Graduation Project (II) An- Najah National University Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology Department of Building Engineering “Graduation project report [2nd Graduation project]” “Educational Institute” Prepared by: Anas Maali Ibrahim Ishtawi Yahya Assi Supervisor Name: Eng.Nirmeen AL-Barq. 2020 ` 1 | P a g e Dedication Praise be to God, whose blessings are righteous. My graduation project has been successfully completed. I dedicate my graduation to the teacher of humanity, Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, to my beloved country to a lady beneath her feet Heaven is my mother to a man who has spent his life for my father to all my family and my brothers to all the friends and colleagues in the study to my colleagues in the project, to those whose words stand puzzled in front of their grace and assistance to them, my dear teachers, to all of you, I bow my stature and present the fruits of my academic years mawla Almighty asked him to benefit from it and make it for his kind face. ` 2 | P a g e ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All thanks to the supervisor engineer Nirmeen AL-Barq and to the Department of Building Engineering represented by all the teaching staff. ` 3 | P a g e DISCLAIMER This report was written by students at the Building Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and An-Najah National University. It has not been altered or corrected other than editorial corrections, as a result of assessment and it may contain language as well as content errors. The views expressed in it together with any outcomes and recommendations are solely those of the students. An-Najah National University accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequences of this report being used for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was commissioned. ` 4 | P a g e Abstract We chose this type of building because of the lack of Institute Educational in Palestine even it has a high importance to study and develop science and particular issue in order to rise up as a developing country. In terms of engineering, this center is located in Jericho (Dead Sea Rift) as it is a critical location in Palestine for earthquakes it adds potential to the challenges in this building. the design of this type of building differs from residential buildings, universities, schools, etc., through function, interior divisions and the furniture, and due to the high temperature of its location it adds more specifications and technical issues to take into consideration. The importance of this type of building lies in necessary that both scientific research and the availability of information side by side, scientific research, mechanisms, and specific scientific steps, by specialists to study a problem, or a particular issue, and information is: quantitative description provides a realistic picture of the subject, or the issue to be studied and addressed in order to develop, improve for the better, also The need for scientific research nowadays is more severe than ever before. Both developed and underdeveloped are important in advancing the economy. ` 5 | P a g e Table of Contents Dedication .............................................................................................................................................. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................................................... 2 DISCLAIMER ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. 4 List Of Figures ..................................................................................................................................... 11 List Of Tables ...................................................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 19 1.1Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 19 1.2 statement of the problem .............................................................................................................. 19 1.3 objectives.................................................................................................................................... 19 1.4 Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 19 1.5 codes and Specification ................................................................................................................ 20 1.5.1 For Architectural Standards : ................................................................................................ 20 1.5.2 For Structural Design : ......................................................................................................... 20 1.5.3 For Mechanical Design : ....................................................................................................... 20 Chapter2:Architectural Aspects ......................................................................................................... 21 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 21 2.2 Problem definition ....................................................................................................................... 21 2.3 Standard requirements.................................................................................................................. 21 1.3.1 corridors: .............................................................................................................................. 21 2.3.2 Stairs:.................................................................................................................................... 22 1.3.3 Ramp: ................................................................................................................................... 23 2.3.4 Elevator: ............................................................................................................................... 24 2.3.5 Bathrooms: ........................................................................................................................... 24 2.3.6 Offices: ................................................................................................................................. 27 2.3.7 Library: ................................................................................................................................. 28 2.3.8 Meeting room: ...................................................................................................................... 29 2.3.9 Emergency stair: ................................................................................................................... 30 2.4 Plans ............................................................................................................................................ 30 2.4.1 Plans before modification: ..................................................................................................... 30 2.4.2 Plans after modification:........................................................................................................ 32 2.4.2.1 Ground Floor: ................................................................................................................. 32 ` 6 | P a g e 2.4.2.2 First Floor: ..................................................................................................................... 32 2.4.2.3 Second Floor: ................................................................................................................. 33 Chapter 3: Environmental analysis .................................................................................................... 35 3.1 Site analysis ................................................................................................................................. 35 3.1.1 Overview: ............................................................................................................................. 35 3.1.2 Site location: ......................................................................................................................... 35 3.1.3 Climate: ................................................................................................................................ 36 3.1.4 Temperature: ......................................................................................................................... 36 3.1.5 Rainfall: ................................................................................................................................ 37 3.1.6 Wind: .................................................................................................................................... 37 3.1.7 Humidity:.............................................................................................................................. 38 3.2 Solar radiation ............................................................................................................................. 40 3.2.1 Eastern elevation: .................................................................................................................. 40 3.2.1.1 Before : .......................................................................................................................... 40 3.2.1.2After treatment : .............................................................................................................. 41 3.2.2 Western elevation:................................................................................................................. 41 3.2.2.1 Before: ........................................................................................................................... 41 3.2.2.2 After treatment : ............................................................................................................. 42 3.2.3 Northern elevation: ............................................................................................................... 43 3.2.3.1 Before : .......................................................................................................................... 43 3.2.3.2After treatment : .............................................................................................................. 44 3.2.4 Southern elevation: ............................................................................................................... 45 3.2.4.1 Before: ........................................................................................................................... 45 3.2.4.2After treatment : .............................................................................................................. 45 3.3 Day light ...................................................................................................................................... 47 3.3.1 Introduction: ......................................................................................................................... 47 3.3.2 Ground Floor: ....................................................................................................................... 47 3.3.2.1 Before : .......................................................................................................................... 47 3.3.2.2 After Solution:................................................................................................................ 48 3.3.3 First Floor: ............................................................................................................................ 49 3.3.3.1 Before : .......................................................................................................................... 49 3.3.3.2 After Solution:................................................................................................................ 50 ` 7 | P a g e 3.3.4 Second Floor: ........................................................................................................................ 