74 5.299- 5.515 %60 23.39- 23.80 36-36 80.1- 82.8 85.1- 86.6 50- 51.8 38.1- 39.8 10.74- 12.41 5.260- 5.298 %50 23.81- 25.33 36.1- 37 82.9- 85.5 86.7- 89.5 48.1- 49.9 38-38 12.42- 13.23 5.095- 5.259 %40 25.34- 26.82 37-37 85.6- 88 89.6- 91 48-48 37- 37.9 13.24- 15.69 5.014- 5.094 %30 26.29- 27.96 37.1- 38 88.1- 90 91.1- 92.9 47- 47.9 36.1- 36.9 15.70- 17.34 4.873- 5.013 %20 27.97- 28.37 38.1- 39 90.1- 92 93- 94.6 46- 46.9 35.4- 36 17.35- 18.34 4.724- 4.872 %10 28.38- 29.26 39.1- 40 92.1- 96 94.7- 97 45.7- 45.9 35- 35.3 18.35- 19.90 4.537- 4.723 ) 23 ( : - ) ( ) :22/235 67 8256.341.37.84% 5.69.( - -) ( ) :29.26/240969745.73519.9% 4.54.( : : )24 ( . ) 24( ) =46.( VO2max | | \ 30 \ \ +50 %90 71.24 3.53 11.97 2.35 16 %80 67.24-71.23 3.54-3.65 11.98 -12.21 2.30-2.34 14-15.9 %70 61.20-67.23 3.66-3.70 12.22 -12.43 2.24-2.29 12.9-13.9 %60 58.17-61.19 3.71-3.89 12.44 -12.74 2.16-2.23 12-12.8 %50 53.68-58.16 3.90-3.97 12.75 -12.98 2.08-2.15 7.5-11.9 %40 51.92-53.67 3.98-3.99 12.99 -13.14 2.01-2.07 6-7.4 %30 49.43-51.91 4.00-4.08 13.15 -13.29 1.93-2.00 3.1-5.9 %20 43.45-49.42 4.09-4.18 13.30 -13.48 1.85-1.92 2 -3 %10 40.87-43.44 4.19-4.25 13.49 -14.13 1.78-1.84 -2-1.9 )24 ( : - )30 () :71.24// 3.5311.972.3516.( - )30 () :40.87/ / 4.2514.131.78-2.( - - - : : : : )5( 35.264920 )Castagna and et al,2004(38 37 )Casajus and Castagna,2007( 35.5 )Weston and et al,2011( ) Galanti and et al,2008 ( 4945. 10365 80.41 1.78 )Castagna and et al,2004(78,8+-7 ) Casajus and Castagna,2007( 75.1. 1.781.90 1.62 )Casajus and Castagna,2007( 1.783 ) Castagna and et al,2004( 1.82. 32\2 20.88\225.54|2 )2006() 23.66|2( )20- 25(|2 . )30|2 ()Ravussin, E.Swinburn, 1992( ) 1999( )Body Mass Index()27.8/2( . : 3785.2489.2450.02 38 )2006 ( . )6(%)12- 22(%)16-25(%)25(% ) 1999.( 12.98 17.5013 13.65% )2006() 13.5(% :11.25 15.5715.46 )Casajus & Castagna,2007 (11.3.% 5.116.20 4.06 ) 2005 ( )Skogstad,et al.2002))Susana,et al.,1999( :5.69 6.326.10. ) Chin,et al.,1995( )Chin,et al.,1992( )Mahler, et al.,1982( :5.13 5.10 5.13. ) 1996( 5.13 : ") = "40X ")+("30X".( " :: )6( 4.41 6.13 2.40 ) (55.18 || 78.82 || 32.44 || )Casajus and Castagna,2007(VO2max 54.9 )Adams,1990 (: )25( ) VO2max ( )Astrand ( || . )( )VH( ) H( ) G( )M( )L( ) VL( - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - )1990 Adams( )2004 ( 42.63 || )Catterall and et al,1993 ( 9.44)Weston and et al,2011 ( 11.28 10.79. . )Casajus and Castagna,2007 ()4.1|.( 30 3.91 4.45 3.39. ) 2000() 30( )5,04()4,82( )30() 4,20( )4.15( ) 1999( )30()4,47( )Luis,2005( 30)3,04()Marcus,2004()Filin,1987( 30)3,55( . ) Kaneko and et al, 1983( )FT( ) ,1993 Wilson and et al( ).( )5 x 3( 12.9314.9311 )2000( ) 2004( . ) 1989( .)Matveev ,1998.( . 2.50 1.522.07 )2.14( ) 1991( )2.27() 2004( ) : 1999()2.55( ) 1992( ) 2.63( )Chris,2007 ()2.10(. ) 19994( . 21-6 8.09. )Pnatt,1989()1985( )1994()1985( )Hayward.1991( )47(%)41(%)10( )2 (% .. . :: :)7()8()9 ( : 0.38 0.390.40 )0.40( )0.38 ( . : - 0.31 - 0.40 - 0.36 - 0.47 - 0.45 - 0.33 - 0.48 )-0.48()- 0.31( . )2004( ) Fox and et al,1989 ( )Bowers and Fox,1992() Wilmore and Costill,1994(: . ) Fox and et al,1989( )LBW ()VO2max.( : 0.420.300.470.540.550.470.52 0.58 0.570.57 ) 0.58( )0.30( . )2004( . )1997( . . ) Barraw & Mgee,1989( ) 2000.( )2004 ( ) 2000.( : = X |)Fox and et al,1989,p675.( . : 0.330.320.330.400.300.320.310.37 )0.40( )0.30( . )2004( . )Klark and Klark,1988 ( ) 2000.