An-Najah National University 

Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology  

Energy and Environment Department  

Graduation Project 2 

 

“Design of a large PV grid connected-pumping system: A grid and environment impact 

studies “ 

 

Supervised by: Dr. Tamer Khatib 

Prepared by: 

Bahaa Majadleh 

Mohammed Atira 

 

 

 

Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Bachelor degree in Energy 

Engineering. 

 

 

Spring 2018 

 



1 | P a g e  
 

Table of Contents: 
Table of Contents: ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 

List of Tables: ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 

List of figures: ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 

Abstract: ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6 

Discussion ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 

Literature review .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 

Methodology: ............................................................................................................................................................. 10 

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO SOLAR ENERGY .............................................................................................................. 11 

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 12 

1.1 Electricity in Palestine (Challenges and difficulties) ......................................................................................... 12 

1.2 Energy supply gaps are constraining economic growth ................................................................................... 12 

1.3: solar energy: .................................................................................................................................................... 13 

1.4: addressing constraints in growth of the sector: .............................................................................................. 14 

1.5 Solar radiation in Palestine ............................................................................................................................... 14 

CHAPTER 2: WATER PUMPING SYSTEM .......................................................................................................................... 16 

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 17 

Site view ...................................................................................................................................................................... 18 

Problem statement: .................................................................................................................................................... 21 

Energy Bill: .................................................................................................................................................................. 22 

CHAPTER 3: COMPONENTS OF SOLAR SYSTEM ................................................................................................................ 23 

3.1 Solar module ..................................................................................................................................................... 24 

3.2 inverters ............................................................................................................................................................ 25 

3.3 monitoring ........................................................................................................................................................ 26 

3.4 Protection: ........................................................................................................................................................ 26 

3.4.1 Fuses: ............................................................................................................................................................. 26 

3.4.2 circuit breakers .............................................................................................................................................. 26 

3.4 cables ................................................................................................................................................................ 27 

3.5 lighting protection system. ............................................................................................................................... 27 

3.6 Earthing ............................................................................................................................................................. 28 

3.7 RCD protection .................................................................................................................................................. 30 

CHAPTER 4: TRUE SOUTH ORIENTED DESIGN ................................................................................................................... 31 

Introduction: ............................................................................................................................................................... 32 

4.1 Solar Modules ................................................................................................................................................... 32 

4.2 Shading analysis ................................................................................................................................................ 33 

4.3 Inverters ............................................................................................................................................................ 37 



2 | P a g e  
 

4.4 Mentoring system ............................................................................................................................................. 39 

4.5 Cables ................................................................................................................................................................ 40 

4.5 Protection ......................................................................................................................................................... 40 

4.6 Bill of Quantity .................................................................................................................................................. 42 

4.6.1 BOQ for land .................................................................................................................................................. 42 

4.6.2 Well BOQ ........................................................................................................................................................ 43 

4.6.3 combination of land and well BOQ ................................................................................................................ 44 

4.7 Restscreen ......................................................................................................................................................... 44 

CHAPTER 5: HORIZONTAL ORIENTED DESIGN .................................................................................................................. 53 

Introduction: ............................................................................................................................................................... 54 

5.1 Solar Modules ................................................................................................................................................... 54 

5.3 Inverters ............................................................................................................................................................ 58 

4.4 Mentoring system ............................................................................................................................................. 60 

5.5 Cables ................................................................................................................................................................ 61 

5.6 Protection ......................................................................................................................................................... 62 

5.7 Bill of Quantity .................................................................................................................................................. 64 

5.8 Restscreen ......................................................................................................................................................... 65 

CHAPTER 6: OFF-GRID DESIGN ...................................................................................................................................... 70 

Introduction: ............................................................................................................................................................... 71 

6.1 Load estimation................................................................................................................................................. 72 

6.2 Solar source: ..................................................................................................................................................... 73 

6.3 system sizing ..................................................................................................................................................... 73 

Battery .................................................................................................................................................................... 74 

Solar Modules ......................................................................................................................................................... 74 

Inverter ....................................................................................................................................................................... 77 

6.4 Charge controller system ...................................................................................................................................... 78 

6.5 Cables .................................................................................................................................................................... 79 

1- DC cables............................................................................................................................................................. 79 

2-AC cables .............................................................................................................................................................. 79 

6.6 Protection ......................................................................................................................................................... 79 

6.7 Bill of Quantity .................................................................................................................................................. 81 

6.8 Restscreen ......................................................................................................................................................... 82 

CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ....................................................................................................... 86 

7.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................... 87 

7.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 87 

7.1.2 Study area ...................................................................................................................................................... 87 



3 | P a g e  
 

7.1.3 Objectives of the Study .................................................................................................................................. 87 

7.1.4 ESIA Methodology.......................................................................................................................................... 88 

7.1.5 Administrative and Legal Framework ............................................................................................................ 88 

7.1.6 Benefits of the Proposed Project ................................................................................................................... 89 

7.1.7 Envisaged Sustainability ................................................................................................................................. 89 

7.1.7.2 Technical Sustainability ........................................................................................................................... 89 

7.1.7.3 Environmental Sustainability .................................................................................................................. 90 

7.1.8 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .................................................... 90 

7.1.8.1 Impacts during construction phase : ...................................................................................................... 90 

7.1.8.2Impacts during operation phase : ............................................................................................................ 90 

7.1.8.3 Impacts during decommissioning phase................................................................................................. 90 

7.1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ....................................................................... 91 

7.2 Existing environment descriptions: ...................................................................................................................... 91 

7.2.1 Meteorological condition .............................................................................................................................. 91 

7.2.3 Noise .............................................................................................................................................................. 91 

7.2.4 Soil quality ...................................................................................................................................................... 91 

7.2.5 Present cropping practice and wild life ......................................................................................................... 91 

7.2.6 Economic baseline data ................................................................................................................................. 92 

7.3 ANALYSIS OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................................................. 92 

7.3.1 Site Alternatives ............................................................................................................................................. 92 

7.4 Public Participation ............................................................................................................................................... 92 

7.4.1 General........................................................................................................................................................... 92 

7.4.2 Objectives ...................................................................................................................................................... 92 

7.4.3 Taking actions ................................................................................................................................................ 92 

7.5 screening ............................................................................................................................................................... 93 

7.5.1 Terms of references ....................................................................................................................................... 93 

7.6 Scoping .................................................................................................................................................................. 94 

7.6.1 Environmental issues of the project: - ........................................................................................................... 94 

7.6.1.1 Noise: ...................................................................................................................................................... 94 

7.6.1.2 Land Use .................................................................................................................................................. 95 

7.6.1.3Air Quality ................................................................................................................................................ 95 

7.6.1.4 Biodiversity (Flora and Fauna ) ............................................................................................................... 95 

7.6.1.5 Soil ........................................................................................................................................................... 96 

7.6.1.6 Water resources...................................................................................................................................... 96 

7.6.1.7 Waste Generation ................................................................................................................................... 96 

7.6.2 Economic Components .................................................................................................................................. 97 



4 | P a g e  
 

7.6.2.1 Direct employment and income: ............................................................................................................ 97 

7.6.2.2 Transportation requirements: ................................................................................................................ 97 

7.6.3 Health component ......................................................................................................................................... 97 

7.6.3.1 Health and safety .................................................................................................................................... 97 

7.6.3.2 Employment opportunities ..................................................................................................................... 98 

7.7 Leopold matrix ...................................................................................................................................................... 98 

7.8 Mitigation measures ............................................................................................................................................. 98 

7.8.1 Noise .............................................................................................................................................................. 98 

7.8.2 Land use ......................................................................................................................................................... 99 

7.8.3 Air quality ....................................................................................................................................................... 99 

7.8.4 Biodiversity (Flora and Fauna) ..................................................................................................................... 100 

7.8.5 Soil ................................................................................................................................................................ 100 

7.8.6 Water resources........................................................................................................................................... 100 

7.8.7 Water generation ......................................................................................................................................... 101 

7.9 Environmental Monitoring Plan .......................................................................................................................... 101 

7.9.1 General......................................................................................................................................................... 101 

7.9.2 Objectives .................................................................................................................................................... 101 

7.10 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................... 103 

Results: ...................................................................................................................................................................... 104 

Conclusion: ................................................................................................................................................................ 105 

References: ............................................................................................................................................................... 106 

APPENDIX .................................................................................................................................................................... 107 

 

List of Tables: 
 

Table 1: mean monthly and annual daily global radiation ......................................................................................... 14 

Table 2The daily average global solar radiation (kWh/m2.day) ................................................................................. 15 

Table 3:: Monthly Averaged Diffuse Radiation Incident on A Horizontal Surface (kWh/m2/day) ............................. 18 

Table 4:: Monthly Averaged Direct Normal Radiation (kWh/m2/day) ....................................................................... 18 

Table 5:Monthly Averaged Solar Noon (GMT time) ................................................................................................... 19 

Table 6:Monthly Averaged Daylight Hours (hours) .................................................................................................... 19 

Table 7:Monthly Averaged Wind Speed At 50 m Above The Surface Of The Earth (m/s) ......................................... 19 

Table 8: Minimum and Maximum Difference From Monthly Averaged Wind Speed At 50 m (%) ............................ 19 

Table 9: Energy bill of the farm ................................................................................................................................... 22 

Table 10: PV Module specification ............................................................................................................................. 32 

Table 11: PV modules in south oriented ..................................................................................................................... 32 

Table 12: ABB inverters specifications ........................................................................................................................ 37 

Table 13: total number of inverters for the south oriented ......................................................................................... 38 

Table 14:eGauge mentoring system specifications .................................................................................................... 39 



5 | P a g e  
 

Table 15: DC protection of south oriented design...................................................................................................... 41 

Table 16: AC protection of South oriented design ..................................................................................................... 41 

Table 17: AC protection of south oriented design ...................................................................................................... 42 