51 3.3.4.1 Before : .......................................................................................................................... 51 3.3.4.2 After Solution:................................................................................................................ 52 3.5 Ventilation ................................................................................................................................... 53 3.6 Shadow ........................................................................................................................................ 54 3.6.1 In summer ( 21/7):................................................................................................................. 54 3.6.2 In winter ( 21/1) : .................................................................................................................. 56 3.7 Material properties ....................................................................................................................... 57 3.7.1 External Wall: ....................................................................................................................... 57 3.7.2 Flat roof: ............................................................................................................................... 58 3.8 Acoustical analyses and design .................................................................................................... 59 3.8.1Acoustical design ................................................................................................................... 60 3.8.2Reverberation time ................................................................................................................. 60 3.8.2.1Classroom ....................................................................................................................... 61 3.8.2.2Multipurpose hall ............................................................................................................ 63 3.8.2.3Techer office (staff room) ................................................................................................ 66 3.8.2.4Library ............................................................................................................................ 69 3.8.2.5Conference room ............................................................................................................. 71 3.8.2.6 Head office room ............................................................................................................ 74 3.8.2.7 Computer lab .................................................................................................................. 76 3.8.3 Noise control ......................................................................................................................... 78 3.8.4 Sound Transmission Class ..................................................................................................... 78 3.8.5 STC recommended values ..................................................................................................... 79 3.8.5.1Internal wall .................................................................................................................... 80 3.8.5.2External wall ................................................................................................................... 81 3.8.6Impact Insulation Class .......................................................................................................... 82 3.8.6 NR for different spaces.......................................................................................................... 83 3.8.7 Speech transmission index..................................................................................................... 83 Chapter 4: Structural design............................................................................................................... 85 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 85 4.2 Code & Specification .................................................................................................................... 85 4.3 Material ....................................................................................................................................... 85 4.4 Load combination. ....................................................................................................................... 86 ` 8 | P a g e 4.5 Loads. .......................................................................................................................................... 86 4.5 Thickness of slab. ........................................................................................................................ 87 4.6 structural Plans before and after modification ............................................................................... 89 4.7 ETABS analysis ........................................................................................................................... 91 4.7.1Computability check: ............................................................................................................. 91 4.7.2 Deflection check ................................................................................................................... 92 4.7.3 Equilibrium check ................................................................................................................. 95 4.7.4 Stress-Strain check ................................................................................................................ 98 4.7.5 Period check: ...................................................................................................................... 117 4.7.6 Drift check: ......................................................................................................................... 118 4.7.7 Modal mass Participation ratio check [MMPR]: .................................................................. 119 4.8 Design of element for building: .................................................................................................. 120 4.8.1 Slab design.......................................................................................................................... 120 4.8.2 Beams design: ..................................................................................................................... 125 4.8.3 Columns design:.................................................................................................................. 131 4.8.4 Shear walls design: .............................................................................................................. 134 4.8.5 Design of staircase: ............................................................................................................. 136 4.8.6 Design of mat foundation: ................................................................................................... 139 4.8.6.1 Check wide beam shear: ............................................................................................... 139 4.8.6.2 punching shear check: .................................................................................................. 140 4.8.6.3 Bearing capacity check: ................................................................................................ 141 4.8.6.4 Check deflection:.......................................................................................................... 141 4.8.6.5 Footing reinforcement: ................................................................................................. 142 4.8.7 Water tank: ......................................................................................................................... 144 4.8.7.1 Compatibility check: .................................................................................................... 145 4.8.7.2 Bearing capacity check: ................................................................................................ 146 4.8.7.3 Deflection check:.......................................................................................................... 147 4.8.7.4 Tension check: ............................................................................................................. 147 Chapter 5: ELECTROMECHANICAL DESIGN ............................................................................ 153 5.1 Artificial Lighting: ..................................................................................................................... 153 5.1.1 Introduction: ....................................................................................................................... 153 5.1.2 Design: ............................................................................................................................... 153 5.1.3 Spaces: - ............................................................................................................................. 155 ` 9 | P a g e 5.1.4Electrical lighting plans. ....................................................................................................... 159 5.2 Electrical Design: - .................................................................................................................... 160 5.2.1 Introduction: ....................................................................................................................... 160 5.2.2 Design: ............................................................................................................................... 160 5.2.3 Sample of Calculation:- ....................................................................................................... 161 5.2.4 Main circuit breaker for lighting. ......................................................................................... 163 5.2.5 Main circuit breaker for sockets........................................................................................... 164 5.2.6Main circuit breaker for elevators. ........................................................................................ 166 5.2.7 Elevators Calculations:- ....................................................................................................... 167 5.3Photovoltaic System Design (PV):- ............................................................................................. 168 5.3.1Introduction: ........................................................................................................................ 168 5.3.2Design: ................................................................................................................................ 168 5.3.3AutoCAD design:................................................................................................................. 168 5.3.4 Module specification: .......................................................................................................... 169 5.3.5 Design PV module by using PVsyst program :.................................................................... 170 5.3.6 Design PV module by using RETscreen program : ............................................................. 171 5.3.7 Energy Cost ........................................................................................................................ 175 5.3.8 PV system Cost: .................................................................................................................. 176 5.4 Mechanical design ..................................................................................................................... 