( ) 1987 ( . ) 2004 ( . :)-0.33-0.40- 0.49- 0.34-0.41 - 0.30-0.54- 0.53- 0.0.35- 0.55( )0.55-( )0.00( . ) 2004 ( . . )2004( . )Lamb,1984( =X|. :)- 0.54 - 0.37 ( . )Heyward,1991( . ) ( . : - : : . - . - ) 2004.( . : : )=0.05 ( ( : ) 11()12( ) =0.05 ( : )LSD( : )12() =0.05( )1-3()4-6( )4-6()1-3()6( )6 (. ) = 0.05 ( )1-3()4-6( )4-6 ()1-3 () 6()6.( . )=0.05( )1-3()4-6()4-6 ( )1-3()6( ) 6( . . )Ted,1992( )wilter,1992()Arther & Leon,1979( . ( : )14( )15( )=0.05( . )LSD ( : )=0.05( . ) ( . . ( : . . :: )=0.05( (: )18( ) = 0.05 ( . . ( : ) 20 () = 0.05( . . )1997( . . (: ) 22( )=0.05( . . :: ) 23( )22.00(|2 )29.26(|2 25.24|2) 2004( ... 23.43|2 )20 - 25(|2.)30|2( )Ravussin & Swinburn, 1992( ) 1999 ( )Body Mass Index()27.8/2( . . )35.00( )40.00( )76.00( )96.00 ( )82.00 ( )97.00( )56.3 ( )45.7 ( )41.3( )35 (. ) Wilmore & Costill,1994(. )7.84 ( % )19.90%( )12.98%(. )1994( : ) ( % % -,% -,% -,% - ,% % % )6(% )12-22(%)16-25(%) 25(% ) 1999.( . )5.69 ( )4.54( 5.11. ) 2005()5.69( )6.56()Chin,et al.,1992 ( )5.10(. )Guyton &Hall,2006(VC " Vital Capacity " 4600: 1- T.V " Tidal Volume:" . 500 2-IRV " Inspiratory Reserve Volume" )( )( -ERV " Expiratory Reserve Volume " ).( )1996 ( ") = "40X ")+("30X"( " 5.13 . :: )24( )71.24(|| )40.87(|| 55.18 || . )Fox,et.al,1989()Bowers Fox,1992( )Lamb,1984()Wilmore &Costill,1994( )Slow- Twitch Fibers( ) ( . )Fox et.al.,1989()Wilmore& Costill.,1994( )17-20( )5-25(% )Wilmore Costill,1994()25()1(% )10( . 30 )3.53(30 )4.25(3.91. ) ( ) Matveev( : - : . - : . ) ( " " . ) ( . )11.97( )14.13 (12.93. : )2001( Gina) Bravo ,1996) )1995 ( . )Ekblom,1994 ( . (Matveev,1998) )2.35( )1.78(2.07 ) 2004( 1.86 2.872.27 1.55 3 2.22) 2008( 2.55. : ) 1993() Hypertrophy( )4-8( )1998( ) 1993( )Wilmore &Costill, 1994( )25-30 (. )16( )-2 ( 8.09. ) ( )( . . ) 2008( . : :- 1- :35.2680.411.7825.54 |2 37 85.24 89.24 50.02 38 12.98% 5.11. 2- 55.18||. 3- )30 ( 3.91. 4- :12.93 2.07 8.09 . 5- ) = 0.05( ) = 0.01( : -: )-0.48 (. - : )0.58(. - : )0.40.( - : )- 0.55 ( . - : )- 0.54 (. 6- )=0.05( : . 7- )=0.05( : . 8- ) = 0.05( . 9- ) = 0.05( . 10- )=0.05( . 11- )=0.05( . 12- . 13- . : : 1- . 2- . 3- . 4- . 5- . 6- . 7- . :: - ).1992(. .: . -)..( . : . - ) ..( . : . - .)1994" .( ." . - ).1991.(" 13-15". . - ).1998.( .)( 25)1 :(32-39. - ).1998.( 1996. 121 - 137. - ) ..( " ". . - ) .1989.(.: . - )1995.( . .24. - .)1987.( . : . - .)2008" .( )13-16(". : . - )1999 .(. :. - )2005.(.: . - ).2011 .( .: . - )1997.(.: . - ). .( .. - ).2008.( . 22 )5 ( 1421-1446. - ).1995.( .3 :. - ).1996.( . :. - .)2000.( 2.4: . - .)2000.( 1.: - .)1987.(. :. - .)1998.(.: . - .)1985.(. : 17. - .).( : . - .)2001.(.1: 34. - .).( . : . - ).1991.( . . 12: 135. - ).1989 .( . 2. : . - ).2004 .( . 5 )3( 10-33. - ) 2010.(.2 : . -.)2007.(.: . - .).( ) - ( . : . - ).2004.(.: . - ).1999.( . : . - ).1992.("." 22. - )..( . : . - )..( . .)( -. -).2001".( ". . - ).2008.(.:. -).1987.(.: . - )..( . : . - ).2000.( )(. ) ( 14. -).2005.( " )9-10(." )( 19)2:(371-397. - ).1978.( .: . - ).1985.(.2 :. - ).1997.( . : . - ).1980 .(. : . - ).1997.( . : . - ).1994(. . . - ).1993(..1 : . - ).2001.( . 10 )4( 167-184. - ).2008.( . ) ( 35)1:(128-141. - ). .( .: . - ).1975 .( ).4( :. - ).1992 .(.12 : . - ).1994.(.13 : . - ) ( . - .)2000.( .1 :. - .)1990(. . . - ).2004.( . )3:(130-159. - ).2008.( . . - .)2001 .( .1 : :303. - .)2007.( .4: . - ).1993.(.: . - ).2006.( .)