Table 18: BOQ of land in south oriented design ......................................................................................................... 43 

Table 19: BOQ of well in south oriented design ......................................................................................................... 43 

Table 20:BOQ of the combination of the well and land for the south oriented design ............................................. 44 

Table 21: PV modules in south oriented ..................................................................................................................... 55 

Table 22: total number of inverters for the south oriented ....................................................................................... 59 

Table 23: eGuage monitoring system specifications .................................................................................................. 60 

Table 24:cross section area of AC cables and their location ...................................................................................... 61 

Table 25:DC protection of south oriented design ...................................................................................................... 62 

Table 26: AC protection of South oriented design ..................................................................................................... 63 

Table 27: AC protection of south oriented design ...................................................................................................... 63 

Table 28:Boq of horizontal design .............................................................................................................................. 64 

Table 29: avg daily and hourly energy consumption .................................................................................................. 72 

Table 30: avg daily peak sun hours ............................................................................................................................. 73 

Table 31: Battery specifications .................................................................................................................................. 74 

Table 32: PV Module specification ............................................................................................................................. 75 

Table 33: avg daily energy storage ............................................................................................................................. 76 

Table 34: Zigor, hybrid inverter specification ............................................................................................................. 77 

Table 35: DC protection for off grid system ............................................................................................................... 80 

Table 36: AC protection for off grid ............................................................................................................................ 80 

Table 37: BOQ for the off-grid design ......................................................................................................................... 81 

Table 38: sound levels ................................................................................................................................................. 94 

Table 40:Monitoring plan ......................................................................................................................................... 102 

 

List of figures: 
Figure 1: electricity imports and production .............................................................................................................. 13 

Figure 2:the pumping system ..................................................................................................................................... 17 

Figure 3: The plan of the farm .................................................................................................................................... 18 

Figure 4: the selected land to install PV ..................................................................................................................... 20 

Figure 5: the plan of the well ...................................................................................................................................... 20 

Figure 6: Energy Consumption of the farm ................................................................................................................ 22 

Figure 7 from cell to array .......................................................................................................................................... 24 

Figure 8: DC and AC current waveform ...................................................................................................................... 25 

Figure 9:Common DC and AC Grounding Electrode ................................................................................................... 29 

Figure 10: Combined DC Grounding-Electrode Conductor and AC Equipment Grounding Conductor ...................... 30 

Figure 11:The plan of the farm ................................................................................................................................... 33 

Figure 12: shading analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 34 

Figure 13: PV modules distributed in the land ........................................................................................................... 35 

Figure 14: PV modules distributed on the roof of the well ........................................................................................ 36 

Figure 15:The plan of the farm ................................................................................................................................... 55 

Figure 16:PV modules horizontal distributed in the land ........................................................................................... 56 

Figure 17:PV modules distributed on the roof of the well ......................................................................................... 57 

Figure 18: Avg daily and hourly energy consumption ................................................................................................ 72 

Figure 19: ESIA methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 88 



6 | P a g e  
 

 

Abstract: 
 

In this project we will design a PV system to install in a 0.25- acre farm near the city of Nablus, so we have 

three possible systems to do so: 

1- On grid system. 

2-  Off grid system.  

3-  Off and on grid system.  

The aim of the first graduation project is to analysis the first option ( on grid system ) , and to study it from 

an economical point of view to determine its feasibility . 

The software packages PVSYS and RETSCREEN will be used for determining the components of the PV 

systems and the output power of each estimation. The system design will include the power of the PV 

generator, the ratings of the inverter and its number, the wiring of the system and the protection features. 

We will discuss in details, the amount of PV’s required and how to orient them to give us the maximum 

power, number of inverters needed, number and sizing of cables, find the cost of the first analysis and 

how feasible it is on the land. 

Then we will design a 199.24kW for true-south and 266.9kw and 69.36 KW south oriented off grid 

system for the horizontal PV system to cover the load that the farm needs to operate during peak months. 

Moreover, a techno economical study will be done for this system including environmental impact 

assessment. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



7 | P a g e  
 

Discussion  
 

 

The farm has an area of 110 acres implanted with different kinds of crops that is locally used, the farm has 

a high consumption of water that is pumped over the whole area of the farm which makes the electricity 

bill very high for the farmers. Furthermore, the electricity is supplied from Tubas distribution company 

and it faces many blackouts during the peak times on the grid.  

The Farm’s owner faces many losses of the crops due to these blackouts and so he wants a reliability of 

providing electricity and also as well, he wants saving in his electricity bill by doing a PV system in a 

small area of the farm that can’t be used for agriculture which equals 2.5 acres (2500𝑚2), divided into 

two parts; the land (2000𝑚2) and building roof on the top of the well area which is (500𝑚2). 

We have studied the possibilities of the methods that would fit in with the constrains that we have such in 

order to install our system on the ground, so we came out with these three solutions.  

1- On-grid, True south oriented installed PV’s. On both (land and well). 

2- On-grid, Horizontal oriented installed PV’s. On both (land and well). 

3- Off-grid, True south oriented installed PV’s. only on the well. 

Furthermore, we will discuss each solution in details in the coming chapters and each solution will be 

provided with a Retscreen report for the financial issue and how feasible the solution is and also an 

environmental impact has been done to see the impact of installing the PV system on the around 

environment. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



8 | P a g e  
 

Literature review 
A large number of national and international studies have been conducted to study the opportunities of 

reducing electricity consumption and improving energy efficiency. These studies show that, it is quite 

possible to limit the increase in energy use without having negative effects. 

This chapter provides a literature review about previous work. The survey 

includes the following aspects: 

• Design and sizing of on-grid  PV systems. 

• Design and sizing of hybrid PV systems. 

 

 

Review of Related Work 

Many researches on the design and sizing approaches of grid-connected PV systems, and power quality of 

grid-connected PV systems have been investigated. 

Samimi et al. (1997), analyzed the optimal tilt angle and other aspects of PV modules in various climates. 

However, an economic optimization design tool for optimal PV size based on technology information, 

current tariffs and policy has not yet been developed.  

Haas et al. (1999), investigated the socioeconomic aspects about an Austrian 200 kWp-rooftop program 

(100 PV systems with an average capacity of 2.28 kWp) to promote small grid-connected PV systems in 

Austria. 

Gong, and Kulkarni (2005), suggested an optimization method for a grid-connected PV system based on 

maximizing the utilization of the array output energy and minimizing the electricity power sold to the 

grid. 

Li et al. (2009), dealt with the sizing optimization problem of stand-alone PVPS using hybrid energy 

storage technology. The three hybrid power systems, i.e., PV/Battery system, PV/fuel cell (PV/FC) 

system, and PV/FC/Battery system, are optimized, analyzed and compared. The proposed PV/FC/Battery 

hybrid system was found to be the configuration with lower cost, higher efficiency, and less PV modules 

as compared with single storage system. 

Al-Salaymeh et al. (2010), proposed a design of PV system to produce energy for basic domestic needs. 

The proposed design studied the feasibility of utilizing PV systems in a standard residential apartment in 

Amman city in Jordan to conduct energy and economic calculations. It was found that the calculated 

payback period high in a stand-alone system, to decrease payback period a grid-connected PV system was 

suggested. The output results of this study show that installation of PV system in a residential flat in 

Jordan may not be economically rewarding owing to the high cost of PV system compared to the cost of 

grid electricity. 

 Techno-economic evaluation of off-grid hybrid photovoltaic–diesel–battery power systems for rural 

electrification in Saudi Arabia—A way forward for sustainable development Techno-economic viability 

of hybrid photovoltaic diesel battery power systems for residential loads in Saudi Arabia has been 

presented. 

 



9 | P a g e  
 

 Economic viability of stand-alone solar photovoltaic system in comparison with diesel-powered system 

for India Mohanlal Kolhea,, Sunita Kolhea , J.C. Joshib,1(2002). The economic feasibility of standalone 

PV system in comparison to the most likely conventional alternative system has been analyzed for energy 

demand through sensitivity analysis and the analysis shows that PV-powered systems are the lowest cost 

option at a daily energy demand of up to 15kWh 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



10 | P a g e  
 

Methodology:  
 In our proposed project we divided the land that the PV system will be installed into two areas, one called 

the land with an area of 2000𝑚2 and the other is called the well which will be a roof topping with an area 

of 500𝑚2. 

The first thing we studied the area which the PV will be installed on, we designed the installations of the 

panels and taking into considerations the shading analysis between the arrays. And designed the proposed 

solutions which are the on-grid; true south 199.26KWp and 266.9KWp. and the hybrid solution, 

PV/Battery storage with the grid 69.36 KWp.  

The next step was to do the electrical diagram of each system, as each system consists of solar modules, 

inverters, DC and AC protection and earthing system. In each component of the system the ratings of each 

device are calculated to select the correct rating device in order to give the protection from over current 

production.  

After this process we gathered all of the components needed for each system and build a bill of quantity. 

We investigated the prices of the components in the Palestinian market so we can have a very close 

estimation of the cost of each proposal solution.  

At the end of our project and as we have all of the prices needed for each system we used Retscreen 

software application to do the economical analyzing, as the software has database of all of the locations 

around the world with the solar radiation for that location, we can expect the income savings of each 

system and thus we are able to know the simple payback period and the cost of energy and as well as the 

cost of the KWp of each system. 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



11 | P a g e  
 

 

CHAPTER 1: 

INTRODUCTION TO 

SOLAR ENERGY 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



12 | P a g e  
 

Chapter 1: Introduction to Solar energy 
 

Introduction 
 

Renewable energy is the key to a sustainable future, all other forms of energy will be eventually run out, 

whether it is oil within the next century or coal within the next several hundred, at some point in the future, 

we will need to be totally reliant in renewable forms or else we will have nothing left to "burn". 

Renewable energy is also a key to a sustainable future in that it has a much smaller environmental impact. 