178 5.4.1Introduction:- ....................................................................................................................... 178 5.4.2Capacity of tanks:- ............................................................................................................... 178 5.4.3 Volume of Rainwater Tank:- ............................................................................................... 179 5.4.4Volume of gray water tank:- ................................................................................................. 180 5.4.5Water supply system:- ......................................................................................................... 180 5.4.6Diameter calculations ........................................................................................................... 181 5.4.7 Pumping ............................................................................................................................. 188 5.5 Drainage system ........................................................................................................................ 189 5.6 Designing heating, air-conditioning and ventilation systems ....................................................... 191 5.7 Fire Protection ........................................................................................................................... 199 5.7.1 Fire extinguisher ................................................................................................................. 199 5.7.2 Sprinklers ............................................................................................................................ 200 5.7.3 Smoke Detector................................................................................................................... 201 5.7.4Circulation ........................................................................................................................... 202 ` 10 | P a g e Chapter 6: Quantity surveying and cost estimation ......................................................................... 204 6.1 Introduction: .............................................................................................................................. 204 6.2 Bill of quantities (BOQ): ............................................................................................................ 204 6.3 Summary: .................................................................................................................................. 204 Chapter 7: Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 205 7.1 Conclusion................................................................................................................................. 205 7.2 References ................................................................................................................................. 206 ` 11 | P a g e List Of Figures Figure 1: corridor width. ........................................................................................................................ 22 Figure 2: stair specification. ................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 3: definition of staircase terms. ................................................................................................... 23 Figure 4: Wheelchair ramp of rise 650 mm. ........................................................................................... 23 Figure 5: Elevator specification. ............................................................................................................ 24 Figure 6 : Single urinal and activity space. ............................................................................................. 25 Figure 7: Range of non-domestic washbasins, activity and circulation spaces. ........................................ 25 Figure 8: bathroom dimension. .............................................................................................................. 26 Figure 9: bathroom dimension. .............................................................................................................. 26 Figure 10: detailing of accessories for offices& lecture hall in cm . ........................................................ 27 Figure 11: library specification. ............................................................................................................. 28 Figure 12:Standard conference room. .................................................................................................... 29 Figure 13 :Standard conference room..................................................................................................... 29 Figure 14: Ground Floor. ....................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 15: First Floor. ............................................................................................................................ 31 Figure 16: Second Floor. ....................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 17: Ground Floor. ....................................................................................................................... 32 Figure 18: First Floor. ............................................................................................................................ 33 Figure 19: Second Floor. ....................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 20: location of project. ............................................................................................................... 35 Figure 21:Min, avg and max temperatures in Jericho. ............................................................................ 36 Figure 22: Rainfall and Rain Days in Jericho . ....................................................................................... 37 Figure 23: Max and Average Wind Speed and Wind Gust. ..................................................................... 38 Figure 24: Cloud and Humidity. ............................................................................................................ 39 Figure 25:cumulative insolation for East Elevation in winter. ................................................................. 40 Figure 26:cumulative insolation for East Elevation in summer. .............................................................. 40 Figure 27:cumulative insolation for East Elevation in winter. ................................................................. 41 Figure 28:cumulative insolation for East South Elevation in summer. .................................................... 41 Figure 29:cumulative insolation for west Elevation in winter . ............................................................... 42 Figure 30:cumulative insolation for West Elevation in summer. ............................................................. 42 Figure 31:cumulative insolation for West Elevation in summer. ............................................................. 43 Figure 32:cumulative insolation for West Elevation in Winter. .............................................................. 43 Figure 33: cumulative insolation for North Elevation in winter. ............................................................. 43 Figure 34: :cumulative insolation for North Elevation in summer. .......................................................... 44 Figure 35:cumulative insolation for North Elevation in summer. ............................................................ 44 Figure 36:cumulative insolation for North Elevation in Winter. ............................................................. 44 Figure 37:cumulative insolation for South Elevation in winter. .............................................................. 45 Figure 38:cumulative insolation for South Elevation in summer. ............................................................ 45 Figure 39:cumulative insolation for South Elevation in Winter. ............................................................. 46 Figure 40:cumulative insolation for South Elevation in summer. ............................................................ 46 Figure 41: Daylight before (Ground Floor). ........................................................................................... 47 Figure 42: Daylight analysis(before). ..................................................................................................... 48 Figure 43: Daylight after solution (Ground Floor). ................................................................................. 48 ` 12 | P a g e Figure 44: Daylight analysis (after). ....................................................................................................... 49 Figure 45: Daylight before (First Floor). ................................................................................................ 49 Figure 46: Daylight analysis(before). ..................................................................................................... 50 Figure 47: Daylight after solution (First Floor)....................................................................................... 50 Figure 48: Daylight analysis(after). ........................................................................................................ 51 Figure 49: Daylight before (Second Floor). ............................................................................................ 51 Figure 50: Daylight analysis(before). ..................................................................................................... 52 Figure 51: Daylight after solution (Second Floor). ................................................................................. 52 Figure 52: Daylight analysis (after). ....................................................................................................... 53 Figure 53: ventilation style in the building. ............................................................................................ 53 Figure 54:ventilation and wind direction in the building. ........................................................................ 54 Figure 55: Shadow at 9:00 Am. ............................................................................................................. 54 Figure 56: Shadow at 12:00 Pm. ............................................................................................................ 55 Figure 57: Shadow at 3:00 Pm. .............................................................................................................. 55 Figure 58: Shadow at 9:00 Am. ............................................................................................................. 56 Figure 59: Shadow at 12:00 Pm. ............................................................................................................ 56 Figure 60: Shadow at 3:00 Pm. .............................................................................................................. 57 Figure 61: Section in an external wall . .................................................................................................. 58 Figure 62: Section in an slab. ................................................................................................................. 58 Figure 63: Streets adjacent to the building.............................................................................................. 59 Figure 64: sound pressure level data ..................................................................................................... 60 Figure 65: the recommended reverberation time for classroom ............................................................ 61 Figure 66: the reverberation time graph for classroom before modification .......................................... 