( 33)1 :(242-254. - ).2005.( . 6)3(226-246. - ).1999.( . )( 13)1:(1-36. - ).2004.( . 44 :. - ).2006.( . 7 )1(223-247 . - ).2004 .( . . - ) .( . . - ) .1999(. . :. - ).2008.(. : . - ).1993.(.: . - )." .( " . . - ).2004.( . : 1. -)1999 .( :. : . - )..( .: . - ).1992.(. . . . . -) .1996.( . 1) 1 :(17 -27. -) .1994.(.: . - )..( . . - ).2005.(. . :: -Adams ,G,(1990).Exercise Physiology Laboratory Manual ,Wm. 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Vol.24,No.3,pp 396- 400. ) ( )2( : : : . . . . : **************************************************************************** : . - ( ) : . - ):(-( ) -( ) .( ) - : ) ( ( ) .( ) - ( ) . - : ( ) .( ) : : - ( ) - ( ) - ( ) \ - ( ) - ( ) - ( ) - ( ) - ( ) - :- ) ( - ) ( - ( ) . - ) .( : : - ) ( - ( )-/ ( )- / . - /. - ( ) :. . - * ( ) :. - - ( ) :. - - ( ): ) ( : : : : ) VO max (|| " " : ) Adams, ( ) Astrand-Arhming ( ) ( . : ) VO max ( : - . - . - ) ( )- ( | ) ( | . - ) (. - ) ( )- ( ) (. - )Morrows, ( ) ( : Ex HR =) + X) X =((|. - ) | ( : ) | =( DXF= ) Wt X ) | ( X ( X - ) VO max ( | ) Astrand-Arhming ( : VO max(L| Min)= + P HR - ) | ( )|| ( ) .( 10- : )( )VH ( ) H( ) G( )M( )L( ) VL ( - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ) 1990 Adams( *************************************************** : . : . : ) .( : . ) (. : ) ).( .( *************************************************** : . : : : X ) ( . * * * ** : ) ( ) ( . : ) .( *************************************************** : . : ) ) ( .( : . : . : . ) .( ******************************************************** : : . : . : : - . - . - . - . : . ) .( ************************************************** :: 1- : ) QIE- 2003A ( . 2- : ) .( 3- :. 4- : : )1978 ( : ) =1.10938(-)0.0008267(X) )))+((0.0000016(X) )((- ))0.0002574( X))(( 2006.( )Siri (: ) = (%) 4.95| 4.50( X)100) (Fox , et al,1989.( 5- : .. = | . 6- : ") = "40X ")+("30X"( ")1996(. ) ( X An- Najah National University Faculty of Graduate Studies "Constructing Norms of Some Anthropometric Measures and Physical Fitness among Soccer Referees in Palestine" Prepared by Alaa El Din Ahmed Mahmoud Alhotri Supervised by Prof. Abdel Naser Qadumi This Thesis is Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Physical Education, Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University, Nablus- Palestine 2012 B "Constructing Norms of Some Anthropometric Measures and Physical Fitness among Soccer Referees in Palestine" by Alaa El Din Ahmed Mahmoud Alhotri Supervised Professor Abdel Naser Abdel Rahim Qadumi Abstract This study aims to identify the level of the selected anthropometric measures and fitness, and the relationship between the selected anthropometric measures and fitness, and the impact of experience, the degree of refereeing and the number of matches on the selected anthropometric measures and fitness. In addition to, constructing norms of anthropometric measures and physical fitness among the referees of soccer in Palestine .To achieve this, the study was conducted on a sample of (46) soccer referees who are active in the Palestinian soccer league in various degrees in the end of the sports season (2010-2011) were selected in a comprehensive survey. The selected anthropometric measurements which were taken: age, body height, body mass and the circumeference of the neck, the waist, the hips, the thigh and the celf in addition to