The largest impact for many renewable forms is the damage done in getting the materials to make the 

machinery to harvest the energy. 

However, the overall impact in much smaller than the fossil fuels or nuclear energy, which has large 

extraction and waste problems, the drawbacks to use the renewable energy are availability and economics. 

Renewable energy sources contribute approximately 25% of the human energy use worldwide; the prime 

source of renewable energy is solar radiation, i.e. sunlight. 

Mankind's traditional uses of wind, water, and solar power are widespread in developed and developing 

countries, but the mass production of energy (electrical, thermal,……etc.), using renewable energy source 

has become popular only recently, reflecting the major threats if climate change due to pollution, concerns 

about exhaustion of fossil fuels, and the environmental, social and political of fossil fuels and nuclear power, 

many counters and organization promote renewable energies through taxes and subsidies. [1] 

 

1.1 Electricity in Palestine (Challenges and difficulties) 

The energy sector acts as a key enabler across all industries. Access to a stable and reasonably priced 

energy supply is an important driver of economic growth: wastewater treatment plants, manufacturing 

sites, high tech-hubs, hotels, and many other facilities require reliable power in order to operate 

effectively. In addition, households require electricity for families to lead a comfortable life, schools need 

it to create a functional learning environment, and hospitals depend on it to provide a consistent quality of 

care for patients. [2] 

1.2 Energy supply gaps are constraining economic growth  

The Palestinian economy is heavily dependent on energy imports with 90% of electricity currently. The 

remainder is generated by the Gaza Power Plant (GPP), which is fueled by imported gasoil. The majority 

of the imported electricity comes from Israel. [2] 



13 | P a g e  
 

 

Figure 1: electricity imports and production 

Dependence on imports combined with the high cost of domestic production has led to a significant gap 

between supply and demand. According to interviews, in 2010, the annual electricity needed in the West 

Bank and Gaza was estimated to be around 6,200 GWh, while supply was only 4,300 GWh. As a result of 

structural supply shortages in 2008 the majority of Gazan households suffered power cuts of at least eight 

hours per day, with some having no electricity for up to 12 hours per day. While less of an issue in the 

West Bank, major energy supply issues continue to affect Gaza.  A second problem is inadequate 

infrastructure. The world Bank estimates losses during distribution to be around 25%: Jordan experiences 

half this rate of loss and Israel’s losses are around 3%. 

By reducing dependence on energy imports and increasing utilization of renewable energy, ensuring 

resilient and sustainable energy supply, our analysis suggests that the Palestinian economy has an 

opportunity to produce up to 70% of its electricity needs domestically, with as much as 50% of 

production coming from renewable sources by 2030. If achieved, this could result in more than 17,000 

new jobs (from less than 1,000 in 2012) and directly add up to $2.2 B to GDP.[2] 

1.3: solar energy: 

Solar energy can be a major contributor to the future Palestinian energy supply, with its high potential in 

the area. Palestine receives about 3,000 hours of sunshine per year 

Domestic solar water heating (SWH) is widely used in Palestine where almost 70% of houses and 

apartments have such system. In fact, Palestine is one of the leading countries in the field of SWH for 

domestic purpose. 

Solar power has many types of technology to exploitation sunlight to produce energy. The following are 

used in Palestine.[3] 

a) Domestic solar water heater. 

b) Solar drying. 

c) Solar desalination and cooling. 

d) Photovoltaic. 

 



14 | P a g e  
 

1.4: addressing constraints in growth of the sector: 

There are four internal constraints that are largely within Palestinian control, which could be therefore 

feasibly addressed[3]: 

1- insufficient energy storage and domestic electricity production facilities, such as gas-freed power 

plants. This results in the high level of dependence on imports. 

2- A lack of incentives to encourage investment in renewable energy 

3- Electricity policies do not encourage small-scale generation. 

4- High rates of electricity theft, transmission losses and poor billing can result in extra cost being 

passed on to consumers who do regularly pay, driving up their prices 

 

1.5 Solar radiation in Palestine 

 

Energy from sun travels to the earth in the form of electromagnetic radiation similar to radio waves, but in 

a different frequency range. Available solar energy is often expressed in units of energy per time per unit 

area, such as watts per square meter (W/m²). The amount of energy available from the sun outside the 

earth's atmosphere is approximately 1367.7 W/m²; some of the solar energy is absorbed as it passes 

through the earth's atmosphere. As a result, on a clear day the amount of solar energy available at the earth's 

surface in the direction of the sun is typically about 1000 W/m². at any particular time, the available solar 

energy is primarily dependent on time and current cloud conditions. Furthermore, useable solar energy is 

depended upon available solar energy, other weather conditions, the technology used, and the application, 

the Mean monthly and annual daily global radiations (MJ/m2/day) in Jerusalem shown is the next table[3].  

 

Table 1: mean monthly and annual daily global radiation 

 



15 | P a g e  
 

 

 

 

The Daily Average Global Solar Radiation (kWh/m².day) is given below 

 

Table 2The daily average global solar radiation (kWh/m2.day) 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 



16 | P a g e  
 

CHAPTER 2: 

WATER PUMPING 

SYSTEM 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



17 | P a g e  
 

Chapter 2:  
Water Pumping system 

Introduction 
 

 The farm has an area of 110 acres implanted with different kinds of crops that is locally used, the farm 

has a high consumption of water that is pumped over the whole area of the farm, as the pumping system 

removes water from a well into a water distribution network to cover the whole area of the farm. The 

pumping system consist of 3 pumps (120HP, 50HP and 70HP).  

Thus, makes the electricity bill very high. There is a utility grid connected to the farm with a transformer 

of 6.6 kv in order to feed it with electricity 

 

 

Figure 2:the pumping system 

 

 



18 | P a g e  
 

Site view 
The farm that we are working on is oriented at Latitude 32.16 / Longitude 35.21   given below some tables 

defining exactly the parameters of our location. 

 

 

Figure 3: The plan of the farm 

 

Lat 32.16  

Lon 35.21 
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 

Annual 

Average 

22-year Average 1.04 1.33 1.63 1.86 1.92 1.86 1.82 1.70 1.45 1.27 1.05 0.96 1.49 

Minimum 0.93 1.12 1.30 1.64 1.67 1.73 1.64 1.56 1.28 1.09 0.98 0.82 1.31 

Maximum 1.07 1.36 1.77 2.03 2.19 2.08 1.98 1.83 1.56 1.42 1.15 0.99 1.62 

22-year Average K 0.48 0.49 0.54 0.59 0.64 0.67 0.67 0.65 0.64 0.58 0.53 0.48 0.58 

Minimum K 0.44 0.35 0.45 0.53 0.57 0.63 0.64 0.62 0.61 0.51 0.43 0.40 0.52 

Maximum K 0.56 0.60 0.65 0.65 0.69 0.70 0.70 0.68 0.68 0.64 0.57 0.58 0.64 

Table 3:: Monthly Averaged Diffuse Radiation Incident on A Horizontal Surface (kWh/m2/day) 

 

 

 

Lat 32.16  

Lon 35.21 
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 

Annual 

Average 

22-year Average 3.84 4.15 5.29 6.45 7.81 8.71 8.55 7.83 7.18 5.79 4.62 3.71 6.17 

Table 4:: Monthly Averaged Direct Normal Radiation (kWh/m2/day) 

 



19 | P a g e  
 

 

 

 

Lat 32.16  

Lon 35.21 
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 

Average 0950 0954 0948 0940 0936 0939 0946 0944 0935 0926 0924 0932 

Table 5:Monthly Averaged Solar Noon (GMT time) 

     

 
 

Lat 32.16  

Lon 35.21 
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 

Average 10.3 11.0 11.9 12.9 13.8 14.2 14.0 13.3 12.4 11.4 10.5 10.1 

 Table 6:Monthly Averaged Daylight Hours (hours) 

 

 

Lat 32.16  

Lon 35.21 
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 

Annual 

Average 

10-year Average 6.02 6.19 6.26 5.65 5.28 5.36 5.45 5.18 4.73 4.67 4.80 5.57 5.42 

Table 7:Monthly Averaged Wind Speed At 50 m Above The Surface Of The Earth (m/s) 

 

 

Lat 32.16  

Lon 35.21 
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 

Annual 

Average 

Minimum -11 -14 -10 -9 -8 -9 -7 -5 -5 -8 -12 -14 -9 

Maximum 13 19 12 12 9 7 6 5 5 10 10 15 10 

Table 8: Minimum and Maximum Difference From Monthly Averaged Wind Speed At 50 m (%) 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



20 | P a g e  
 

Given below an aerial view of the farm. The farm is located in Taloza village – block number 43 – parcel 

number 10.   

We have divided the working area into two categories as follows: 

1- The farm:  

 

Figure 4: the selected land to install PV 

The empty area above the meadow is our working area where we wish to install our system, this area is 

approximately 2 acres. 

2-  The water well: 

The farm consists of a water well to help irrigate the crops during drought seasons like summer, So the 

fact that some crops require constant irrigation led to a high electricity bill which is why the owner of the 

farm wishes to install PV system that helps him reducing his bill.  

 

Figure 5: the plan of the well 

 

 In order to use the area of the well to we will consider building a structural frame to install our system on. 



21 | P a g e  
 

Problem statement:  
 

The farm has an area of 110 acres implanted with different kinds of crops that is locally used, the farm has 

a high consumption of water that is pumped over the whole area of the farm which makes the electricity 

bill very high for the farmers. Furthermore, the electricity is supplied from Tubas distribution company 

and it faces many blackouts during the peak times on the grid.  

The Farm’s owner faces many losses of the crops due to these blackouts and so he wants a reliability of 

providing electricity and also as well, he wants saving in his electricity bill by doing a PV system in a 

small area of the farm that can’t be used for agriculture which equals 2.5 acres (2500𝑚2), divided into 

two parts; the land (2000𝑚2) and building roof on the top of the well area which is (500𝑚2). 