61 Figure 67: placoplaatre-gyptone sixto 63 SP material ............................................................................. 62 Figure 68: reverberation time graph for class room after modification .................................................... 62 Figure 69: recommended reverberation time for lecture and conference room ........................................ 63 Figure 70: reverberation time graph for multipurpose hall before modification ....................................... 64 Figure 71: multipurpose hall .................................................................................................................. 64 Figure 72:placoplatre-gyptone quattro 47 SP material ............................................................................ 65 Figure 73: reverberation time graph for multipurpose hall after modification ......................................... 65 Figure 74: reverberation time graph for staff room before modification .................................................. 66 Figure 75: staff room ............................................................................................................................. 67 Figure 76: placoplatre – gyptone sixto 63 SP material ............................................................................ 67 Figure 77: reverberation time graph for staff room after modification .................................................... 68 Figure 78: recommended reverberation time for library.......................................................................... 69 Figure 79: Library ................................................................................................................................. 69 Figure 80:reverberation time graph for library before modification ........................................................ 70 Figure 81:placoplatre-gyptone quattro 47 SP material ............................................................................ 70 Figure 82:reverberation time graph for library after modification ........................................................... 71 Figure 83:conference room .................................................................................................................... 71 Figure 84: reverberation time graph for conference room before modification ........................................ 72 Figure 85:placoplatre-gyptone quattro 47 SP material ............................................................................ 72 Figure 86:reverberation time graph for conference room after modification ........................................... 73 Figure 87: head office room ................................................................................................................... 74 file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/ابراهيم/مشروع%20التخرج/مشروع%202/2.docx%23_Toc40572789 file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/ابراهيم/مشروع%20التخرج/مشروع%202/2.docx%23_Toc40572790 file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/ابراهيم/مشروع%20التخرج/مشروع%202/2.docx%23_Toc40572791 ` 13 | P a g e Figure 88: reverberation time graph for head office room before modification ....................................... 74 Figure 89:placoplatre-gyptone quattro 47 SP material ............................................................................ 75 Figure 90: reverberation time graph for head master room after modification ......................................... 75 Figure 91:computer room ...................................................................................................................... 76 Figure 92: reverberation time graph for computer room before modification .......................................... 76 Figure 93:placoplatre-gyptone quattro 47 SP material ............................................................................ 77 Figure 94: reverberation time graph for computer room after modification ............................................. 77 Figure 95:different noise impact ............................................................................................................ 78 Figure 96: recommended STC for partitions specific occupancies .......................................................... 79 Figure 97: STC value for internal wall ................................................................................................... 80 Figure 98: STC value for external wall .................................................................................................. 81 Figure 99: IIC value for floor ................................................................................................................. 82 Figure 100:noise criteria different spaces ............................................................................................... 83 Figure 101: sound transmission index with articulation loss value .......................................................... 84 Figure 102: two-way ribbed slab. ........................................................................................................... 87 Figure 103: slab panel............................................................................................................................ 88 Figure 104: structural Plan before modification. ..................................................................................... 90 Figure 105: structural Plan after modification. ....................................................................................... 91 Figure 106:Computability check (from front) ......................................................................................... 92 Figure 107::Computability check (from back) ........................................................................................ 92 Figure 108:deflection for slab and beam. ............................................................................................... 93 Figure 109:(M3-3) from ETABS. .......................................................................................................... 93 Figure 110:deflection for beam1 & 2 ..................................................................................................... 94 Figure 111:deflection for beam 3 & 4 .................................................................................................... 94 Figure 112:Position column and beam used in calculation ...................................................................... 99 Figure 113:PL for column mid (in ETABS) .......................................................................................... 100 Figure 114:trbutry area 1 (from AutoCAD) .......................................................................................... 100 Figure 115: PL for column corner (in ETABS) ..................................................................................... 101 Figure 116:trbutry2 area (from AutoCAD) ........................................................................................... 102 Figure 117: PL for column edge (in ETABS) ........................................................................................ 103 Figure 118:trbutry 3 area (from AutoCAD). ......................................................................................... 103 Figure 119:panels description L/B ....................................................................................................... 104 Figure 120:span used in stress-strain .................................................................................................... 104 Figure 121:structural plan .................................................................................................................... 105 Figure 122:frame and rib section ......................................................................................................... 106 Figure 123:moment of inertia for rib ................................................................................................... 106 Figure 124:calculation (M.S+C.S+frame) ............................................................................................ 107 Figure 125:Moment frame (by hand) ................................................................................................... 108 Figure 126:moment fram (M1) ............................................................................................................ 109 Figure 127:moment frame (M2) .......................................................................................................... 109 Figure 128:moment frame (M3) .......................................................................................................... 110 Figure 129:column strip Moment (by hand) ......................................................................................... 111 Figure 130:column strip moment (M1) ................................................................................................ 111 Figure 131:column strip moment (M2) ................................................................................................ 112 ` 14 | P a g e Figure 132:column strip moment (M3) ................................................................................................ 112 Figure 133:Beam Moment (by hand) ................................................................................................... 113 Figure 134:Beam moment (M1) ........................................................................................................... 114 Figure 135:Beam moment (M2) ........................................................................................................... 114 Figure 136:Beam moment (M3) ........................................................................................................... 115 Figure 137:middle strip Moment (by hand) .......................................................................................... 116 Figure 838 :V13and V23 from ETABS .................................................................................................... 121 Figure 139: M11, M22 from ETABS. ..................................................................................................... 122 Figure 140:Steel detailing for first floor slab. ....................................................................................... 123 Figure 848 : Steel detailing for second and third floor slab. .................................................................. 123 Figure 142: Rib detailing for first floor slab. ......................................................................................... 124 Figure 143:Section in slab. ................................................................................................................... 124 Figure 144:area of steel for beam from ETABS. .................................................................................... 125 Figure 145:beam distribution in plan(first floor). ................................................................................. 125 Figure 146: beam distribution in plan (second & third floor). ............................................................... 126 Figure 147: General detailing for beam. ............................................................................................... 126 Figure 148: Longitudinal reinforcement for beam 50*70 ..................................................................... 128 Figure 149: shear reinforcement for beam 50*70 ................................................................................ 128 Figure 150: Detailing for beam(1&2) with diminution 50 x 70 cm. ........................................................ 