The impact of using rubber on asphalt mix design Prepared by : Ibraheem Solimea Supervisor: Dr. Amjad Issa Raghad Al-Zerie Rinal Abdulallh 19-Jan-19 1 Graduation Project II 1 Outline : Introduction Objectives Methodology Performed Tests Optimum Asphalt Content Results & Discussion Conclusion Recommendations 19-Jan-19 2 Introduction 19-Jan-19 3 Problem Used tire disposal and recovery is a great challenge. Suggestion Using car tires in asphalt mixture. An environmentally friendly solution for the waste problem of tires Objectives The main objective of this project is to study the change in asphalt mixture properties after adding tires rubber. Make a new asphalt mixture with the same properties or with properties close to those of the traditional mixture in an environmentally friendly manner. Reduce the amount of bitumen in paving mixture which is expected to improve stability and durability. 19-Jan-19 4 To assess effectively the security needs of an organization and to evaluate and choose various security products and policies, the manager responsible for security needs some systematic way of defining the requirements for security and characterizing the approaches to satisfying those requirements. This is difficult enough in a centralized data processing environment; with the use of local and wide area networks the problems are compounded. ITU-T Recommendation X.800, Security Architecture for OSI, defines such a systematic approach. The OSI security architecture is useful to managers as a way of organizing the task of providing security. 4 Importance of the Project 19-Jan-19 5 Methodology 19-Jan-19 6 Obtain the materials Select experiments needed for the asphalt mix design Put a work plan Determine the percent of rubber added to optimum asphalt content Compare the results and properties (modified & unmodified) Collect and analyze the results Mix the rubber with bitumen Make samples of each percentage to do tests Calculate the optimum asphalt content Performed Tests Diagram 19-Jan-19 7 Access control Not every user should have access to your network. To keep out potential attackers, you need to recognize each user and each device. Then you can enforce your security policies. You can block noncompliant endpoint devices or give them only limited access. This process is network access control (NAC). 7 Tests Marshal Test for Asphalt Mix Samples Air Voids Vs. %Rubber Density Vs. %Rubber Bitumen Tests Ductility test Softening point Stability Vs. %Rubber Flow Vs. %Rubber VMA% Vs. %Rubber VFB% Vs. %Rubber Marshal Test for Asphalt Mix Samples (optimum) Air Voids Vs. Asphalt Content Density Vs. Asphalt Content Stability Vs. Asphalt Content Flow Vs. Asphalt Content VMA% Vs. Asphalt Content VFB% Vs. Asphalt Content Optimum asphalt content: 19-Jan-19 8 Bitumen and aggregate weights used in the test Aggregate percentages used in the test Marshall method of asphalt pavement mix design Unit weight 19-Jan-19 9 Bulk Specific Gravity and Unit Weight Results The relation between asphalt content and corresponding Unit Weight Air voids 19-Jan-19 10 Calculation of % of air voids. Percentage of rubber and corresponding air voids Voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) 19-Jan-19 11 Calculation of voids in mineral aggregate Asphalt content-VMA graphical representation Voids filled with bitumen (VFB) 19-Jan-19 12 Calculation of voids filled with bitumen (VFB) Asphalt content-VFB graphical relation Marshall Stability 19-Jan-19 13 Results of Marshall stability Asphalt content-Stability relation Flow 19-Jan-19 14 Results of Flow Asphalt content-Flow graphical relation 19-Jan-19 15 Optimum asphalt content:   The optimum asphalt content can be calculated as the average of the following. 19-Jan-19 16 19-Jan-19 17 Softening point test (using the ring and ball apparatus) 19-Jan-19 18 Softening Point Test Results The relation between %rubber and softening point in terms of temperature 19-Jan-19 19 Ductility of bitumen test Ductility Test Results Ductility test graphical presentation Use of an Authentication Server in 802.11i 19 19-Jan-19 20 Aggregate quantities by weight used in the test % of bitumen = 5.2% Bitumen and corresponding rubber used in the test Marshall method of rubberized asphalt mix design Unit weight 19-Jan-19 21 Bulk Specific Gravity and Unit Weight Results The relation between % of rubber and corresponding Unit Weight IPsec provides three degrees of freedom. First, it is highly modular, allowing users (or more likely, system administrators) to select from a variety of cryptographic algorithms and specialized security protocols. Second, IPsec allows users to select from a large menu of security properties, including access control, integrity, authentication, originality, and confidentiality. Third, IPsec can be used to protect “narrow” streams (e.g., packets belonging to a particular TCP connection being sent between a pair of hosts) or “wide” streams (e.g., all packets flowing between a pair of routers). In a transport mode SA, ESP’s payload data is simply a message for a higher layer such as UDP or TCP. In this mode, IPsec acts as an intermediate protocol layer, much like SSL/TLS does between TCP and a higher layer. When an ESP message is received, its payload is passed to the higher level protocol. In a tunnel mode SA, however, ESP’s payload data is itself an IP packet 21 Air voids 19-Jan-19 22 Calculation of % of air voids. Percentage of rubber and corresponding air voids Voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) 19-Jan-19 23 Calculation of voids in mineral aggregate Rubber-VMA graphical representation Voids filled with bitumen (VFB) 19-Jan-19 24 Calculation of voids filled with bitumen (VFB) Rubber-VFB graphical relation Marshall Stability 19-Jan-19 25 Results of Marshall stability % of Rubber-Stability relation Flow 19-Jan-19 26 Results of Flow % of Rubber-Flow graphical relation Conclusion Waste tires rubber can be used in asphalt pavement with optimum replacement ratio of 5% by weight of total bitumen. The average stability for 10 % rubber modified mixture was higher than the 0% rubber mixture. Most test values are consistent with the specifications limits. 19-Jan-19 27 Recommendations Based on the research results, we recommended to use a percent of 5% in the modified mixtures, because it gives the best results of (Stability & Flow) compared with traditional mixing. Proposing an appropriate methodology of waste rubber tires and transform it to a special dump. 19-Jan-19 28 19-Jan-19 29 image1.png image2.JPG image3.png image4.png image5.png image6.png image7.png image8.png image9.png image10.png image11.png image12.png image13.png image14.png image15.png image16.png image17.png image18.png image19.png image20.png image21.png image22.png image23.png image24.png image25.png image26.png image27.png image28.png image29.png image30.png image31.png image32.png image33.png image34.png image35.png image36.png image37.png image38.png media1.mp4 image39.png