We have studied the possibilities of the methods that would fit in with the constrains that we have such in 

order to install our system on the ground, so we came out with these three solutions.  

4- On-grid, True south oriented installed PV’s. On both (land and well). 

5- On-grid, Horizontal oriented installed PV’s. On both (land and well). 

6- Off-grid, True south oriented installed PV’s. only on the well. 

Furthermore, we will discuss each solution in details in the coming chapters and each solution will be 

provided with a Retscreen report for the financial issue and how feasible the solution is and also an 

environmental impact has been done to see the impact of installing the PV system on the around 

environment. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



22 | P a g e  
 

Energy Bill:  
  

The energy bill for the farm is relatively a very high bill due to the pumping system to an open area of the 

farm. As can be noticed the peak of energy consumption from March to May each year. The farmer 

provided us, the energy bill for the whole year of 2017 as following in the table below. Taking in 

consideration the rate of KWH is 0.65NIS/KWH (0.184$/kwh) 

Month  Energy Consumption Money Paid 

January 1494 971.3 

February 13407 8714.84 

March 20094 13061.18 

April 67189 43673.35 

May 94417 61371.14 

June 16097 10463.61 

July 15384 10000 

August 15692 10200 

September 16154 10500.5 

October 16357 10632.5 

November 15579 10126.5 

December 7692 5000 

Total 299562 194715 
Table 9: Energy bill of the farm 

 

 

Figure 6: Energy Consumption of the farm 

 

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000

Consumption KWH



23 | P a g e  
 

CHAPTER 3: 

COMPONENTS OF 

SOLAR SYSTEM  

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 



24 | P a g e  
 

Chapter 3:  
Components of Solar System 
3.1 Solar module   

In the early 1950s, photovoltaic (PV) cells were developed as a spin-off of transistor technology. Very thin 

layers of pure silicon are impregnated with tiny amounts of other elements. When exposed to sunlight, small 

amounts of electricity are produced. Originally this technology was a costly source of power for satellites 

but it has steadily come down in price making it affordable to power homes and businesses [1]. 

 

Figure 7 from cell to array 

 

Cells  Semiconductor device that converts sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity 

Modules  PV modules consist of PV cell circuits sealed in an environmentally protective laminate and 

are the fundamental building block of PV systems 

Panels  PV panels include one or more PV modules assembled as a pre-wired, field-installable unit 

Array  A PV array is the complete power-generating unit, consisting of any number of PV modules 

and panels 

There are currently three commercial production technologies for PV Modules, the selection of solar 

modules should be based on various properties: 

Single Crystalline 

this is the oldest and more expensive production technique, but it's also the most efficient sunlight 

conversion technology available. Module efficiency averages about 10% to 12%. 

Polycrystalline or Multicrystalline 

this has a slightly lower conversion efficiency compared to single crystalline but manufacturing costs are 

also lower. Module efficiency averages about 10% to 11%. 



25 | P a g e  
 

Amorphous or Thin Film 

Silicon material is vaporized and deposited on glass or stainless steel. The cost is lower than any other 

method. Module efficiency averages 5% to 7%. 

3.2 inverters  

 

An inverter is an electrical circuit capable of turning DC power into AC power , while at the same time 

regulating the voltage , current, and frequency of the signal. 

 

A solar inverter, or converter or PV inverter, converts the variable direct current (DC) output of a 

photovoltaic (PV) solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current (AC) that can be fed into a 

commercial electrical grid or used by a local, off-grid electrical network [1]. 

 

Figure 8: DC and AC current waveform 

 

Working of Solar Inverter: 

Solar panels produce direct electricity with the help of electrons that are moving from negative to positive 

direction. Most of the appliances that we use at home work on alternative current. This AC is created by 

the constant back and forth of the electrons from negative to positive. In AC electricity the voltage can be 

adjusted according to the use of the appliance.  As solar panels only produce Direct current the solar inverter 

is used to convert the DC to AC. 

An inverter produces square waves or a sine wave which can be used for running lights, televisions, lights, 

motors etc. However, these inverters also produce harmonic distortion. Expensive inverters make use of 

lots of steps to produce a sine wave and thus are found in residential solar inverters. Basically, inverters 

should be a large one so that it supplies enough power to all the necessary appliances. 

The wires attached on the silicon catch hold of these neutrons and while connecting to the circuit, current 

is formed. This then gives space for direct electricity and for converting that into alternate electricity an 

inverter is used so that the house appliances can run. As mentioned before major of the house appliances 

work on alternate current hence an inverter is used to convert DC to AC [1]. 



26 | P a g e  
 

 

3.3 monitoring  

The Net Monitoring technology allows to monitor as many inverters as we wish, without the need of 

special communication cards that are usually required by the inverter manufacturers and you also don't 

need to pay for the online monitoring, no matter what size of system you have. 

The monitoring system provides: 

 

1- Real time energy information. 

2- Renewable Energy monitoring. 

3- Measurement and Verification of essential equipment (M&V) 

4- Operations and Maintenance of asset portfolio (O&M) 

5- Data export via push or pull with an open data API. 

6- Lower energy cost. 

7- Lower emission associated with fossil fuel energy. 

8- Establish building energy benchmark and LEED points. 

9- Peak Demand analysis. 

10- Energy Efficiency projects and commissioning. 

 

 

3.4 Protection: 

 

The selection of circuit protection devices for solar energy circuits is one area where designers pay a lot 

of attention for. These circuits may be used in systems ranging from residential-scale applications to those 

intended for large industrial facilities and grid-connected solar farms. Most of Protection parts get along 

with standards of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). For example, IEC 60364-7-712:2017 

applies to the electrical installation of PV systems intended to supply all or part of an installation [4]. 

 

3.4.1 Fuses: 

The most common first line of defense is fuses, a fuse, it must be selected to protect a PV source circuit 

operating at its short-circuit current rating, and also protect it in case of a fault on that circuit. Fuses, 

which are inherently passive devices, can be designed to be less costly than circuit breakers with the same 

performance characteristics. These PV system fuses and their testing are described in UL Standard 2579, 

Low-Voltage Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems, and IEC standard 60269-6[5+6] 

 

3.4.2 circuit breakers  

DC circuit breaker 

DC string circuit-breaker in large systems prevent regeneration from intact modules to 

modules with a short-circuit. Their advantage over fuses is that they are immediately ready for use after a 

trip, and when the cause of the trip has been remedied. 



27 | P a g e  
 

 For the correct dimensioning of a circuit-breaker in a direct current network some electrical parameters 

which characterize the device itself must be evaluated.[5+6] 

1. Rated operational voltage Ue 

It represents the value of voltage which determines the application of the equipment and to which all the 

other parameters typical of the equipment are referred. 

2. Rated uninterrupted current Iu 

It represents the value of current which the equipment can carry for a indefinite time (uninterrupted duty). 

This parameter is used to define the size of the circuit-breaker. 

3. Rated current In 

It represents the value of current which characterizes the protection trip unit mounted on the circuit-

breaker and determines the protection characteristic of the circuit- 

breaker itself according to the available settings of the trip unit. This current is often referred to the rated 

current of the load protected by the circuit-breaker itself. [5+6] 

 

 

AC circuit breaker  

To protect the inverter, both DC input and AC output need to be protected.  So AC Circuit Breakers are 

installed with different rates that suits the passing current through the AC wires to prevent any faults 

could occur. [5+6] 

  

3.4 cables  
 

DC Cables 

 A solar cable is the interconnection cable used in photovoltaic power generation. Solar cables 

interconnect solar panels and other electrical components of a photovoltaic system. Solar cables are 

designed to be UV resistant and weather resistant. They can be used within a large temperature range and 

are generally laid outside.  

Individual modules are connected using cables to form the PV generator. The module cables are 

connected into a string which leads into the generator junction box, and a main DC cable connects the 

generator junction box to the inverter. In order to eliminate the risk of ground faults and short circuits, the 

positive and negative cables, each with double insulation, are laid separately. [5+6]  

 

3.5 lighting protection system. 

Lightning protection is a common cause of failures in photovoltaic (PV). A damaging surge can occur 

from lightning that strikes a long distance from the system, or even between clouds. But most lightning 

damage is preventable. for preventing these effects, lighting protection is a must to install in solar 

systems.[7] 

A lighting protection system consist of: 

1- One or more air termination 



28 | P a g e  
 

2- Earthing conductor  

3- Separate electrode 

The earth-termination system of the PV system is designed as a ring earth electrode (surface earth 

electrode); whilst the earth-termination system of the operation building should be designed as a 

foundation earth electrode.  

The metal supporting frames, onto which the PV modules are fixed, must be connected to the earth-

termination Lightning and surge protection for PV systems on solar plants By A Bar wise, DEHN 

Protection South Africa Measures to protect the sensitive electronic system components from failure due 

to lightning flashes and surges are essential. The earth-termination system of the PV system and the one 

of the operation building, have to be connected to each other via at least one conductor. [7] 

 

Surge lighting equipotential bonding in principle, all conductive systems entering the operation building 

from outside have to be generally included into the lightning equipotential bonding. The requirements of 

lightning equipotential bonding are fulfilled by the direct connection of all metal systems and by the 

indirect connection of all live systems via lightning current arresters. Lightning equipotential bonding 

should be performed preferably near the entrance of the structure in order to prevent partial lightning 

currents from penetrating the building. The conductor in lighting protection is 70 mm2 standard to carry 

the very high current come from the lighting.[7] 

 

Surge protection Powerful surge Protection Devices used for installations and buildings with high lighting 

strike risk. They contribute to the safety of equipment. Surge Arresters ensure continuity of service of 

installation and divided into two categories; DC surge arresters and AC surge Arresters. [7] 

 

DC surge arresters  

It is connected to each string of the inverters after the fuses and placed in the DC protection panel that is 

near the inverter input. An Earth wire in the surge arrester is connected to the DC Earthing Base bare. 