129 Figure 151:Multible sections of beams. ............................................................................................... 130 Figure 152: area of steel for column from ETABS. ................................................................................ 131 Figure 153: General detailing for column. ............................................................................................ 132 Figure 154: Sections in all Columns. ..................................................................................................... 133 Figure 155:Area of steel for shear wall from ETABS.............................................................................. 134 Figure 156:shear walls distribution on plan. ......................................................................................... 134 Figure 157: shear wall 1 detailing......................................................................................................... 135 Figure 158:Shear force for staircase from ETABS.................................................................................. 136 Figure 159: ultimate moment M11u from ETABS. ................................................................................ 136 Figure 160: ultimate moment M22u from ETABS. ................................................................................ 137 Figure 161: Detailing for staircase. ....................................................................................................... 138 Figure 162: value of V12, V23 from safe program ................................................................................ 140 Figure 163: ratio for allowable shear and ultimate shear. .................................................................... 140 Figure 864 : stress under mat foundation. ............................................................................................ 141 Figure 165: Deflection contour for mat foundation from ETABS. .......................................................... 141 Figure 866 :area of steel for top bars. ................................................................................................... 142 Figure 867 : area of steel for bottom bars ............................................................................................ 142 Figure 168:Detailing of mat foundation. .............................................................................................. 143 Figure 169:section for mat footing. ...................................................................................................... 143 Figure 170: Deformed shape for water tank......................................................................................... 145 Figure 171: Joints stress on base of water tank. ................................................................................... 146 Figure 172: deflection for water tank from SAP. .................................................................................. 147 Figure 173: tension value for water tank walls. .................................................................................... 148 Figure 174: moment M11 and M22. .................................................................................................... 149 Figure 175: Vu for base of water tank. ................................................................................................. 150 ` 15 | P a g e Figure 176: Vu for roof of water tank. .................................................................................................. 151 Figure 177:Detailing for water tank. .................................................................................................... 152 Figure 178 : Luminaire specification 1 .................................................................................................. 154 Figure 179 : Class Room Shot ............................................................................................................... 155 Figure 180 : Lux distribution ................................................................................................................ 156 Figure 181 : Lux Distribution ................................................................................................................ 158 Figure 182 : Ground - luminaire ........................................................................................................... 159 Figure 183 : First- luminaire. ................................................................................................................ 159 Figure 184 : Second- luminaire............................................................................................................ 160 Figure 185: portrait panel distribution in AutoCAD. ............................................................................. 169 Figure 186: Panel specification. ........................................................................................................... 169 Figure 187: Panel specification. ........................................................................................................... 170 Figure 188: Orientation of panel. ......................................................................................................... 170 Figure 189 : Design PV from PVsyst 1 ................................................................................................... 171 Figure 190: Benchmark-power plants. ................................................................................................. 172 Figure 191 : Location Data. .................................................................................................................. 172 Figure 192 : Emissions result................................................................................................................ 173 Figure 193: Financial Viability. ............................................................................................................. 174 Figure 194 : Cash Flow Diagram. .......................................................................................................... 175 Figure 195: Target from energy. .......................................................................................................... 175 Figure 196: PV stand cost. ................................................................................................................... 176 Figure 197: Cable cost from BESTSUN .................................................................................................. 177 Figure 198: Average daily water consumption per person . .................................................................. 179 Figure 199: small tank on the upper roof and a water tank at the bottom. .......................................... 181 Figure 200: The total unit weight of the fixtures on each floor is connected with a stack. .................... 182 Figure 201: Friction loss chart for smooth pipe..................................................................................... 183 Figure 202: Diameter of pipes and maximum total number of diffuser. ............................................... 189 Figure 203: Required stack and sewer.................................................................................................. 190 Figure 204: Required stack and sewer.................................................................................................. 190 Figure 205: AOUA264TLBVG Air handler .............................................................................................. 191 Figure 206: AP0246BHP1-E / TR fan coil ........................................................................................... 194 Figure 207: Kavadra diffuser. ............................................................................................................... 195 Figure 208: Kavadra dimension. ........................................................................................................... 195 Figure 209: The dimension of diffuser. ................................................................................................. 196 Figure 210: The distribution of diffuser for fan coil 2............................................................................ 196 Figure 211: Pressure drop (∆P/EL) for low flow rates of round duct. .................................................... 197 Figure 212: The distribution of diffuser for fan coil 2............................................................................ 198 Figure 213: The distribution of diffuser for fan coil 3............................................................................ 198 Figure 214: Fire extinguisher types ...................................................................................................... 200 Figure 215: Fire sprinkler ..................................................................................................................... 201 Figure 216 Smoke detector and its location ......................................................................................... 202 Figure 217: exit signal .......................................................................................................................... 203 ` 16 | P a g e List Of Tables Table 1: cumulative insolation on Elevations. ....................................................................................... 46 Table 2: Noise at the site........................................................................................................................ 59 Table 3: reverberation time value for classroom before modification .................................................... 62 Table 4:reverberation time value for class room after modification ........................................................ 63 Table 5: reverberation time value for multipurpose hall before modification .......................................... 65 Table 6: recommended reverberation time value for office ..................................................................... 66 Table 7: reverberation time graph for staff room before modification ..................................................... 66 Table 8: reverberation time value for multipurpose hall after modification ............................................. 67 Table 9:reverberation time value for staff room after modification ......................................................... 68 Table 10:reverberation time value for library before modification .......................................................... 70 Table 11:reverberation time value for library after modification ............................................................ 71 Table 12:reverberation time value for conference room before modification ........................................ 72 Table 13:reverberation time value for conference room after modification ............................................. 73 Table 14:reverberation time value for head office room before modification .......................................... 74 Table 15:reverberation time value for head master room after modification............................................ 75 Table 16:reverberation time value for computer room before modification ............................................. 76 Table 17:reverberation time value for computer room after modification ............................................... 77 Table 18:background noise on learning spaces ...................................................................................... 83 Table 19: calculation of slab thickness ................................................................................................... 89 Table 20:Base reaction (From ETABS).................................................................................................. 