the percent of fat, the vital capacity, the University of California test to measure the maximum oxygen consumption and testing the sprint for (30) m, to measure the transitional speed , the test of the running zig-zag in a rectangular (3X 5) m to measure the agility, the test of the long jump from stability to measure the muscle power for both legs, and the test of the trunk bending forward and down from the long sit to measure the flexibility. C The results showed that the level of the selected antropometric measures among the soccer referees in Palestine was good, it showed that the level of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) of soccer referees in Palestine was good (55.18) ml / kg / min, and the level of 30-m sprint test was good (3.91) sec. While the study showed a decrease in each of: the agility, legs power and the flexibility of soccer referees in Palestine, which were respectively : 12.93 seconds, 2.07 m,and 8.09 cm . The results of the study showed many correlations at the level of significance ( = 0.05) and significance level ( = 0.01), it was the best correlations as follows: among maximum oxygen consumption and the percentage of fat in terms of (-0.48) , among the transitional speed and the chest fat in terms of (0.58), among the agility and the hips circumeference which reached (0.40), among the ability of the muscle legs and the proportion of fat in terms of (-0.55), and among the flexibility and thigh fat was (-0.54). Also, the study indicated a significant differences at ( = 0.05) in circumeferences of the neck, the waist, the percent of fat due to referee experience .Also, the results indicated a significant differences at ( = 0.05) in the circumefernces of the neck, the waist, the hips, the thigh, the celf and the percent of fat according to the degree of refereeing .While the differences were not significant in selected anthropometric measures ccording to the number of matches among the soccer referees in Palestine . The study showed a significant differences at ( = 0.05)in transitional speed according to the degree of refereeing .Furthermore, the results revealed that there were not significant differences in the other physical D fitness elements according to experience and the number of matches among soccer referees in Palestine. The study constructed norms of anthropometric measures and physical fitness of soccer referees in Palestine by the researcher. Based on the results of the study the researcher recommended a number of recommendations including: the benefit from the results of this study in selecting and rehabilitation and the follow-up of the refrees, hiring fitness spsecialists for training referees collectively or in groups, focusing on all factors of fitness, without exceptions, to rely on the physical aspects level when we hire a referee to manage the matches, distributing and training the refrees institutionally. Finally,conducting studies on other aspects of soccer referees in Palestine and similar studies of the referees of other games. Keywords: Anthropometric measurements, Fitness, Norms, Soccer referees. This document was created with Win2PDF available at http://www.win2pdf.com. The unregistered version of Win2PDF is for evaluation or non-commercial use only. This page will not be added after purchasing Win2PDF. http://www.win2pdf.com