AC surge arresters  

It is connected to each AC wire comes out from the inverter and placed in the AC protection panel that is 

near the inverter output. An Earth wire in the surge arrester is connected to the AC Earthing Base bare. 

 

3.6 Earthing 

      Ground defines as “the earth,” these words can mean connected, or connecting, to the earth. More often 

they mean connected, or connecting, to a conductive device that is connected to the earth. The electric 

potential of the earth is assumed to be zero. [7] 

    We need the ground system to discharge the high current in the earth if the system is ungrounded the 

current will reverse then may be causes fires and the same thing when open circuit happen. 



29 | P a g e  
 

      In AC systems, the grounded conductor is also known as the neutral conductor. DC systems can be 

negatively or positively grounded—based on the polarity of the grounded conductor—or ungrounded. The 

DC system grounding connection is accomplished through the main bonding jumper or, in the case of 

separately derived systems, via the system bonding jumper. System grounding on the DC side of a PV 

system generally occurs via a ground-fault protection circuit that is internal to a listed inverter. [7] 

When install the earthing we must be careful to: 

• provided that earthing conductors shall have a minimum size of 6.0 mm2 copper, 10 mm2 

aluminum or 70 mm2 hot dip galvanized steel. Unprotected aluminum or copper-clad aluminum 

conductors shall not be used for final underground connections to earth electrodes.  

• A minimum of two separate dedicated and interconnected earth electrodes must be used for the 

earthing of the solar PV system support structure with a total earth resistance not exceeding 5 Ohm. 

• When install the earthing we must do that after any ampere carry in the system. 

 The output of the PV module is DC but the output of the invertor is AC so we have two grounded system to 

the DC and AC but when we install it we must use one of three methods: [7] 

(1) Separate Direct-Current Grounding Electrode System Bonded to the Alternating-Current Grounding 

Electrode System. A separate DC grounding electrode or system shall be installed, and it shall be bonded 

directly to the ac grounding-electrode system. The size of any bonding jumper(s) between ac and dc systems 

shall be based on the larger size of the existing ac grounding electrode conductor or the size of the dc 

grounding electrode conductor. The dc grounding electrode system conductor(s) or the bonding jumpers to 

the ac grounding electrode system shall not be used as a substitute for any required ac equipment grounding 

conductors.  

(2) Common Direct-Current and Alternating-Current Grounding Electrode. A dc grounding electrode 

conductor, shall be run from the marked DC grounding electrode connection point to the AC grounding 

electrode. Where an AC grounding electrode is not accessible, the DC grounding electrode conductor shall 

be connected to the AC grounding electrode conductor. This DC grounding electrode conductor shall not 

be used as a substitute for any required ac equipment grounding conductors.  

 

 

                                     Figure 9:Common DC and AC Grounding Electrode 

 



30 | P a g e  
 

 

(3) Combined DC Grounding-Electrode Conductor and AC Equipment Grounding Conductor. An unspliced, 

or irreversibly spliced, combined grounding conductor shall be run from the marked DC grounding 

electrode conductor connection point along with the AC circuit conductors to the grounding busbar in the 

associated ac equipment. This combined grounding conductor shall be the larger. 

Although any of the three methods of making connections to the inverter grounding electrode terminal may 

be used, there are advantages and disadvantages to each. [7] 

 

 

Figure 10: Combined DC Grounding-Electrode Conductor and AC Equipment Grounding Conductor 

 

 

3.7 RCD protection 

  

An RCD, or residual current device, is a life-saving device which is designed to prevent you from getting 

a fatal electric shock if you touch something live, such as a bare wire. It can also provide some protection 

against electrical fires. RCDs offer a level of personal protection that ordinary fuses and circuit-breakers 

cannot provide. [7] 

 

 

 

 

 

 



31 | P a g e  
 

 

 

CHAPTER 4: 

TRUE SOUTH 

ORIENTED DESIGN 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



32 | P a g e  
 

Chapter 4:  
True South Oriented Design 

Introduction: 
In this solution we used both areas that can PV installed on; the land and well, an overall area of 2500𝑚2. This 

system will be connected with grid in net metering tariff which is a method designed to accelerate investments in 

renewable energy by allowing energy producers to be compensated for the energy they feed back into the grid.  

Tubas electricity distribution company takes 10% as services of the energy produced from the PV system and the 

other 90% of generated electricity will be discounted from the electricity bill, and if the production of energy 

exceeds of the energy consumed, the bi-directional net-metering will save the credits of the excess energy for the 

coming months and so on till the end of year, if any energy is consumed more then money should be paid and if 

the annual energy production exceeds then in this case no money returns to the producer. 

In this case 199.24 KWp will be connected into the grid divided as 127.84KWp (17 ˚ tilted angle) installed on the 

land and 71.4 KWp (27˚ tilted angle) installed as roof toping of the well.  

 

4.1 Solar Modules  

For our design we are going to use the module from Hanwha Q cell, named as: Q. plus-L-G4.2,330-340 

with the following specifications  

 

PV module specification  

Type  Q. plus-L-G4.2,330-340 

 

Maximum power (P max) 340 Wp 

Maximum voltage (V max) 37.63 V 

Maximum current (I max) 9.03 A 

Short circuit current (I s.c) 9.59 A 

Open circuit voltage (V o.c) 47.07 V 

Efficiency  17.4% 
Table 10: PV Module specification 

The total number of PV modules is 586. With a power of 340w for each, deliever a power of 199.24 KWp 

distributed as following.  

 

Tilt Angle True South  

17˚ 376 Land 

27˚ 210 Well 

586 Total 
Table 11: PV modules in south oriented 



33 | P a g e  
 

 

The below picture is an overview of the whole farm without installing anything. 

 

Figure 11:The plan of the farm 

we took a 3-m space from the fence in the farm to the PV’s so the fence won’t cause any shading to the 

PV’S plus it is a space for any working or maintenance that would be held in the future and in the south 

east of the farm a service room will be built to have the land system connections and inverters. 

We took 1.5-m as shading between the PV’s the calculation of shading as following  

4.2 Shading analysis  

Shading analysis is one of the most essential steps in phase of solar energy system design or analysis. In 

photovoltaic it is important to analyze shading caused by surrounding objects and/or vegetation. The 

availability of Photovoltaic (PV) and increased interest in using and installing this system encourages the 

need to review the methodologies and assumptions used to develop. 

Shading Calculations: 

Depending on J.K Copper’s method to calculate array spacing of Photovoltaic systems using vector 

analysis. 

The proposed values are: 

* Tilt angle = 17 ̊  

An array consists of three PV modules (three rows) 



34 | P a g e  
 

 

Figure 12: shading analysis 

 Eq 1 :    𝑆 =
𝐻

𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑉𝑆𝐴
  

  Eq 2   𝐻 =  𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵𝑎 ∗  𝑊𝑝 

  Eq 3 :tan VSA =  
tan αs

cos ɸ
      As: 

:s : Altitude angle. 

ɸs : Azimuth angle of the sun. 

ɸc : Azimuth angle of the collector . 

Ba : Tilt angle 

Wp :  PV width  

S : Shading distance 

considering the maximum  self-shading on the 21st of December at 14:00 ,  

αs at 14:00 = 25.07 

ɸs at 14:00 = 215.87 

ɸc = 180 ̊ from North 

then:  

tan VSA =  
tan 25.07

cos (215.87 − 180)
 

tan VSA =  
0.47

0.81
 

Tan VSA = 0.5775  

𝐻 =  𝑆𝑖𝑛 17 ∗  2.98 



35 | P a g e  
 

H = 0.8713  

 

Back to Eq 1 : 

𝑆 =
0.8713

0.5775
 

S = 1.51 meter 

 

 

PV modules distribution for the land area 

The following figure descirbes the destribution of the PV modules in the land after taking cosideration of 

both the service road and the shading area between the modules arrays.  

We used Autocad software inorder to sketch the following plan. 

 

 

 

Figure 13: PV modules distributed in the land 



36 | P a g e  
 

PV modules distribution for the well roofing area:  

The area of the well is (500𝑚2) and we need to get as much as we can of this area in order to get the max 

power of the modules installed, thus we used the same method as for the land with Tilt angle =27˚, but 

without doing separated arrays here we have smaller. Thus these modules will be installed on a tough roof 

(27˚ tilted to south) in order to have the max number of modules on that roof, so no shading between 

arrays should be calculated. 

 

Figure 14: PV modules distributed on the roof of the well 

 

 

 

 



37 | P a g e  
 

4.3 Inverters  

For our design we have selected ABB module TRIO inverter, named as: TRIO-20.0/27-Tl-OULT, PVI-

10/12 and TRIO 5.8/8.5  

The following table shows the specifications of these inverters then following them with the calculations 

to size the inverters that are needed for the true south oriented solution. 