95 Table 21: manually calculation for live load........................................................................................... 95 Table 22:manually calculation for (S.I.D) .............................................................................................. 96 Table 23:manually calculation for slab weight ....................................................................................... 97 Table 24:manually calculation for beam weight ..................................................................................... 97 Table 25:manually calculation for column weight .................................................................................. 98 Table 26:Result by manual calculation................................................................................................. 107 Table 27 : :period check. ...................................................................................................................... 117 Table 28: drift check. ........................................................................................................................... 118 Table 29: MMPR from ETABS. .............................................................................................................. 119 Table 30: Seismic factors in our project. .............................................................................................. 119 Table 31: Base reactions from ETABs. .................................................................................................. 120 Table 32: base shear from response spectrum cases for block E. ......................................................... 120 Table 33: distribution beam for the building. ....................................................................................... 127 Table 34: Table of reinforcing columns. ............................................................................................... 133 Table 35 : distribution shear walls for the building. .............................................................................. 135 file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/ابراهيم/مشروع%20التخرج/مشروع%202/2.docx%23_Toc40572945 ` 17 | P a g e Table 36: steel reinforcement for water tank. ...................................................................................... 152 Table 37: specifications of luminaire used in project. ........................................................................... 154 Table 38 : Type of Luminaire and Specifications ................................................................................... 155 Table 39 : Class Room luminaires position. .......................................................................................... 156 Table 40: Luminaire specification......................................................................................................... 157 Table 41: computer lab Result. ............................................................................................................ 158 Table 42: UGR results for computer lab in different tables. .................................................................. 158 Table 43 : Summary of result for each floor ......................................................................................... 160 Table 44: Current for each type ........................................................................................................... 161 Table 45: Cross section area for cables ................................................................................................ 161 Table 46: total power of lighting and socket. ....................................................................................... 162 Table 47: power of lighting for G.F. ...................................................................................................... 163 Table 48: power of lighting for F.F. ...................................................................................................... 163 Table 49: power of lighting for S.F. ...................................................................................................... 164 Table 50: power of socket for G.F. ....................................................................................................... 164 Table 51: power of socket for F.F. ........................................................................................................ 165 Table 52: power of socket for S.F. ........................................................................................................ 166 Table 53: Power of elevators. .............................................................................................................. 166 Table 54: Main circuit breaker calculation. .......................................................................................... 167 Table 55: elevators options and selection. ........................................................................................... 167 Table 56: the demand weights of fixtures unit. .................................................................................... 181 Table 57: Fixtures unit that connected with vertical pipe. .................................................................... 182 Table 58: Flow and pressure of typical plumbing fixtures ..................................................................... 185 Table 59: type of fixture and drainage fixture unit value. ..................................................................... 189 Table 60: the volumetric flow rate for each building area. ................................................................... 193 Table 61: The volumetric flow rate for diffuser. ................................................................................... 195 Table 62: Duct diameter and volumetric flow rate for duct section for fan coil 1.................................. 197 Table 63: classification of risk .............................................................................................................. 200 Table 64: number of sprinklers required in each space. ....................................................................... 201 ` 18 | P a g e ` 19 | P a g e Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1Overview The building is located in (Jericho city) 30 km from our capital, Jerusalem, the Educational Institute we selected our project is based on its area (1860 m2). This building includes three floors. the Educational Institute is the place where military and legal graduate studies, to create an educated and conscious generation for our country. This type of building is not widespread in Palestine ,it needs good designs to get an integrated job performance, and a sense of comfort for the employees inside the building as well as research students and master students. 1.2 statement of the problem There are many problems facing buildings during and after construction, and in our project there are many problems that will be adjusted with the best solutions to get good design results and ensure the operation of the building well. 1.3 objectives The main objective of the project is to obtain an integrated design in all respects, where the building will be modified from an architectural point of view which includes environmental analysis and comparison of the project with the specifications and design standards, as well as from the structural, mechanical and electrical aspects. Also. one of the goals that we hope to achieve good results in terms of design and operation, especially since this type of buildings is limited in Palestine, so we hope that this building will be a reference for buildings that will be designed 1.4 Methodology There are many engineering problems facing the projects, whether they are related to the design, the state laws related to construction, the areas related to the project and many others. In this project we will work to solve problems in all respects and then compare them with standards, and there is a case study that we will work on comparing with is the Korean Institute located at An-Najah National University in Nablus, in which seminars and administrative ` 20 | P a g e meetings and lectures for graduate students, as it is similar to our project as there are many programs that helped us Architecturally there is the Revit program, structurally there are ETAPS and SAP programs and environmentally there is the Design Builder program. 1.5 codes and Specification 1.5.1 For Architectural Standards : - Jordanian code of building space requirements. - Metric and book planning and design data. - Ernst and Peter Neufert Architect's Data third edition. 1.5.2 For Structural Design : -ASCE-7 for combination & load . -ACI 318-14. - UBC 97 1.5.3 For Mechanical Design : -(ASHRE): for heating, refrigeration and air conditioning design. - (NPC): plumbing design. ` 21 | P a g e Chapter2:Architectural Aspects 2.1 Introduction Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or any other structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements. In additional, architecture is closely related to the areas of city planning, urban planning, urban furnishings and interior design. In this region, finding an appropriate version of the design translates into the needs of the people first and then to the location later. Architectural and descriptive drawings must be prepared to determine the construction method, prepare schedules, estimate the cost, and manage construction. 2.2 Problem definition Academic research building in AL-Istqlal University-Jericho consist of three floors with a total area of 1860 m2 (ground600 m2, first660 m2 and second600 m2) contains conference halls, lecture halls, offices, Representation halls the plans are attached. The architectural base and standards have been studied, and accordingly some architectural and functional modifications have been made to suit this type of buildings in order to have the best engineering solutions ,best operational performance . Where the amendments were made depending on the following: 2.3 Standard requirements 1.3.1 corridors: The width of the corridor depends on the number of users, the space used and the areas required for movement, in general in this type of buildings the corridor can accommodate two people and must be at least 2 m. ` 22 | P a g e Figure 1: corridor width. 2.3.2 Stairs: In this type of building, the width of the stairs should be not less than 1.6 m, as the movement is large on the stairs, the Slopes for handicap and special needs, the slope width shall not be less than 1.5 m. Figure 2: stair specification. ` 23 | P a g e Figure 3: definition of staircase terms. 1.3.3 Ramp: “The most common provision made for wheelchairs is a ramp. However, most such ramps are difficult to use, both in mounting and in descending. Except for very short ramps (less than 0.5 m)they should be no steeper than 8 per cent (preferably 6 per cent)and unbroken lengths of ramp no longer than 10 m. For a rise of only 650 mm, therefore, a good ramp would take up a considerable area. The use of a chair lift or of ordinary lifts is therefore often preferable to a ramp, although these suffer from the need for adequate maintenance, and problems arise when they break down.” Figure 4: Wheelchair ramp of rise 650 mm. ` 24 | P a g e 2.3.4 Elevator: Figure 5: Elevator specification. 