  

Inverter 

specification 

 type 20Kw 10KW 5.8 Kw 

Max abs DC input  1000v 1000v 1000v 
Number of mppt 2 2 1 

DC input volt range (mppt) 440-800 300-750 320-800 
DC max input current (mppt) 30A  22A 24A 
DC rated power 20750w 10300w 5950w 

AC voltage range 400V 400V 400V 

AC Max current 33A 16A 10A 

Max. efficiency            98.2%   97.3% 98% 
Table 12: ABB inverters specifications  

  

1- size the inverters for the land:   

total number of panels for the land = 376 panels 

for the panels: Imppt=9.03 Vmppt=37.63  

for each inverter MPPT 

15(panels)*37.63(vmppt)= 564.45 (in range of 20KW inverter) 

2(arrays of panels) *9.03= 18.06A (less than the max current for mppt of the inverter)  

Number of panels for each MPPT = 15*2 = 30 Panels  

Number of panels for 2 MPPTs (one inverter 20KW) = 30*2 = 60 panels  

Total number of panels for the land design = 376 panels  

Number of (20 KW inverters) = 6 inverters (6*20 = 120 KW) 

Total number of panels = 6*60 = 360 panels (360*0.34KW/Panel = 122.4KW) 

But total number of the land design = 376  

16 panels need another inverter so (16*0.34KW) = 5.44 so we choose 5.8KW 

Number of mppt for 5.8 inverter is 2 but we use one mppt  

16panels * 37.63 v/panel = 602.08 V ( in range ) 

2- size the inverters for the well:   



38 | P a g e  
 

total number of panels for the well = 210 panels  

for the panels: Imppt=9.03 Vmppt=37.63  

for each inverter MPPT 

15(panels)*37.63(vmppt)= 564.45 (in range of 20KW inverter) 

2(arrays of panels) *9.03= 18.06A (less than the max current for mppt of the inverter)  

Number of panels for each MPPT = 15*2 = 30 Panels  

Number of panels for 2 MPPTs (one inverter 20KW) = 30*2 = 60 panels  

Total number of panels for the land design = 210 panels  

Number of (20 KW inverters) = 3 inverters (3*20 = 60KW) 

Total number of panels = 3*60 = 180 panels (180*0.34KW/Panel = 61.2KW) 

But total number of the land design = 210 

30 panels need another inverter so (30*0.34KW) = 10.2Kw so we choose 10KW inverter 

Number of mppt for 10KW inverter is 2  

For each MPPT: 

15panels * 37.63 v/panel = 564.45 V ( in range )  

1(arrays of panels) * 9.03 = 18.06A (less than the Imax of each mppt) 

So total number of panels connected to the inverter = 15panels*2mppt = 30 panels  

 20KW 10KW 5.8 

Land 6 0 1 

Well 3 1 0 

total 9 1 1 

Table 13: total number of inverters for the south oriented 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



39 | P a g e  
 

4.4 Mentoring system 

The Net Monitoring technology allows to monitor as many inverters as we wish, without the need of 

special communication cards that are usually required by the inverter manufacturers and you also don't 

need to pay for the online monitoring, no matter what size of system you have. 

The monitoring system provides: 

 

1- Real time energy information. 

2- Renewable Energy monitoring. 

3- Measurement and Verification of essential equipment (M&V) 

4- Operations and Maintenance of asset portfolio (O&M) 

5- Data export via push or pull with an open data API. 

6- Lower energy cost. 

7- Lower emission associated with fossil fuel energy. 

8- Establish building energy benchmark and LEED points. 

9- Peak Demand analysis. 

10- Energy Efficiency projects and commissioning. 

 

We used eGauge Systems EG3000 Meter ANSI C12.1 - 1% Compliance w/ Ethernet. Table below shows 

the characteristics of EG3000 meter. 

 

Mfr. Part #:  A000-ETH-016 

 

CS Part #:   cs-300351 

 

Dimensions:   

  

6.94 × 3.25 × 1.3 in 

 

Weight:  

 

0.5 lb 

 
Table 14:eGauge mentoring system specifications 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

https://www.civicsolar.com/product/egauge-systems-eg3000-meter-ansi-c121-1-compliance-w-ethernet


40 | P a g e  
 

 

4.5 Cables  
 

 

        1- DC cables 

We used two ratings for DC cables, which are (4m𝑚2 and 6 m𝑚2) depending on the location of the DC 

side, for each string we use 4m𝑚2 and when it delivers to the combined box where 2 strings join together 

to go to the inverter, then 6m𝑚2 will be used as following: 

Before DC combined box, I=9.03A – DC cables 4m𝑚2 

After DC combined box, I=18.06A – DC cables 6m𝑚2 

 

 

2-AC cables  

The following table shows the cross-section areas of the AC cables after the inverters until the bi-

directional metering 

 

Table 15: cross section area of AC cables and their location 

 

4.5 Protection  

 

      1- DC side  

Circuit Breakers  

We used DC Circuit Breakers (20A/10 A &1000 volt) as each MPPT of the inverters has a current value 

of 9.03 A, one for every string and connected in the protection panel. 

Location AC current AC cable  

The output of each inverter 30 A AC cables (4*16 mm) AC CB’s (40 A) 

the AC cable goes from land`s room to 

the largest AC Base Bare in well`s room 

and the cable from AC Base Bare of 

well`s inverters to the largest AC Base 

Bare. 

144 A AC cables (70 mm)  AC CB’s (150 A)  

the AC cable goes from the largest AC 

base bare to the bi-directional metering. 

234 A AC cables (150 mm)  AC CB’s (250 A)  



41 | P a g e  
 

 

 

Fuse 

It is connected to each string of the inverters and the used one in our project is 15 A that is recommended 

in the inverter`s data sheet. And it comes along with a Fuse Holder; which is a mechanical part used for 

connecting two fuses. 

 

 

AC Surge Arresters  

It is connected to each string of the inverters after the fuses and placed in the DC protection panel that is 

near the inverter input. An Earth wire in the surge arrester is connected to the DC Earthing Base bare, the 

rating of the surge arrester is (1000v 40KA) 

 

NO. DC 

Surge 

Arresters 

No. DC 

C.B 20A 

NO. DC 

C.B 10A 

NO. fuse   

holders  

NO. 

fuses   

NO. 

Invertors 

 

25 12 1 25 25 7 Land 

18 8 2 18 18 4 Well 
Table 15: DC protection of south oriented design 

 

 

2- AC side  

AC Circuit Breakers  

We used AC Circuit Breakers (40A/15 A &1000 volt) as each inverter has a max current value of 

9.03*2*0.9*2 A=32.5 and also as well AC protection is needed after the bass bare of gathering the output 

of the AC side after the inverters such as (100A/250A AC CB). 

 

NO. AC 

C.B 

(250 A) 

NO. AC C.B 

(100 A)   

No. AC C.B 

(15A) 

NO. AC C.B 

(40 A) 

NO. 

Invertors 

 

1 0 1 6 7  Land 

0 1 1 3 4 Well 
Table 16: AC protection of South oriented design 

 



42 | P a g e  
 

AC surge arresters  

It is connected to each AC wire comes out from the inverter and placed in the AC protection panel that is 

near the inverter output. An Earth wire in the surge arrester is connected to the AC Earthing Base bare. 

We used AC surge arrester of 40 A and 1000 volt   

RCD 

An RCD, or residual current device, is a life-saving device which is designed to prevent you from getting 

a fatal electric shock if you touch something live, such as a bare wire. It can also provide some protection 

against electrical fires. RCDs offer a level of personal protection that ordinary fuses and circuit-breakers 

cannot provide. 

 

NO. of RCD NO. AC Surge 

Arrester 

 

1 8 Land  

1 5 well 
Table 17: AC protection of south oriented design 

4.6 Bill of Quantity  

A bill of quantity has been made which itemized list of the materials and components with their prices 

that are required to install the PV for the south oriented design, and it is important to expect the costs of 

the installations.  

4.6.1 BOQ for land  

type  # of units  unit cost total cost  
PV  127.84 450 57528 $ 

Inveter 20KW 6 3488 20928 $ 

Inveter 5.8KW 1 1000 1000 $ 
Internet connected 
Monitoring system 1 1700 1700 NIS 

steel mounting structure 376 238 89488 NIS 

     

DC PROTECTION     

fuse 15A 25 32 800 NIS 

fuse holder 25 32 800 NIS 

DC CCT breaker 10A 1 246 246 NIS 

DC CCT breaker 20A 12 250 3000 NIS 

surge protection 25 285 7125 NIS 

DC combiner Box 8 71 568 NIS 

DC base bar 12 25 300 NIS 

     
 

 

 

     



43 | P a g e  
 

AC PROTECTION     

AC CCT breaker 40A 6 185 1110 NIS 

AC CCT breaker 20A 1 150 150 NIS 

Surge protection  8 335 2680 NIS 

AC combiner boxes  7 2000 14000 NIS 

AC cables (16mm)/meter 16 7 112 NIS 

AC cables (150mm)/meter 215 253 54395 NIS 

RCD 400mA 1 400 400 NIS 

AC base bar 1 25 25 NIS 

Earth base bar 1 25 25 NIS 

AC CB 250A 1 746 746 NIS 
Table 18: BOQ of land in south oriented design 

4.6.2 Well BOQ 

type  # of units  unit cost total cost  
PV  71.4 450 32130 $ 
Inveter 20KW 3 3488 10464 $ 
Inveter 10KW 1 1744 1744 $ 
Internet connected Monotring 
system 1 1700 1700 NIS 
Roofing  490 50 24500 NIS 

     
DC PROTECTION     

fuse 15A 18 32 576 NIS 
fuse holder 18 32 576 NIS 
DC CCT breaker 10A 2 246 492 NIS 
dC CCT breaker 20A 8 250 2000 NIS 
surge protection 18 285 5130 NIS 
DC combiner Box 4 71 284 NIS 
DC Passbar 4 25 100 NIS 

     
     
AC PROTECTION     

AC CCT breaker 40A 3 185 555 NIS 
AC CCT breaker 20A 1 150 150 NIS 
Surge protection  4 335 1340 NIS 
AC combiner boxes  4 2000 8000 NIS 
AC cables (16mm)/meter 10 7 70 NIS 
AC cables (70mm)/meter 5 118 590 NIS 
RCD 400mA 1 400 400 NIS 
AC Passbar 1 25 25 NIS 
Earth Passbar 1 25 25 NIS 
MCB 150A 1 150 150 NIS 

Table 19: BOQ of well in south oriented design 

 

 

 

 



44 | P a g e  
 

4.6.3 combination of land and well BOQ 
TYPE  # OF UNITS  COST OF 

UNIT  
TOTAL 
COST  

 

DC CABLES (6MM)/METER 2500 3.6 9000 NIS 
AC CCT BREAKER 400A 2 746 1492 NIS 
RCD 400MA 1 400 400 NIS 
KWH GENERTATION 
METERING  

1 91 91 NIS 

BI-DIRECTIONAL METER 1 196 196 NIS 
COMBINATION BOX  1 1600 1600 NIS 
AC CABLE 
(150MM)/METER  

3 253 759 NIS 

UNCOVERED CABLE 
25MM/METER 

18 12 216 NIS 

EARTHING BIT DC 6 54 324 NIS 
EARTHING BIT AC 6 54 324 NIS 
ELECTRODES  6 280 1680 NIS 
LIGHTING PROTECTION 1 7000 7000 NIS 
EARTH 
CABLE(30MM)/METER 

1130 13.2 14916 NIS 

EARTH BASE BARE 4 25 100 NIS 
CONNECTORS  6 45 270 NIS 
ACCESOARIES  1 1500 1500 NIS 

Table 20:BOQ of the combination of the well and land for the south oriented design 

The sum of these costs is used in Retscreen to do the financial report as following in the next section.   

4.7 Restscreen 

 

The RetScreen Clean Energy Project Analysis Software is a tool that helps with decision making allowing 

engineers, architects, and financial planners to model and analyze any clean energy project. 

The technologies included in RetScreen’s project models are all-inclusive and include both traditional and 

non-traditional sources of clean energy as well as conventional energy sources and technologies. 

In this project, RetScreen was used to help us make a detailed study for a photovoltaic power plant in 

Talloza used to pump water from three different pumps used for irrigation. 

The Following files are for the south oriented, both the well and land separately.  

 

 

 



45 | P a g e  
 

 

 

 

 

 

       Clean Energy Project Analysis Software       
 

                   
 

 Project information    See project database            
 

                    
 

  Project name water pumping - 199.24kW - on grid         
 

 Project location    Talluza – The LAND            
 

                    
 

  Prepared for    power plant            
 

  Prepared by , bahaa majadleh,  mohammed ateri         
 

                    
 

  Project type    Power            
 

                    
 

  Technology    Photovoltaic            
 

  Grid type    Central-grid            
 

                    
 

  Analysis type    Method 2            
 

                    
 

 Heating value reference   Higher heating value (HHV)         
 

  Show settings                 
 

                   
 

 Language - Langue    English - Anglais            
 

  User manual    English  -  Anglais            
 

                    
 

  Currency    $             
 

  Symbol                 
 

   Units    Metric units            
 

               
 

 
Site reference conditions 

  Select climate data location         
 

                 
 

                   
 

 Climate data location    Jericho            
 

  Show data                 
 

                    
 

                    
 

    Climate data              
 

   Unit location Project location            
 

 Latitude  ˚N 31.9   31.9             
 

 Longitude  ˚E 35.5   35.5             
 

 Elevation  m -275   -275             
 

 Heating design temperature  °C 5.0                
 

 Cooling design temperature  °C 32.9                
 

 Earth temperature amplitude  °C 23.1                
 

         Daily solar         
 

       Relative radiation - Atmospheric  Earth Heating Cooling  
 

 Month   Air temperature humidity horizontal pressure Wind speed temperature degree-days degree-days  
 

    °C %  kWh/m²/d kPa  m/s °C °C-d °C-d   
 

 January   10.6   58.7%  2.80 96.3  4.5 11.7 229 19   
 

 February   11.4   54.0%  3.50 96.2  4.6 13.3 185 39   
 

 March   14.2   50.8%  4.60 96.0  4.7 17.5 119 129   
 

 April   18.9   41.7%  6.00 95.8  4.4 23.9 0 266   
 

 May   22.2   41.2%  7.10 95.8  4.1 28.3 0 378   
 

 June   24.3   45.5%  7.90 95.6  4.1 31.2 0 428   
 

 July   26.0   46.9%  7.80 95.4  4.1 33.7 0 496   
 

 August   26.4   49.1%  7.20 95.5  3.9 33.8 0 508   
 

 September   25.0   49.3%  6.00 95.8  3.6 31.2 0 451   
 

 October   21.7   52.8%  4.70 96.0  3.7 25.5 0 363   
 

 November   17.0   52.0%  3.40 96.2  3.7 18.8 30 210   
 

 December   12.3   56.5%  2.60 96.3  4.1 13.3 175 73   
 

 Annual   19.2   49.9%  5.31 95.9  4.1 23.6 738 3,359   
 

 Measured at  m           10.0 0.0     
 

                    
 

     Complete Energy Model sheet         
 

                    
 

                    

 RETScreen4 2012-06-01      © Minister of Natural Resources Canada 1997-2012.   NRCan/CanmetENERGY 
 

                    
 



46 | P a g e  
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RETScreen Energy Model - Power project       Show alternative units   
 

            
 

Proposed case power system       Incremental initial costs   
 

Technology 
   

Photovoltaic 
        

          
 

Analysis type   
 Method 1        

 

   


 Method 2        
 

Photovoltaic            
 

Resource assessment            
 

Solar tracking mode    Fixed        
 

Slope °  17.0        
 

Azimuth °  0.0        
 

 
 Show data          

 

    Daily solar radiation - Daily solar Electricity Electricity   
 

  Month  horizontal radiation - tilted export rate exported to grid   
 

    kWh/m²/d kWh/m²/d $/MWh MWh   
 

  January  2.80 3.50 166.2 12.84     
 

  February  3.50 4.05 166.2 13.30     
 

  March  4.60 5.03 166.2 17.94     
 

  April  6.00 6.19 166.2 20.75     
 

  May  7.10 6.96 166.2 23.64     
 

  June  7.90 7.54 166.2 24.43     
 

  July  7.80 7.53 166.2 25.00     
 

  August  7.20 7.30 166.2 24.17     
 

  September  6.00 6.49 166.2 21.03     
 

  October  4.70 5.51 166.2 18.87     
 

  November  3.40 4.27 166.2 14.63     
 

  December  2.60 3.33 166.2 12.12     
 

  Ann 5.31 5.65 166.20 228.72     
 

Annual solar radiation - horizontal  MWh/m²  1.94        
 

Annual solar radiation - tilted  MWh/m²  2.06        
 

Photovoltaic            
 

Type    poly-Si        
 

Power capacity  kW  127.84    See product database   
 

Manufacturer    hanwha        
 

Model    Q.Plus L-G4.2 330-340  1 unit(s)      
 

Efficiency %  17.1%        
 

Nominal operating cell temperature  °C  45  °F 113.0     
 

Temperature coefficient  % / °C  0.40%        
 

Solar collector area  m²  748  ft² 8,047     
 

Control method    Maximum power point tracker        
 

Miscellaneous losses %  3.0%        
 

Inverter            
 

Efficiency %  98.2%        
 

Capacity  kW  35.8        
 

Miscellaneous losses %  2.0%        
 

Summary            
 

Capacity factor %  20.4%        
 

Electricity delivered to load  MWh  0.00        
 

Electricity exported to grid  MWh  228.72        
 

Fuel rate - proposed case power system  $/MWh  0.00  $/kWh 0.000     
 

Electricity export rate  $/MWh    $/kWh 0.166     
 

            
 



47 | P a g e  
 

 

 

 Settings         

  Method 1 Notes/Range     Second currency 
  Method 2 Second currency Notes/Range  None   

   Cost allocation       

           

 Initial costs (credits) Unit Quantity  Unit cost  Amount Relative costs 
 Feasibility study         

  Site investigation p-d    $ -   

  Resource assessment project    $ -   

  Environmental assessment p-d    $ -   

  Preliminary design p-d    $ -   

  Detailed cost estimate p-d    $ -   

  GHG baseline study & MP project    $ -   

  Report preparation p-d    $ -   

  Project management p-d    $ -   

  Travel & accommodation p-trip 1 $ 641 $ 641   

  User-defined cost    $ -   

       $ -   

  Subtotal:     $ 641 0.4%  

 Development         

  Contract negotiations p-d    $ -   

  Permits & approvals p-d 1 $ 234 $ 234   

  Site survey & land rights p-d    $ -   

  GHG validation & registration project    $ -   

  Project financing p-d    $ -   

  Legal & accounting p-d 2 $ 300 $ 600   

  Project management p-d    $ -   

  Travel & accommodation p-trip    $ -   

  User-defined cost    $ -   

       $ -   

  Subtotal:     $ 834 0.5%  

 Engineering         

  Site & building design p-d 1 $ 5,000 $ 5,000   

  Mechanical design p-d 1 $ 1,828 $ 1,828   

  Electrical design p-d 1 $ 10,969 $ 10,969   

  Civil design p-d 1 $ 5,484 $ 5,484   

  Tenders & contracting p-d    $ -   

  Construction supervision p-d    $ -   

  civil work cost 1 $ 16,500 $ 16,500   

  employees  6 $ 856 $ 5,133   

  Subtotal:     $ 44,914 24.5%  

 Power system         

  Photovoltaic kW 127.84 $ 450 $ 57,528   

  Road construction km    $ -   

  Transmission line km    $ -   

  Substation project    $ -   

  Energy efficiency measures project    $ -   

  User-defined cost    $ -   

       $ -   

  Subtotal:     $ 57,528 31.4%  

 Balance of system & miscellaneous         

  Specific project costs  Photovoltaic       

  Inverter kW 126 $ 174 $ 21,940   

  Collector support structure m²    $ -   

  Installation project 1 $ 57,253 $ 57,253   

  Building & yard construction m²    $ -   

  Spare parts %    $ -   

  Transportation project    $ -   

  Training & commissioning p-d    $ -   

  User-defined cost 0 $ - $ -   

  Contingencies %  $ 183,110 $ -   

  Interest during construction  2 month(s) $ 183,110 $ -   

  Subtotal:     $ 79,193 43.2%  

 Total initial costs     $ 183,110 100.0%  

           