2.3.5 Bathrooms: The distribution and number of toilets will depend on the population and the use of the building (Academic research building). Standards dimension for Bath Rooms (length * width) in cm: •Toilet (70*38) cm. •Urinal bowl (30*35). •Wash-Basin (60*50) or (70*60). •Tow wash-Basin (120*60) or (140*60). •disabled toilet min size (220*150). •The free vertical height in W.C is not less 2.10 m. ` 25 | P a g e Figure 6 : Single urinal and activity space. Figure 7: Range of non-domestic washbasins, activity and circulation spaces. ` 26 | P a g e Figure 8: bathroom dimension. Figure 9: bathroom dimension. ` 27 | P a g e 2.3.6 Offices: The standard office for one person have a table and one chair for a guest at least, secretarial office must be contain a table and Bookcase and photocopier, In lecture hall the minimum area required for each person is 0.70m2. Figure 10: detailing of accessories for offices& lecture hall in cm . ` 28 | P a g e 2.3.7 Library: Figure 11: library specification. ` 29 | P a g e 2.3.8 Meeting room: Figure 12:Standard conference room. Figure 13 :Standard conference room. ` 30 | P a g e 2.3.9 Emergency stair: According to the requirements of the Palestinian Civil Defense the distance traveled from any point in the building to the nearest escape route should not exceed 30meters. Exits and escape routes should be as far apart as possible and the number of exits on each floor should not be less than two exits leading to at least two escape routes. All exits of non-ground floors should lead to protected stairs leading to the outside of the building, also the emergency exit should be at least 100 cm wide and Exit doors should be easy to open from the inside and fire resistant for at least an hour and open to the outside by pushing from the inside. It is not allowed to install blinds that obscure them from sight. It is not allowed to install mirrors near them so as not to cause disturbance or error in determining the exit directions. 2.4 Plans 2.4.1 Plans before modification: Figure 14: Ground Floor. ` 31 | P a g e Figure 15: First Floor. Figure 16: Second Floor. ` 32 | P a g e 2.4.2 Plans after modification: 2.4.2.1 Ground Floor: * Two emergency stairs were added as mentioned above, according to the Palestinian Civil Defense . *A library was added as standard instead of the meeting room . *Computer lab was added. * Male and female baths are becoming in one area. Figure 17: Ground Floor. 2.4.2.2 First Floor: * Two emergency stairs were added as mentioned above, according to the Palestinian Civil Defense . *Computer lab was added. * Male and female baths are becoming in one area. * Reduce meeting room space as standard. * Office secretarial was added. ` 33 | P a g e Figure 18: First Floor. 2.4.2.3 Second Floor: * Two emergency stairs were added as mentioned above, according to the Palestinian Civil Defense . *A Hall was added as standard instead of the meeting room . *Computer lab was added. * Male and female baths are becoming in one area. *Class room was added instead of the manager room . ` 34 | P a g e Figure 19: Second Floor. ` 35 | P a g e Chapter 3: Environmental analysis 3.1 Site analysis 3.1.1 Overview: During the design phase it is important to take into consideration the analysis of the site by the people responsible for the design process. Site analysis is one of the main factors responsible for the success of the building operationally, so the building must be analyzed in several aspects such as the project area, sunlight, wind, rain level, natural lighting, solar radiation, acoustics and shadow. 3.1.2 Site location: The building is located within AL- Istiqlal University in Jericho, it is Located 30 km from our capital, Jerusalem, the city of Jericho is located 258 meters (846 ft) below sea level in the Wadi al-Qalt in an oasis in the Jordan Valley, This city is characterized by its warm summer and mild winter conditions. In terms of engineering, as this center located in Jericho (Dead Sea Rift) as it is a critical location in Palestine for earthquakes. Figure 20: location of project. ` 36 | P a g e 3.1.3 Climate: The climate of the city of Jericho is characterized by very hot in summer and mild climate in winter. 3.1.4 Temperature: The average annual temperature in Palestine varies from month to month and from region to region according to astronomical, geographic and terrain location. January is the coldest month in Palestine, while July is the hottest month of the year. Below is an overview of the average temperature in Palestine. *Average summer temperatures: 1- In the coastal plains 25 - 30 ° C. 2 - in the mountain highlands and plateaus 20 - 26 ° C. 3 - In the Jordan Valley 28 - 35 ° C. The maximum temperature reaches 39 ° C in the city of Jericho in 2019. *Average winter temperatures: 1. In the coastal plains 12 ° C. 2 - in the highlands bar 8 - 10 ° C. 3 - in the Jordan Valley 12 - 14 ° C. The minimum temperature reaches 8 ° C in the city of Jericho in 2011. Figure 21:Min, avg and max temperatures in Jericho. ` 37 | P a g e 3.1.5 Rainfall: Jericho is the lowest city in the world, is located 258 meters (846 feet) below sea level, The amount of rainfall is generally affected on Palestine near and far from the Mediterranean sea, the annual rainfall in the city of Jericho is 152 mm. Figure 22: Rainfall and Rain Days in Jericho . 3.1.6 Wind: In Winter: *Western winds accompanying depressions. *Cool East Wind. In summer: *Northwesterly Wind. *Northeastern dry, hot winds . *Summer winds are regularly characterized by gusts. ` 38 | P a g e The following figure shows the wind speed during the ten years in the city of Jericho where as shown below the maximum wind speed reached 25 km per hour in 2019. Figure 23: Max and Average Wind Speed and Wind Gust. 3.1.7 Humidity: The importance of atmospheric humidity is that it is responsible for most major weather elements. The most humid months of the year are January and February, and the least humid months of the year are autumn - September / October, spring - April / May and the average humidity varies from place to place. The city of Jericho is one of the least recorded cities of humidity and humidity varies from year to year and be at average (40%-60%). ` 39 | P a g e The following figure shows the cloud and humidity during the ten years in the city of Jericho where as shown below the maximum humidity reached 63% in 2011. Figure 24: Cloud and Humidity. ` 40 | P a g e 3.2 Solar radiation The analysis of the solar is important to ensure the thermal comfort inside the building and people feel comfortable and make sure there is no high glare. The elevation of the building will be analyzed from the solar insolation using “Revit”, the following figure show solar analysis before and after treatment. 3.2.1 Eastern elevation: 3.2.1.1 Before : The eastern elevation is exposed to a lot of sun especially in the morning hours in summer and few in winter. The following figures show the solar insolation in winter and summer. Figure 25:cumulative insolation for East Elevation in winter. Figure 26:cumulative insolation for East Elevation in summer. ` 41 | P a g e 3.2.1.2After treatment : This elevation is acceptable and there is not a lot of windows and no treatment. Figure 27:cumulative insolation for East Elevation in winter. Figure 28:cumulative insolation for East South Elevation in summer. 3.2.2 Western elevation: 3.2.2.1 Before: The western elevation is exposed to a lot of sun especially in the evening hours in summer and few in winter. The following figures show the solar insolation in winter and summer. ` 42 | P a g e Figure 29:cumulative insolation for west Elevation in winter . Figure 30:cumulative insolation for West Elevation in summer. 3.2.2.2 After treatment : Trees were added in the western elevation to reduce solar in the summer thus, thermal comfort is better especially in summer. ` 43 | P a g e Figure 31:cumulative insolation for West Elevation in summer. Figure 32:cumulative insolation for West Elevation in Winter. 3.2.3 Northern elevation: 3.2.3.1 Before : The northern elevation is exposed of good quantity to sun in summer and less in winter ,the north elevation is very good for ventilation and lighting The following figures show the solar insolation in winter and summer. Figure 33: cumulative insolation for North Elevation in winter. ` 44 | P a g e Figure 34: :cumulative insolation for North Elevation in summer. 3.2.3.2After treatment : The north elevation is less susceptible to the sun as the results are good and no improvements are required. Figure 35:cumulative insolation for North Elevation in summer. Figure 36:cumulative insolation for North Elevation in Winter. ` 45 | P a g e 3.2.4 Southern elevation: 3.2.4.1 Before: The southern elevation is considered the best in terms of sun exposure in winter so it should be used as much as possible in winter and minimized in summer. It is good to enter the sun in winter and low in the summer to ensure thermal comfort. Figure 37:cumulative insolation for South Elevation in winter. Figure 38:cumulative insolation for South Elevation in summer. 3.2.4.2After treatment : The sun light enters in very large quantities in the winter and less summer, so cantilever has been placed in an appropriate way to reduce the amount for greater comfort inside the building. ` 46 | P a g e Figure 39:cumulative insolation for South Elevation in Winter. Figure 40:cumulative insolation for South Elevation in summer. Summary: 1-During the treatment of the walls we used cantilever in the southern elevation ,we also used trees to reduce the amount solar gain in KWh in west elevation.. 2- The amount of cumulative insolation is large and clearly on the Northern, Western & Eastern Elevations in the summer than winter ,but southern elevation is large and clear in the winter than summer. This table shows the cumulative insolation on Elevations : Elevation Summer( KWh) Winter( KWh) East elevation 18272(110 KWh/M2) 5646(34 KWh/M2) West elevation 23304(87 KWh/M2) 6513(25 KWh/M2) South elevation 29124 (62 KWh/M2) 29202(62 KWh/M2) North elevation 23587(51 KWh/M2) 7452(16 KWh/M2) Table 1: cumulative insolation on Elevations. ` 47 | P a g e 3.3 Day light 3.3.1 Introduction: Design Builder Used for daylight analysis daylight factor(DF) should be within average (2%- 5%) in order to ensure comfort within the building and avoid some problems such as glare and reflection. If the value is high, some solutions should be found like use of tinted glass, cantilever ,louvers and plant as high tree . If the values are low, some solutions should be used, such as the use of windows with a larger area , use a type of glass allows the passage of a greater amount of natural lighting and using artificial lighting. 3.3.2 Ground Floor: 3.3.2.1 Before : The following figure shows the daylight of the ground floor, where the lighting is good in the areas near the windows and poor in other areas and in the corridor. Figure 41: Daylight before (Ground Floor). ` 48 | P a g e The following figure illustrate the analysis of natural lighting in Spaces using Design builder. Figure 42: Daylight analysis(before). 3.3.2.2 After Solution: As shown below after the adjustment, which included the expansion of windows and the change in the type of the glass (clear glass ) that works on the passage of a larger amount of light improved the results, Nevertheless some areas need artificial Light. Figure 43: Daylight after solution (Ground Floor). ` 49 | P a g e The following figure illustrate the analysis of natural lighting in Spaces using Design builder. Figure 44: Daylight analysis (after). 3.3.3 First Floor: 3.3.3.1 Before : The following figure shows the daylight of the first floor, where the lighting is good in the areas near the windows and poor in other areas and in the corridor. Figure 45: Daylight before (First Floor). ` 50 | P a g e The following figure illustrate the analysis of natural lighting in Spaces using Design builder. Figure 46: Daylight analysis(before). 