 Annual costs (credits) Unit Quantity  Unit cost  Amount   

 O&M         

  Land lease & resource rental project    $ -   

  Property taxes project    $ -   

  Insurance premium project    $ -   

  Parts & labour project    $ -   

  GHG monitoring & verification project    $ -   

  Community benefits project    $ -   

  General & administrative %  $ - $ -   

  User-defined cost 1 $ 380 $ 380   

  Contingencies %  $ 380 $ -   

  Subtotal:     $ 380   

           

 Periodic costs (credits) Unit Year  Unit cost  Amount   

  User-defined cost    $ -   

       $ -   

  End of project life cost    $ -   



48 | P a g e  
 

 

 

 

 Financial parameters      Project costs and savings/income summary    Yearly cash flows    
 

 General      Initial costs       Year Pre-tax After-tax Cumulative 
 

  Fuel cost escalation rate %      Feasibility study   0.4% $ 641  # $ $ $ 
 

  Inflation rate %   1.0%   Development   0.5% $ 834  0 -183,110 -183,110 -183,110 
 

  Discount rate %      Engineering   24.5% $ 44,914  1 37,630 37,630 -145,479 
 

  Project life yr   25   Power system   31.4% $ 57,528  2 37,626 37,626 -107,853 
 

         Heating system   0.0% $ 0  3 37,622 37,622 -70,231 
 

 Finance       Cooling system   0.0% $ 0  4 37,619 37,619 -32,612 
 

  Incentives and grants $      User-defined   0.0% $ 0  5 37,615 37,615 5,002 
 

  Debt ratio %   0.0%   Energy efficiency measures 0.0% $ 0  6 37,611 37,611 42,613 
 

  Debt $   0   Balance of system & misc. 43.2% $ 79,193  7 37,607 37,607 80,220 
 

  Equity $   183,110   Total initial costs   100.0% $ 183,110  8 37,602 37,602 117,822 
 

  Debt interest rate %               9 37,598 37,598 155,420 
 

  Debt term yr     Incentives and grants    $ 0  10 37,594 37,594 193,015 
 

  Debt payments $/yr   0            11 37,590 37,590 230,605 
 

        Annual costs and debt payments     12 37,586 37,586 268,190 
 

         O&M    $ 380  13 37,581 37,581 305,772 
 

 Income tax analysis       Fuel cost - proposed case  $ 0  14 37,577 37,577 343,349 
 

  Effective income tax rate %      Debt payments - 0 yrs    $ 0  15 37,573 37,573 380,922 
 

  Loss carryforward?    No   Total annual costs    $ 380  16 37,568 37,568 418,490 
 

  Depreciation method  Declining balance            17 37,564 37,564 456,054 
 

  Half-year rule - year 1 yes/no   Yes  Periodic costs (credits)      18 37,559 37,559 493,614 
 

  Depreciation tax basis %            $ 0  19 37,555 37,555 531,169 
 

  Depreciation rate %            $ 0  20 37,550 37,550 568,719 
 

  Depreciation period yr   15   End of project life - cost   $ 0  21 37,546 37,546 606,265 
 

  Tax holiday available? yes/no   No            22 37,541 37,541 643,806 
 

  Tax holiday duration yr     Annual savings and income     23 37,536 37,536 681,342 
 

         Fuel cost - base case    $ 0  24 37,531 37,531 718,873 
 

 Annual income       
Electricity export 
income   $ 38,014  25 37,527 37,527 756,400 

 

 Electricity export income       GHG reduction income - 0 yrs  $ 0  26 0 0 756,400 
 

  Electricity exported to grid MWh   229   
Customer premium income 
(rebate)  $ 0  27 0 0 756,400 

 

  Electricity export rate $/MWh   166.20   Other income (cost) - yrs  $ 0  28 0 0 756,400 
 

  Electricity export income $   38,014   CE production income - yrs  $ 0  29 0 0 756,400 
 

  Electricity export escalation rate %      Total annual savings and income  $ 38,014  30 0 0 756,400 
 

                  31 0 0 756,400 
 

 GHG reduction income                32 0 0 756,400 
 

   tCO2/yr   0            33 0 0 756,400 
 

  Net GHG reduction tCO2/yr   0  Financial viability       34 0 0 756,400 
 

  Net GHG reduction - 25 yrs tCO2   0   Pre-tax IRR - equity    % 20.3%  35 0 0 756,400 
 

  GHG reduction credit rate $/tCO2      Pre-tax IRR - assets    % 20.3%  36 0 0 756,400 
 

  GHG reduction income $   0            37 0 0 756,400 
 

  GHG reduction credit duration yr      After-tax IRR - equity    % 20.3%  38 0 0 756,400 
 

  Net GHG reduction - 0 yrs tCO2   0   After-tax IRR - assets    % 20.3%  39 0 0 756,400 
 

  GHG reduction credit escalation rate %               40 0 0 756,400 
 

         Simple payback    yr 4.9  41 0 0 756,400 
 

 Customer premium income (rebate)       Equity payback    yr 4.9  42 0 0 756,400 
 

  Electricity premium (rebate) %               43 0 0 756,400 
 

  Electricity premium income (rebate) $   0   Net Present Value (NPV)  $ 756,400  44 0 0 756,400 
 

  Heating premium (rebate) %      
Annual life cycle 
savings   $/yr 30,256  45 0 0 756,400 

 

  Heating premium income (rebate) $   0            46 0 0 756,400 
 

  Cooling premium (rebate) %      Benefit-Cost (B-C) ratio    5.13  47 0 0 756,400 
 

  Cooling premium income (rebate) $   0   Debt service coverage    No debt  48 0 0 756,400 
 

  Customer premium income (rebate) $   0   Energy production cost   $/MWh 33.92  49 0 0 756,400 
 

         GHG reduction cost    $/tCO2 No reduction  50 0 0 756,400 
 

                      
 

                  
 



49 | P a g e  
 

 

 

 

 

       Clean Energy Project Analysis Software       
 

                   
 

 Project information    See project database            
 

                    
 

  Project name    water pumping well            
 

 Project location    talluza - well            
 

                    
 

  Prepared for    power plant            
 

  Prepared by Bahaa Majadleh Mohammed ateri            
 

                    
 

  Project type    Power            
 

                    
 

  Technology    Photovoltaic            
 

  Grid type    Central-grid            
 

                    
 

  Analysis type    Method 2            
 

                    
 

 Heating value reference   Higher heating value (HHV)         
 

  Show settings                 
 

                   
 

 Language - Langue    English - Anglais            
 

  User manual    English  -  Anglais            
 

                    
 

  Currency    $             
 

  Symbol                 
 

   Units    Metric units            
 

               
 

 
Site reference conditions 

  Select climate data location         
 

                 
 

                   
 

 Climate data location    Jericho            
 

  Show data                 
 

                    
 

                    
 

    Climate data              
 

   Unit location Project location            
 

 Latitude  ˚N 31.9   31.9             
 

 Longitude  ˚E 35.5   35.5             
 

 Elevation  m -275   -275             
 

 Heating design temperature  °C 5.0                
 

 Cooling design temperature  °C 32.9                
 

 Earth temperature amplitude  °C 23.1                
 

         Daily solar         
 

       Relative radiation - Atmospheric  Earth Heating Cooling  
 

 Month   Air temperature humidity horizontal pressure Wind speed temperature degree-days degree-days  
 

    °C %  kWh/m²/d kPa  m/s °C °C-d °C-d   
 

 January   10.6   58.7%  2.80 96.3  4.5 11.7 229 19   
 

 February   11.4   54.0%  3.50 96.2  4.6 13.3 185 39   
 

 March   14.2   50.8%  4.60 96.0  4.7 17.5 119 129   
 

 April   18.9   41.7%  6.00 95.8  4.4 23.9 0 266   
 

 May   22.2   41.2%  7.10 95.8  4.1 28.3 0 378   
 

 June   24.3   45.5%  7.90 95.6  4.1 31.2 0 428   
 

 July   26.0   46.9%  7.80 95.4  4.1 33.7 0 496   
 

 August   26.4   49.1%  7.20 95.5  3.9 33.8 0 508   
 

 September   25.0   49.3%  6.00 95.8  3.6 31.2 0 451   
 

 October   21.7   52.8%  4.70 96.0  3.7 25.5 0 363   
 

 November   17.0   52.0%  3.40 96.2  3.7 18.8 30 210   
 

 December   12.3   56.5%  2.60 96.3  4.1 13.3 175 73   
 

 Annual   19.2   49.9%  5.31 95.9  4.1 23.6 738 3,359   
 

 Measured at  m           10.0 0.0     
 

                    
 

     Complete Energy Model sheet         
 

                    
 

                    

 RETScreen4 2012-06-01      © Minister of Natural Resources Canada 1997-2012.   NRCan/CanmetENERGY 
 

                    
 



50 | P a g e  
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RETScreen Energy Model - Power project       Show alternative units   
 

            
 

Proposed case power system       Incremental initial costs   
 

Technology 
   

Photovoltaic 
        

          
 

Analysis type   
 Method 1        

 

   


 Method 2        
 

Photovoltaic            
 

Resource assessment            
 

Solar tracking mode    Fixed        
 

Slope °  27.0        
 

Azimuth °  0.0        
 

 
 Show data          

 

    Daily solar radiation - Daily solar Electricity Electricity   
 

  Month  horizontal radiation - tilted export rate exported to grid   
 

    kWh/m²/d kWh/m²/d $/MWh MWh   
 

  January  2.80 3.81 166.2 7.755     
 

  February  3.50 4.26 166.2 7.771     
 

  March  4.60 5.14 166.2 10.205     
 

  April  6.00 6.12 166.2 11.453     
 

  May  7.10 6.70 166.2 12.722     
 

  June  7.90 7.15 166.2 12.977     
 

  July  7.80 7.18 166.2 13.348     
 

  August  7.20 7.13 166.2 13.202     
 

  September  6.00 6.57 166.2 11.873     
 

  October  4.70 5.81 166.