3.3.3.2 After Solution: As shown below after the adjustment, which included the expansion of windows and the change in the type of the glass for windows and door in manager room ( double clear glass) that works on the passage of a larger amount of light improved the results, Nevertheless some areas need artificial Light. Figure 47: Daylight after solution (First Floor). ` 51 | P a g e The following figure illustrate the analysis of natural lighting in Spaces using Design builder. Figure 48: Daylight analysis(after). 3.3.4 Second Floor: 3.3.4.1 Before : The following figure shows the daylight of the second floor, where the lighting is good in the areas near the windows and poor in other areas and in the corridor. Figure 49: Daylight before (Second Floor). ` 52 | P a g e The following figures illustrate the analysis of natural lighting in Spaces using Design builder. Figure 50: Daylight analysis(before). 3.3.4.2 After Solution: As shown below after the adjustment, which included the expansion of windows and the change in the type of the glass(clear glass) that works on the passage of a larger amount of light improved the results, Nevertheless some areas need artificial Light. Figure 51: Daylight after solution (Second Floor). The following figure illustrate the analysis of natural lighting in Spaces using Design builder. ` 53 | P a g e Figure 52: Daylight analysis (after). 3.5 Ventilation The prevailing wind direction in Palestine is northwest and west, so the spaces in these directions will be good in terms of ventilation. Figure (54): Shows the ventilation style in the building. Figure (55): Shows the ventilation and wind direction in the building. Figure 53: ventilation style in the building. ` 54 | P a g e Figure 54:ventilation and wind direction in the building. 3.6 Shadow 3.6.1 In summer ( 21/7): At 9:00 Am the shadow from west side because of the azimuth angle of sun. Figure 55: Shadow at 9:00 Am. ` 55 | P a g e At 12:00 Pm the shadow nearly disappear becouse of perpindiculer of the sun , azimuth more than 80 . Figure 56: Shadow at 12:00 Pm. At 3:00 Pm the shadow from east side . Figure 57: Shadow at 3:00 Pm. ` 56 | P a g e 3.6.2 In winter ( 21/1) : The shadow from north west side because the azimuth more than in 21/7 9:00 Am. Figure 58: Shadow at 9:00 Am. At 12:00 Pm the shadow is appeared from north side because the zenith angle of sun smaller than in 21/7 at 12:00 Pm. Figure 59: Shadow at 12:00 Pm. ` 57 | P a g e At 3:00 Pm the shadow is from north east side because the zenith angle of sun smaller than in 21/7 at 3:00 Pm. Figure 60: Shadow at 3:00 Pm. 3.7 Material properties 3.7.1 External Wall: U-value from design builder=0.627(W/m2.K). Consists of 5 cm stone, 10 cm concrete, 5 cm EPS Expanded Polystyrene , 10 cm blok and 2 cm plaster . ` 58 | P a g e Figure 61: Section in an external wall . 3.7.2 Flat roof: U-value from design builder=0.489(W/m2.K). Consists of 5cm XPS Extruded Polystyrene ,6 cm concrete, 24 cm blok , 80 cm air gap (False ceiling). Figure 62: Section in an slab. ` 59 | P a g e 3.8 Acoustical analyses and design The building is located in a convenient and this is good especially since the function of the building is educational. The readings of three streets adjacent to the building were measured at different times (8:30 am, 12:00 pm and 5:30 pm). The back ground noise reading were taken by (Sound Level Application) from the mobile. The following figure Shown the Streets adjacent to the building: Figure 63: Streets adjacent to the building. Street 1 main street behind the building and there is a medium movement and it is more noise than street 2 and street 3 which is considered sub-streets and often no movement. The following table shows the noise at the site: Time of measured Street Noise(dB) 8:30 AM Street 1 Street 2 Street 3 78 64 62 12 PM Street 1 Street 2 Street 3 82 71 69 5:30 PM Street 1 Street 2 Street 3 73 66 61 Table 2: Noise at the site. ` 60 | P a g e 3.8.1Acoustical design The acoustic design of this building is very important because it contains many architectural functions that should be taken into account acoustic designs such as classrooms, conference room, office (staff room), library, headmaster room, computer room and multipurpose hall. In acoustic simulation of buildings there are several programs used for this, such as ECOTECT program and INSUL program. 3.8.2Reverberation time The reverberation time is defined as the time it takes for sound to decrease by 60 dB to determine the length of this time, different parts of the reverberation curve are used. Figure 64: sound pressure level data ` 61 | P a g e The reverberation time is strongly influenced by the absorption coefficients of the surfaces as suggested in the illustration, but it also depends upon the volume of the room as shown in the Sabine formula. You won't get a long reverberation time with a small room. 3.8.2.1Classroom The classroom recommended RT60 = (0.5 – 0.9). Class room result (before add any acoustical solution) Figure 65: the recommended reverberation time for classroom Figure 66: the reverberation time graph for classroom before modification ` 62 | P a g e The result show that the RT (60) is away from standard value which is (0.5-0.9), so modification need to be done by add absorption material to celling. By use the following material for celling placoplatre – gyptone sixto 63 SP Figure 67: placoplaatre-gyptone sixto 63 SP material Figure 68: reverberation time graph for class room after modification Table 3: reverberation time value for classroom before modification ` 63 | P a g e Table 4:reverberation time value for class room after modification So, the result show that the RT60 are within the standard (0.5 – 0.9), human speech frq (512HZ- 2048 HZ), then the result is acceptable. 3.8.2.2Multipurpose hall Figure 69: recommended reverberation time for lecture and conference room Consider it as (lecture and conference room) ` 64 | P a g e The require RT60 is (0.6- 1.2) Before modification Figure 70: reverberation time graph for multipurpose hall before modification Volume: 245.930 m3 Surface Area: 293.020 m2 Most Suitable: Sabine (Uniformly distributed) Selected: Sabine (Uniformly distributed) Figure 71: multipurpose hall ` 65 | P a g e Table 5: reverberation time value for multipurpose hall before modification The result show that the RT (60) is away from standard value which is (0.6-1.2), so modification need to be done by add absorption material to celling. By use the following material for celling Figure 72:placoplatre-gyptone quattro 47 SP material Figure 73: reverberation time graph for multipurpose hall after modification ` 66 | P a g e Table 6: recommended reverberation time value for office So, the result show that the RT60 are within the standard (0.6 – 1.2), human speech frq (512HZ- 2048 HZ), then the result is acceptable. 3.8.2.3Techer office (staff room) Before modification Table 7: reverberation time graph for staff room before modification Figure 74: reverberation time graph for staff room before modification ` 67 | P a g e Table 8: reverberation time value for multipurpose hall after modification The result show that the RT (60) is away from standard value which is (0.5-1.1), so modification need to be done by add absorption material to celling. Figure 75: staff room After add material Figure 76: placoplatre – gyptone sixto 63 SP material ` 68 | P a g e Figure 77: reverberation time graph for staff room after modification Table 9:reverberation time value for staff room after modification So, the result show that the RT60 are within the standard (0.5 – 1.1), human speech (500HZ- 2000 HZ), then the result is acceptable. ` 69 | P a g e 3.8.2.4Library Figure 78: recommended reverberation time for library The recommended value is (0.55 – 0.95) Before modification Figure 79: Library ` 70 | P a g e Figure 80:reverberation time graph for library before modification Table 10:reverberation time value for library before modification The result show that the RT (60) is away from standard value which is (0.55-0.95), so modification need to be done by add absorption material to celling. After add material Figure 81:placoplatre-gyptone quattro 47 SP material ` 71 | P a g e Table 11:reverberation time value for library after modification Figure 82:reverberation time graph for library after modification So, the result show that the RT60 are within the standard (0.55 – 0.95), human speech (500HZ- 2000 HZ), then the result is acceptable. 3.8.2.5Conference room Figure 83:conference room ` 72 | P a g e Figure 84: reverberation time graph for conference room before modification Table 12:reverberation time value for conference room before modification The result show that the RT (60) is away from standard value which is (0.6 - 1.2), so modification need to be done by add absorption material to celling. After used material for celling Figure 85:placoplatre-gyptone quattro 47 SP material ` 73 | P a g e Figure 86:reverberation time graph for conference room after modification Table 13:reverberation time value for conference room after modification So, the result show that the RT60 are within the standard (0.6 – 1.2), human speech (500HZ- 2000 HZ), then the result is acceptable. ` 74 | P a g e 3.8.2.6 Head office room Figure 87: head office room Figure 88: reverberation time graph for head office room before modification Table 14:reverberation time value for head office room before modification The result show that the RT (60) is away from standard value which is (0.5 - 1.1), so modification need to be done by add absorption material to celling. After add material ` 75 | P a g e Figure 89:placoplatre-gyptone quattro 47 SP material Figure 90: reverberation time graph for head master room after modification Table 15:reverberation time value for head master room after modification So, the result show that the RT60 are within the standard (0.5 – 1.1), human speech (500HZ- 2000 HZ), then the result is acceptable. ` 76 | P a g e 3.8.2.7 Computer lab Figure 91:computer room Figure 92: reverberation time graph for computer room before modification The reverberation time for computer lab is the same for classroom which is (0.5 – 0.9) Table 16:reverberation time value for computer room before modification So, the result show that the RT60 are don’t match the standard (0.5 – 0.9), a modification needs to be done by add material. ` 77 | P a g e After add material for celling Figure 93:placoplatre-gyptone quattro 47 SP material Figure 94: reverberation time graph for computer room after modification Table 17:reverberation time value for computer room after modification So, the result show that the RT60 are within the standard (0.5 – 0.9), human speech (500HZ- 2000 HZ), then the result is acceptable. ` 78 | P a g e 3.8.3 Noise control Figure 95:different noise impact 3.8.4 Sound Transmission Class The amount of airborne sound blocked from transmitting through a partition is measured in a Sound Transmission Class (STC) rating. A higher STC rating will Sound transmission through walls will add to the background noise level in the space, degrading the ability to hear and understand speech. (HTTPS://WWW.SOUNDPROOFINGCOMPANY.COM/SOUNDPROOFING_101/UNDERSTANDING- STC-AND-STC-RATINGS) ` 79 | P a g e 3.8.5 STC recommended values Figure 96: recommended STC for partitions specific occupancies Summary for recommendation STC for rooms:  For classroom adjacent classroom, corridors the recommended STC value is 42, 40.  For office adjacent office, corridors, the recommended STC value is 40.  For conference room adjacent office, corridors the recommended STC value is 45, 42.  For Classroom doors should be rated as STC-30 or more. STC value for internal wall equal 47 which is within the requirements. By using INSUL program to evaluate the STC for internal partition: ` 80 | P a g e 3.8.5.1Internal wall Figure 97: STC value for int